Abstract:
:A total of 183 random, whole-blood specimens was collected from healthy individuals within the State of Queensland (Australia), and the bromide concentration was determined by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The intensity of the tube Compton scatter line was used to account for differences in matrices between the aqueous calibration standard and whole-blood specimens. Technical details of the WDXRF method are included in the experimental section of the paper. The overall mean for bromide in human blood was 5.3 +/- 1.4 mg/L and ranged from 2.5 to 11.7 mg/L. Associations between bromide levels and variables including age, gender, weight, height, and postcode address were examined by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Data indicate that aged persons (45-65+ years) are more likely to have higher bromide levels than younger persons (15-25 years). Our results also suggest differences in bromide levels between the sexes in similar age groups. Average levels were higher in females in most age groups. The reason for this difference requires further detailed investigation. No correlation was observed between bromide levels and height or weight of donors. No significant differences in bromide levels were found in persons living in the highly populated southeast region of Queensland compared with those living in the less urbanized northern parts of the state.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Olszowy HA,Rossiter J,Hegarty J,Geoghegan Pdoi
10.1093/jat/22.3.225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
225-30issue
3eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::With the increased availability of nitrite-containing commercial products that are used for the adulteration of urine samples in the workplace, it is necessary for laboratories to be able to detect and confirm the presence of nitrite in these samples. We have developed a method to confirm the presence of nitrite in ur...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.3.137
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for the detection of propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) in rodent skin following extraction with ethyl acetate. Known quantities of PGDN contained in the torpedo fuel Otto Fuel II were added to homogenates of rat skin, which were subsequently extracted with two 10-mL port...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/16.6.356
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the lack of certified reference material, a reliable quantification in complex postmortem matrices can only be performed either by the addition of isotope-labelled standards or by the standard addition method. Although standard addition is a basic quantification procedure, its practical implementation is challe...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv078
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decomposed bone and plasma samples of rats exposed to amitriptyline (AMI) and citalopram (CIT) under different dosing patterns were analyzed. Wistar rats received one acute dose (120 mg AMI/kg and 40 mg CIT/kg; n = 5) or two doses (40 mg AMI/kg and 13 mg CIT/kg, n = 5) 40 min apart. After collection of perimortem bloo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt078
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methoxyacetylfentanyl and cyclopropylfentanyl are two of the newest illicit opioids that are infiltrating the heroin market. Methoxyacetylfentanyl and cyclopropylfentanyl were reported by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in their third quarter report of 2017 to have been chemically identified seven and five t...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bky035
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nitrogen mustards bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1), bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2), and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3) have the potential to be used as chemical terrorism agents because of their extreme vesicant properties. We modified a previously reported method to incorporate automated solid-phase extrac...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.5.320
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a public health point of view, cocaine (COC) presents serious clinical problems and deaths from overdose and lifelong addiction patterns, not to mention its involvement in crime, in the United States. This study subjected rhesus monkeys to one intravenous administration of COC (1 mg/kg), which closely imitates th...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.7.571
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of benzodiazepine conjugates were systematically examined. Optimal recovery of the free drugs occurs when 1 mL of urine buffered to pH 4.5 is incubated with 5000 U of Helix pomatia beta-glucuronidase at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Urine specimens containing conjugates of temazepam, ox...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/18.7.382
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) is a dibenzothiazepine psychotropic agent that was introduced in 1997 for treating psychoses. Quetiapine is being found with increasing frequency in postmortem cases in Virginia. We report the postmortem results and histories of 20 quetiapine cases from the Office of the Chief Medical Ex...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.4.287
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a possible suicide by overdosage with diltiazem. The decreased, a 39-year-old male who had been under treatment for an unidentified heart condition, was discovered on the bathroom floor in his residence. Comprehensive drug screens performed on available postmortem specimens revealed the presence ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/18.3.180
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A woman was alleged to have committed suicide by consuming a gasoline additive shortly before jumping from a second floor balcony within her home. She was found dead by police with a multitude of injuries, lying nude in a partially evaporated unknown residue that was later determined to be methanol. Samples collected ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.7.734
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for the analysis of trace amounts of dinitroaniline herbicides in tissue and excreta. The method employs extraction of the tissue or excreta with organic solvent, clean up by liquid/liquid partitioning or silica gel chromatography, and ultimate analysis by gas chromatography using electron captur...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/9.1.15
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 5-mg dose of cocaine free base applied to the volar forearm skin surface of a volunteer resulted in a maximal urinary benzoylecgonine concentration of 55 ng/mL at 48 h, using discrete urine specimens. A total of 58 micrograms of benzoylecgonine, representing 1.2% of the dose, was excreted in the 96-h urine. An ident...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.6.383
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Storage of drug-based evidence inside sealed safes may allow chemical vapors to accumulate, creating concerns of drug exposure by inhalation, or the possibility of cross-contamination of drug evidence. Air samples were taken from inside eight drug safes and one small storage room at nine city and country police statio...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/jat/bky011
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While earlier studies have attempted to resolve the challenges encountered when interpreting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) concentrations in hair (primarily due to its endogenous presence), few have had large sample sizes. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-individual variation of endogenous...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa080
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Preliminary data regarding the use of vernix caseosa (VC) as an alternative to other biological specimens for the determination of fetal cocaine exposure are presented. Advantages of VC analysis include its presence on all newborn babies, historical record of drug exposure, and ease of collection and storage. Fifteen ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.6.509
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and reproducible gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of urinary o-cresol is described. The first step involves acid hydrolysis (2N HCl, 100 degrees C, 10 min), which yields unconjugated o-cresol. After extraction (methylene chloride, pH 2), the organic layer is concentrated by ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.5.309
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a case of fatal overdosage due to an accidental massive administration (750 mg instead of 170 mg) of cisplatin, an anticancer agent, to a 63-year-old patient suffering from lymphoma. Platinum was measured in various postmortem samples by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Heart ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.2.138
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collection and analysis of drugs in oral fluid (OF) at the roadside has become more feasible with the introduction of portable testing devices such as the Alere™ DDS®2 Mobile Test System (DDS®2). The objective of this study was to compare the on-site results for the DDS®2 to laboratory-based confirmatory assays wi...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx105
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas-chromatographic analysis of vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethylene) is presented. Vinylidene chloride was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide. The desorption efficiency was 97.2 +/- 1.05 (mean +/- standard error). The analytical column was packed with 10% Apiezon L ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.5.266
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cotinine biomarker measurements involving both smokers and nonsmokers must accommodate a broad range of concentrations. Thus, we have routinely preclassified unknown samples as being either "high" or "low" by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay for cotinine prior to analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Although t...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.8.814
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine drug testing (UDT) is an emerging standard of care in the evaluation and treatment of chronic non-cancer pain patients with opioid analgesics. UDT may be used both to verify adherence with the opioid analgesic regimen and to monitor abstinence from non-prescribed or illicit controlled substances. In the former s...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku109
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of methylene blue and leucomethylene blue in male and female Fischer 344 rat urine and male and female B6C3F1 mouse urine was developed for use in supporting toxicokinetic studies, validated, and used to analyze urine samples for a preliminary dose level range-find...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.1.28
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is currently evaluating hydrocodone (HC) for inclusion in the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. This study evaluated the time course of HC, norhydrocodone (NHC), dihydrocodeine (DHC) and hydromorphone (HM) in paired ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv050
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to organophosphate pesticides can be estimated from the presence of urinary metabolites. An isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) method was developed for quantitating the six dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites of at least 29 organophosphate pesticides. Urine samples...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.5.245
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of death following the ingestion of tranylcypromine are presented. High concentrations of tranylcypromine were determined in blood, urine, and liver by gas-liquid chromatography. Tranylcypromine was extracted from buffered blood with n-butyl chloride. The evaporated extract was derivatized with trifluoroacet...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/15.1.38
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a recent and significant increase in the use and availability of hemp seed oil products. These products are being marketed as a healthy source of essential omega fatty acids when taken orally. Although the health aspects of these oils is open to debate, the probability that oils derived from the hemp se...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.7.562
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carfentanil is a mu (μ) opioid receptor agonist and is estimated to be ~10,000 times more potent than morphine in animal (non-human) models. It is not approved for human use and is only used to immobilize large exotic animals in veterinary medicine. In mid-2016, carfentanil emerged as a contaminant in street heroin in...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx042
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fatality due to the ingestion of isoniazid, a tuberculostatic agent, is presented. Isoniazid was extracted by a single step extraction procedure, derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, and identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The distribution of isoniazid was as follows: he...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/16.1.57
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the disposition kinetics of methamphetamine (MAP), we have developed a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay to quantitate the enantiomers of MAP and its major metabolites, amphetamine (AP), p-hydroxymethamphetamine (p-OH-MAP), and p-hydroxyamphetamine (p-OH-AP), the latter two of whi...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.3.139
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00