Abstract:
:This paper explores the use of advance directives in clinical dementia research. The focus is on advance consent to participation of demented patients in non-therapeutic research involving more than minimal risks and/or burdens. First, morally relevant differences between advance directives for treatment and care, and advance directives for dementia research are discussed. Then attention is paid to the philosophical issue of dementia and personal identity, and the implications for the moral authority of research advance directives. Thirdly, a number of practical shortcomings of advance directives for non-therapeutic dementia research are explored and attention is paid to the role of proxies. It is concluded that upon a closer look the initial attractiveness of advance directives for dementia research is lessened, and that it is doubtful whether these instruments can compensate for the lack of subject consent in case of non-therapeutic dementia research involving more than minimal risks and/or burdens for the incompetent demented subject.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Berghmans RLdoi
10.1136/jme.24.1.32subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-02-01 00:00:00pages
32-7issue
1eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The paper considers and rejects two arguments against the performance of sexual reassignment surgery. First, it is argued that the operation is not mutilating, but functionally enabling. Second, it is argued that the operation is not objectionably deceptive, since, if there is such a thing as our 'real sex', we do not...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.13.2.86
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teaching medical ethics to medical students in a pluralistic society is a challenging task. Teachers of ethics have obligations not just to teach the subject matter but to help create an academic environment in which well motivated students have reinforcement of their inherent good qualities. Emphasis should be placed...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.20.4.239
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the attitudes of health care staff in four postcommunist countries towards taking gifts from their clients--and their confessed experience of actually taking such gifts. DESIGN:Survey questionnaire administered to officials including health care staff, supplemented by focus-group discussions with t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.305
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional view that having a personality disorder, unlike other mental disorders, is not usually reason enough to consider a person incompetent to make healthcare decisions is challenged. The example of a case in which a woman was treated for a physical disorder without her consent illustrates that personality d...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.023341
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychotropic and other drugs can alter brain mechanisms regulating the formation, storage, and retrieval of different types of memory. These include "off label" uses of existing drugs and new drugs designed specifically to target the neural bases of memory. This paper discusses the use of beta-adrenergic antagonists t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.012575
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the law around surgical consent continues to evolve, surgeons and those in training risk being caught red-faced and defenceless. Despite repeated concerns regarding surgical consent being raised by the General Medical Council of the UK, how much is changing on the National Health Service shop floor? This report inv...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101931
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explorations of bioethical issues frequently raise the question of an entity's "moral standing," or its right to moral consideration by rational agents. Many contemporary philosophers subscribe to Leonard Nelson's view that only beings that have interests have moral standing. Kuhse attempts to define interests and t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.3.146
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several distinct arguments conclude that terminally ill patients have a right to a medically assisted death; two are especially influential: the autonomy argument and the non-harm argument. Both have proven convincing to many, but not to those who view the duty not to kill as an (almost) absolute constraint. Some phil...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103575
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Research in intensive care is necessary for the continuing advancement of patient care. In research, informed consent is considered essential for patient protection. In intensive care, the modalities of informed consent are currently being debated by both lawyers and the medical community. The preferences ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.028068
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::No discussion of when an individual is dead is meaningful in the absence of a definition of death. If human death is defined as the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness combined with the irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe spontaneously (and hence to maintain a spontaneous heart beat) the deat...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.16.1.10
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the central arguments given to resist testing currently healthy, asymptomatic children for adult-onset diseases is that they may be psychologically harmed by the knowledge gained from such tests. In this discussion I examine two of the most serious arguments: children who are tested may face limited futures, an...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019802
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The primary aim of the study was to evaluate two different methods of communicating information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to patients admitted to general medical and elderly care wards. The information was either in the form of a detailed information leaflet (appendix I) or a summary document (appendix...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002915
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the current status of hospital clinical ethics committees (CEC) and how they have evolved in Canada over the past 20 years, this paper presents an overview of the findings from a 2008 survey and compares these findings with two previous Canadian surveys conducted in 1989 and 1984. All Canadian hospitals...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032607
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A report of a problem-based learning project on the ethics of terminal care, offered as one of the options available to first year MB ChB students in Edinburgh University Medical School. The project formed part of the 'clinical correlation course' in the new curriculum. Six students took part under the supervision of ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.7.2.62
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr Caitríona L Cox's recent article expounds the far-reaching implications of the 'Healthcare Hero' metaphor. She presents a detailed overview of heroism in the context of clinical care, revealing that healthcare workers, when portrayed as heroes, face challenges in reconciling unreasonable expectations of personal sa...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106753
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::On 9 May 2005, the Israeli Ministry of Health issued guidelines spelling out the conditions under which sex selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for social purposes is to be permitted in Israel. This article first reviews the available medical methods for sex selection, the preference for children of a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.023226
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technological advances in genetic testing have enabled prospective parents to learn about their risk of passing a genetic condition to their future children. One option for those who want to ensure that their biological children do not inherit a genetic condition is to create embryos through in vitro fertilisation (IV...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105879
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding dental ethics as a field separate from its much better known counterpart, medical ethics, is a relatively new, but necessary approach in bioethics. This need is particularly felt in dental education and establishing a curriculum specifically for dental ethics is a challenging task. Although certain topic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100067
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revised Declaration of Helsinki allows placebo-controlled trials to be used even when there is an established therapy, provided there are adequate 'methodological' reasons for doing so. This seems to violate the principle of beneficence: where there is an established therapy, physicians treating patients with a pl...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103970
更新日期:2017-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::In this response article, we challenge a core assumption that lies at the centre of a round table discussion regarding the Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Loss of Hearing trial. The round table regards a genetic test for a variant (mt.1555A>G) that increases the risk of deafness if a carrier is given the antibiotic gentamic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106807
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A statute enacted in 2005 modified the legislative framework of the rights of terminally ill persons in France. Ten years after the EURONIC study, which described the self-reported practices of neonatal caregivers towards ethical decision-making, a new study was conducted to assess the impact of the new law ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.038356
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::"No one has advanced a just and logical reason why reward for service to the public should be extended to the inventor of a mechanical toy and denied to the genius whose patience, foresight, and effort have given a valuable new [discovery] to mankind" (Katopis CJ. Patents v patents: policy implications of recent paten...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.000786
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One theme of London University lawyer Ian Kennedy's 1980 Reith Lectures on medical ethics was the need to change the emphasis in physician patient relations from paternalism on the part of doctors to self determination on the part of patients. Bamford, a specialist in obstetrics and gynecology, demonstrates how reali...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.7.4.179
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier article in this journal, I advanced five ethical arguments in favour of a voluntary, unpaid system of blood donation. In his reply to my article, Hugh McLachlan criticised one of those arguments, namely, the argument that an unpaid system promotes altruism and social solidarity. In this reply to Dr. McLa...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.4.255
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notion of consent which rose to the forefront in biomedical ethics as an attempt to safeguard patients' autonomy, is relatively new. The notion itself requires qualification, for it precludes neither duress nor ignorance. More seriously, I argue here that consent is redundant except in situations where paternalism...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.3.183
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Explore public attitudes towards the trade-offs between justice and medical outcome inherent in organ allocation decisions. BACKGROUND:The US Task Force on Organ Transplantation recommended that considerations of justice, autonomy and medical outcome be part of all organ allocation decisions. Justice in this c...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018291
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians' work depends on sincere and complete disclosures from their patients; they honour this candidness by confidentially safeguarding the information received. Breaching confidentiality causes harms that are not commensurable with the possible benefits gained. Limitations or exceptions put on confidentiality wo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.3.117
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The law ordinarily recognises the woman who gives birth as the mother of a child, but in certain jurisdictions, it will recognise the commissioning couple as the legal parents of a child born to a commercial surrogate. Some commissioning parents have, however, effectively abandoned the children they commission, and in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104331
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article, Udo Schuklenk and Suzanne van de Vathorst argued in favour of a legal option of physician-assisted death for patients with 'treatment-resistant' depression. In this commentary, I contend that their argument neglects the important consideration of the professional integrity of physicians. In light ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103060
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper looks at the issue of consent from children and whether the test of Gillick competency, applied in medical and healthcare practice, ought to extend to participation in research. It is argued that the relatively broad usage of the test of Gillick competency in the medical context should not be considered app...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018853
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00