Abstract:
:The cloning of a Ca2+(0)-sensing receptor (CaR) from parathyroid and kidney, coupled with the identification of inherited disorders in Ca2+(0)-sensing resulting from inactivating or activating mutations of this CaR, has provided substantial insights into how Ca2+(0) is regulated at a systemic level. The CaR plays a central role in mediating, on one hand, the inhibitory effect of Ca2+(0) on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and, on the other, the stimulatory action of Ca2+(0) on calcitonin secretion, which provide for a sophisticated, bi-directional regulation of the secretion of calciotropic hormones mediated by the same receptor. Indeed Ca2+(0) itself can be viewed as a calciotropic 'hormone' acting, along with PTH and calcinotin (CT), on its target tissues involved in mineral ion homeostasis, particularly the kidney. In the kidney, Ca2+zero, acting via the CaR, controls renal handling of divalent mineral ions in the cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL) and perhaps also in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). In CTAL the CaR not only affects renal calcium handling indirectly by modulating the secretion of PTH but also directly at the level of the tubule, where it is localized on the same basolateal surface of the cells where the PTH receptor is located. Moreover, renal CaRs likely subserve important functions involved in integrating mineral ion metabolism with the homeostasis of water and, perhaps, monovalent cations (e.g., elevating Ca2+(0) produces a CaR-mediated inhibition of NaCl reabsorption in the CTAL). More recent data, however, accumulated since the cloning of the CaR, have suggested additional roles of the receptor in cells uninvolved in mineral ion metabolism. Examples include the brain, intestine and skin, where the receptor may regulate, respectively, the activities of ion channels and probably other neuronal functions, proliferation of the cells of the colonic crypts and differentiation of keratinocytes, presumably in response to local changes in Ca2+(0). It is also possible that the the CaR responds to other endogenous agonists, either polyvalent agonists, such as Mg2+(0) or organic polycations, including spermine or even protamine. Finally additional studies are needed to determine whether there are additional members of a putative family of structurally-related ion-sensing GPCRs, such as that apparently present in osteoblasts that sense Ca2+(0) and, perhaps, in other cell types that recognize additional ions [e.g., Cd2+(0) in dermal fibroblasts (Smith et al., 1989)].
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Chattopadhyay N,Vassilev PM,Brown EMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
759-68issue
8eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315journal_volume
378pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0268
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A FAD and [4Fe-4S]cluster-containing enzyme from Clostridium aminobutyricum catalyses the reversible dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA which involves the cleavage of an unactivated C-H bond at the beta-carbon. Transient oxidation of the substrate to an enoxy radical by FAD might facilitate the remova...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.8.843
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitous calpains, mu- and m-calpain, have been implicated in essential physiological processes and various pathologies. Cell-permeable specific inhibitors are important tools to elucidate the roles of calpains in cultivated cells and animal models. The synthetic N-acetylated 27-mer peptide derived from exon B o...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.045
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene is regulated by the sterol status of the cell via cleavage of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). When human HepG2 hepatoma cells were cotransfected with an expression plasmid for mature SREBP-1a together with FAS promoter/reporter constructs s...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.136
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular chaperones are well known as facilitators of protein folding and assembly. However, in recent years multiple chaperone-assisted degradation pathways have also emerged, including CAP (chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation), CASA (chaperone-assisted selective autophagy), and CMA (chaperone-mediated autoph...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.058
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The infectivity and pathogenicity of influenza virus are primarily determined by host cellular trypsin-type processing proteases which cleave the viral membrane fusion glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore the distribution of the processing protease is a major determinant of the infectious organ tropism. The comm...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.057
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein transport, especially into different cellular compartments, is a highly coordinated and regulated process. The molecular machineries which carry out these transport processes are highly complex in structure, function, and regulation. In the case of chloroplasts, thousands of protein molecules have been estimat...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.051
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular volume regulation is fundamental for numerous physiological processes. The volume-regulated anion channel, VRAC, plays a crucial role in regulatory volume decrease. This channel, which is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, has been vastly characterized by electrophysiological means. It opens upon cell swe...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0127
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two current hypotheses of O2 sensing in the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors suggest participation of oxygen reactive (ROS) species, but they are mechanistically opposed. One postulates that hypoxia decreases ROS levels; the other that hypoxia increases them. Yet, both propose that the ensuing alteration in the cellul...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.021
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilms are a ubiquitous mode of microbial life and display an increased tolerance to different stresses. Inside biofilms, cells may experience both externally applied stresses and internal stresses that emerge as a result of growth in spatially structured communities. In this review, we discuss the spatial scales of...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0213
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Two new fluorescent labels are presented that are optimized for excitation with He/Ne laser and red diode lasers. Application in FCS and labeling of proteins and oligomers are demonstrated. A strong rise of quantum yield and emission life time upon binding to biomolecules are characteristic features of the dyes. ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.062
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report a detailed analysis of magnesium (Mg²+) ion effects on furin hydrolysis of fluorescent resonance energy transfer decapeptide substrates derived from canonical R-X-K/R-R furin cleavage motifs within certain viral envelope glycoproteins and eukaryotic proproteins. Using virus-derived sequences a selective...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.114
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a historical account of the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation. The process was uncovered in the mid-1950s in a study designed to elucidate the complex hormonal regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme was originally thought to be regulated by AMP now known t...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.011
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conversion of the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrP(C)) into the pathologic isoform (PrP(Sc)) is the key event in prion diseases. To study the conversion process, an in vitro system based on varying the concentration of low amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been employed. In the present study, t...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2011.048
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A putative operon of the ribosomal proteins S20 and Thx has been determined in a 1.4 kb sequenced region of T. thermophilus genomic DNA. Both genes have a promoter sequence 29 nt upstream of ORF1, possess their own Shine-Dalgarno motifs (GGAG) and are separated by only 9 nucleotides, a feature characteristic of the co...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.126
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurobiological mechanisms of obesity-induced peripheral neuropathy are poorly understood. We evaluated the role of Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) and NMDA receptor (NMDARs) in the spinal cord in peripheral neuropathy using an animal model of high fat diet-induced diabetes. We examined the expression of Sig-1R and NMDA...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0117
更新日期:2017-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::The bifunctional protein DCoH (dimerization cofactor of HNF-1) is a transcriptional coactivator of homeodomain proteins and a cytoplasmic enzyme. Here we report on the isolation, nucleotide sequence and genomic structure of the chicken and rat DCoH genes. They have an unusual first exon coding for a single amino acid....
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor E2F1 plays a decisive role in the G1/S and G2/M checkpoint transitions of proliferating cells. Because cells are arrested at these checkpoints after heat shock it was of interest to test heat shock effects on E2F1 activity. In human A549 cells, heat shock (44 degrees C, 30 min) caused an immed...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.017
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin (KKS-RAS) systems represent two highly regulated proteolytic systems that are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Although their protein-protein interactions can be studied using experimental approaches, it is difficult to differentiate between direc...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.046
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular proteomes are dynamic and adjusted to permanently changing conditions by ATP-fueled proteolytic machineries. Among the five AAA+ proteases in Escherichia coli FtsH is the only essential and membrane-anchored metalloprotease. FtsH is a homohexamer that uses its ATPase domain to unfold and translocate substrate...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0302
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell, as a molecular system, is often interpreted in terms of complex clockworks, and the design charts of mechanical and electrical engineering are assumed to provide adequate approximations for the description of cellular organization. However, a growing body of experimental evidence obtained through the observa...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2005.030
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of serine proteases that were shown to be useful cancer biomarkers. KLKs have been shown to be dysregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression and have been reportedly dysregulated in PCa. We ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2011-0246
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most excitatory synaptic transmissions in the central nervous system are mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Binding of glutamate released from the presynaptic membrane causes glutamate receptors in the postsynaptic membrane to open, which results in a transient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. The...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.024
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Sialyl-Tn antigen (Sialyl alpha-Ser/Thr) is expressed as a cancer-associated antigen on the surface of cancer cells. Its presence is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal and other cancers. We previously reported that Sialyl-Tn expression in LSC human colon cancer cells could be explained by...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.029
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the Ras family, Ran is a unique small G protein. It does not have a lipid modification motif at the C-terminus to bind to the membrane, which is often observed within the Ras family. Ran may therefore interact with a wide range of proteins in various intracellular locations. This means that Ran could play many d...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2000.052
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are indispensable cellular organelles providing ATP and numerous other essential metabolites to ensure cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as side reactions during oxidative phosphorylation or by external agents, induce molecular damage in mitochondrial proteins, lipids/membrane...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0206
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Kallikrein 6 (KLK6) is a trypsin-like serine peptidase whose relevance in various types of cancers is currently being explored. Previous studies have shown that KLK6 mRNA is upregulated in colon and gastric cancers; however, the regulatory mechanisms and phenotypic consequences of this upregulation are largely unknown...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.087
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination with either exogenous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) lipoprotein particles without adjuvants, or plasmid DNA encoding secreted small HBsAg stimulate long-lasting, potent antibody responses in H-2d (BALB/c) and C57Bl/6 (H-2b) mice. Vaccination with exogenous HBsAg primes MHC-I restricted cytotoxic T ly...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.039
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of total tissue RNA and DNA to quantify the RNA and DNA oxidation products 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine using HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The protein denaturing agents guanidine thio...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.014
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we discuss how time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to understand how GTP hydrolysis is catalyzed by small GTPases and their cognate GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). By interaction with small GTPases, GAPs regulate important signal transduction pathways and transport m...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0219
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00