Abstract:
:The bactericidal activities of several once-weekly rifapentine (P)-containing combination regimens against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and their ability to prevent the selection of rifampin (R)-resistant mutants, were compared with those of the standard six-times-weekly regimen consisting of R, isoniazid (H), and pyrazinamide (Z) in a mouse experiment. Mice were infected intravenously with 1.3 x 10(7) cfu of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and 8 wk of treatment began on Day 14 after infection, when mice were randomly allocated to an untreated control group and nine treatment groups of 30 mice each. At the end of 8 wk of treatment, all the tested regimens showed promising bactericidal activities. Once-weekly P alone was less bactericidal than six-times-weekly R alone; likewise, the once-weekly P-containing combined regimens were less bactericidal than the six-times-weekly standard regimen. However, the difference in killing was about 1 log10, which represented only a fraction of the overall 4 log10 to 5 log10 magnitude of killing effects. The addition of streptomycin (S) improved the bactericidal effect of once-weekly PHZ, and the effect of once-weekly PHZS was further enhanced when it was preceded by 2 wk of daily HZS. The latter regimen achieved the same level of activity as the standard six-times-weekly regimen. All of the once-weekly P-containing combined regimens were able to prevent the selection of R-resistant mutants, whereas monotherapy with R or P selected resistant mutants in approximately 50% of animals.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Grosset J,Lounis N,Truffot-Pernot C,O'Brien RJ,Raviglione MC,Ji Bdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9709072subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
1436-40issue
5 Pt 1eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
157pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Inflammation is a critical component of asthma. Drugs that control asthma generally reduce the degree of airway inflammation. There is theoretical controversy surrounding the effects of beta(2)-agonists on airway inflammation, with some studies suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect, and others predicting a proinflamm...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2001060
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Qualitatively the mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties of airway smooth muscles resemble those of all other smooth muscle. However, one important distinguishing feature of airway smooth muscle is that the major portion of isotonic shortening is completed within the first 3 s in a muscle whose contraction...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.supplement_2.13tac300
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is polymicrobial and it is possible that anaerobic bacteria, not detected by routine aerobic culture methods, reside within infected anaerobic airway mucus. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether anaerobic bacteria are present in the sputum of patients with CF. METHODS:S...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200708-1151OC
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The role of computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer is controversial, currently under study, and not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES:To report findings from initial and 1-year repeat screening low-radiation-dose CT of the chest and 3-year outcomes for 50- to 79-year-old current and ex-smokers in ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-336OC
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation characterize cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. In many disorders, inflammation and angiogenesis are codependent phenomena. We previously noted excessive angiogenesis in CF tissues and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in random serum samp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9905022
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exact influence of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) on blood pressure control remains unknown. We investigated the influence of different degrees of SRBD on daytime blood pressure and its association to documented hypertension by examining 1,190 consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of SRBD. The proto...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9811054
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension associated with congestive heart failure carries a risk of right ventricular failure after cardiac transplantation. Few data, however, are available on the hemodynamic behavior of the pulmonary circulation in these patients. We therefore studied mean pulmonary artery pressure minus left atrial p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.4.8143050
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects the lungs. The etiology remains unclear; however, environmental, genetic, ethnic, and familial factors probably modify expression of the disease. As an example, African Americans are at greater risk of mortality and morbidity th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.200308-1073WS
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma in adults may be associated with chronic airflow obstruction, possibly resulting from airway disease in early life and/or a greater rate of decline in lung function in adult life compared with those with asthma. Treatment and cigarette smoking may also influence the rate of decline of lung function. The aim of ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-230OC
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite several codes of research ethics, the issuance of comprehensive rules regarding informed consent by governmental agencies, and numerous writings on the subject of informed consent, many commentators still question the quality of the informed consent process in clinical research. A major concern is that investi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810590
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The discovery that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (Rora)-α is highly expressed in lungs of patients with COPD led us to hypothesize that Rora may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema. OBJECTIVES:To determine the role of Rora in smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS:Cigarette smoke extract in vitro ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201111-2023OC
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Patients with acute lung injury have impaired function of the lung surfactant system. Prior clinical trials have shown that treatment with exogenous recombinant surfactant protein C (rSP-C)-based surfactant results in improvement in blood oxygenation and have suggested that treatment of patients with severe d...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201009-1424OC
更新日期:2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Interstitial macrophages (IMs) and airspace macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in lung homeostasis and host defense, and are central to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. However, the absolute numbers of macrophages and the precise anatomic locations they occupy in the healthy human lung have...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201911-2105OC
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the intensity of aerobic training is limited by dyspnea. Improving strength of the inspiratory muscles could enhance aerobic exercise training by reducing exercise-related dyspnea. We examined effects of home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and cycl...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9804067
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a treatable sleep disorder that is associated with alterations in glucose metabolism in individuals without diabetes, is a highly prevalent comorbidity of type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether the severity of OSA is a predictor of glycemic control in patients with di...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200909-1423OC
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Noninvasive ventilation decreases the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but has not been well studied in asthma.Objectives: To assess the association between noninvasive ventilation and subsequent need for invasive mechanical ven...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201910-2021OC
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing attention to the relationship between asthma and work exposures, occupational asthma remains underrecognized and its population burden underestimated. This may be due, in part, to the fact that traditional approaches to studying asthma in populations cannot adequately take into account the healt...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-415PP
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a growing understanding of the effects and potential pathophysiological role of the ETs in asthma and several of the criteria required to strongly implicate ET-1 as a mediator in this disease have been fulfilled. However, some of the information is preliminary, equivocal and requires confirmation. Furthermore...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970340
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled corticosteroids are effective antiinflammatory therapy for asthma; however, they do not completely abolish allergen-induced airway inflammation. Leukotriene modifiers attenuate both early and late allergen responses and have antiinflammatory properties. We reasoned that treatment with budesonide and montelukas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200206-509OC
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there is abundant clinical evidence of asthmatic responses to indoor aeroallergens, the symptomatic impacts of other common indoor air pollutants from gas stoves, fireplaces, and environmental tobacco smoke have been less well characterized. These combustion sources produce a complex mixture of pollutants, ma...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.6.8004290
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test whether the leukotriene antagonist ONO-1078 (pranlukast) prevents asthma exacerbations during reduction of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 79 asthma patients requiring high doses (1,500 microg/d or more) of inhaled beclomethasone dipropiona...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.4.9105060
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell death is intertwined with life in development, homeostasis, pathology, and aging. Until recently, apoptosis was the best known form of programmed cell death, whereas necrosis was for a long time considered accidental owing to physicochemical injury. However, identification of crucial signaling and execution molec...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.201510-2106CI
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Severe asthma (SA) remains poorly understood. Mast cells (MC) are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but it remains unknown how their phenotype, location, and activation relate to asthma severity. OBJECTIVES:To compare MC-related markers measured in bronchoscopically obtained samples with clinically relevant...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201002-0295OC
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Data regarding the influence of ambient air pollution on infant bronchiolitis are few. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the impact of several air pollutants and their sources on infant bronchiolitis. METHODS:Infants in the Georgia Air Basin of British Columbia with an inpatient or outpatient clinical encounter for b...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0117OC
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Severe asthma is a major public health issue throughout the world. Increased bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass, a characteristic feature of airway remodeling in severe asthma, is associated with resistance to high-intensity treatment and poor prognosis. In vitro, the Ca(2+)-channel blocker gallopamil decreas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201410-1874OC
更新日期:2015-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Decisions in medicine are made on the basis of knowledge and reasoning, often in shared conversations with patients and families in consideration of clinical practice guideline recommendations, individual preferences, and individual goals. Observational studies can provide valuable knowledge to inform guide...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.202010-3943ST
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen complicating postsurgical care. OBJECTIVES:To test the effect of sterile laparotomy (LAP) on pulmonary clearance of S. aureus in a murine model. METHODS:Control and LAP mice were infected intranasally with 10(8) cfu of S. aureus. Microbial clearance, pulmonary leuko...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-763OC
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) could provide bronchoprotection against the cold, dry air-induced response in asthmatic preschool children. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined the effect of the specific LTRA montelukast at 5 mg/d for 2 d on the b...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9910039
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Platelets may interact with the immune system in tuberculosis (TB) to regulate human inflammatory responses that lead to morbidity and spread of infection. OBJECTIVES:To identify a functional role of platelets in the innate inflammatory and matrix-degrading response in TB. METHODS:Markers of platelet activa...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2102OC
更新日期:2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Large pleural effusions are typically associated with dyspnea and potential respiratory compromise. Experimental evidence suggests that with large effusions, increased intrapleural pressure may be transmitted to the pericardial space, resulting in impaired cardiac filling and reduced stroke volume. We report two cases...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_Pt_1.904
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00