Abstract:
:Programmed cell death (PCD), also referred to as apoptosis, is a cellular "suicide" mechanism, based on information from its own internal metabolism, environment, developmental history, and genome. This system was described in eukaryotes continuously along evolution, through amoebae, nematodes, insects, and animals. PCD is essential for the proper development or function of a cell system, organ, or survival of the organism as a whole. Research in the last 2 decades has shown that the life cycle of several prokaryotic organisms display developmental programs, similar to metazoan differentiation, that is part of their adaptation to stressful environments. These include warmer cell formation and differentiation in Caulobacter cereus, sporulation in Bacillus and Streptomyces, heterocyst formation in Anabaena, development of bacteroids in Rhizobium, the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies and sporulation in Myxobacteria, and the formation of nonculturable, but viable, cells in various Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, and more significantly, the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus were shown to release nucleoprotein particles designated "gene transfer agent (GTA)" as they enter the stationary phase. GTAs contain DNA of 3.6 x 10(6) molecular weight, representing all parts of the genome, and they may be taken up by other strains of R. capsulatus, and complement mutants. We postulate that these various modes of stress adaptations in bacteria are prokaryotic manifestation, and possibly the phylogenetic precursor, of the eukaryotic phenomenon, programmed cell death, and therefore we propose to designate it "proapoptosis". In addition to their function, apoptosis and proapoptosis share various mechanistic programmed features, including DNA fragmentation and packaging, cell shrinkage, degradation of RNA, proteolysis and synthesis of new proteins, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species.
journal_name
Crit Rev Microbioljournal_title
Critical reviews in microbiologyauthors
Hochman Adoi
10.3109/10408419709115136subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
207-14issue
3eissn
1040-841Xissn
1549-7828journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Renewed interest in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation as a route for industrial production of butanol has been evident since the oil crisis of the 1970s. The present review includes an historical recap of the traditional industrial process and culturing practices useful in maintaining viable solvent-produ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418809104464
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eugenol is a hydroxyphenyl propene, naturally occurring in the essential oils of several plants belonging to the Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Myristicaceae families. It is one of the major constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae) oil and is largely used in both foods and c...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1295225
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The agriculture industry is in need of novel biopesticides and development of large-scale production of mycopesticide, either fungal cells themselves or cell-free fungal components. The identification of a fungal strain with pesticide activity, and its improvement, is the primary step in developing infective propagule...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408419991299220
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) is an air-born, transmissible disease, having an estimated 9.4 million new TB cases worldwide in 2009. Eventual control of this disease by developing a safe and efficient new vaccine able to detain its spread will have an enormous impact on public health policy. Selecting potential antigens to be inc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.763221
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly significant evidence of the intellectual and cultural efforts of the human race is contained in documents. They take many forms, from papyri through paper to modern magnetic media and optical records. These items are mainly made of organic materials many of which contain polymers, which span from cellulose and ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490884766
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbiology of meats has been a subject of great concern in food science and public health in recent years. Although many articles have been devoted to the microbiology of beef, pork, and poultry meats, much less has been written about microbiology of lamb meat and even less on restructured lamb meat. This article pr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419509113533
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria r...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1599813
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first Alicyclobacillus spp. was isolated in 1982, and was originally thought to be strictly limited to thermophilic and acidic environments. Two years later, another Alicyclobacillus sp., A. acidoterrestris, was identified as the causative agent in spoilage of commercially pasteurized apple juice. Subsequent studi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490435089
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella spp. are the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease and an opportunistic pathogen of significant public health concern. Identification and quantification from environmental sources is crucial for identifying outbreak origins and providing sufficient information for risk assessment and disease prevention. ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.885930
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of new antibiotics being brought onto the market, alternative strategies need to be found to cope with infections resulting from drug-resistant bacteria. A possible solution may be to combine existing antibiotics with phytochemicals to enhance the efficac...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.763219
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within Gram-positive bacteria, the expression of target genes is controlled at the population level via signaling peptides, also known as pheromones. Pheromones control a wide range of functions, including competence, virulence, and others that remain unknown. Until now, their role in bacterial gene regulation has pro...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.948804
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was first described in 1978 and since that year over 2990 cases have been reported to the Communicable Disease Center. The estimated case-fatality rate is 5.6%. The disease is characterized by fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, and involvement of at least three other organ systems. Appr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418509104424
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans ingest large numbers of microbes daily. Food provides distinctly different physical and physiological conditions from drinking water. With high concentrations of carbohydrate, protein, and ionic strength, food is much closer to the human physiological state than drinking water, which is essentially devoid of nu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040-840291046740
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the rise of multidrug-resistant infections in humans, phage therapy is gaining renewed attention in Western medicine. Despite the increasing number of publications focussed on the isolation, characterization and in vitro performance of different phages, there is still a lack of concise pre-clinical information ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2020.1729695
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Well publicized outbreaks of foodborne illness have occurred in recent years due to consumption of commercial, nonpasteurized ("fresh" or "unpasteurized") fruit juices. Nonpasteurized and heat treated juices have been associated with at least 15 foodborne illness outbreaks since the early 1900s. Disease syndromes have...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419709115132
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410701364562
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mycobacteria, iron dependent transcription regulator (IdeR) regulates transcription of genes in response to iron levels. The IdeR regulated genes have been investigated mostly in M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and in few of the other related species. Recent advances in crystal structure solution and computational a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410600709768
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis is an ancient human scourge that continues to be an important public health problem worldwide. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis isolates from both AIDS and non-AIDS patients is an ominous trend that threatens tuberculosis eradication programs both in the U.S. and overseas...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419309113520
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanotechnology, the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm), offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward re...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410701710442
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches from a budding yeast form to a polarized hyphal form in response to various external signals. This morphogenetic switching has been implicated in the development of pathogenicity. Several signaling pathways that regulate morphogenesis have been identified, including ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/713610451
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis causing reproductive failures in livestock and a severe multi-organ disease in humans. The genus Brucella is divided into seven species and various biotypes differing in pathogenicity and host specificity. Although Brucella spp. represent a highly homogenous group of bacteria, RFLPs...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410500304041
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement. It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp, Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp, Os...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.957640
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The approach to this article will be the review of experimental developments achieved in recent years in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, ultrastructure, etc. and that have suggested models and hypothesis in order to understand the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal differentiation...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418409105474
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a brief review of the ecology of Escherichia coli in general, the role of Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) E. coli (STEC) as pathogens is addressed. While STEC belonging to the serogroup O157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importanc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410601172172
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dermatophytoses are superficial infections caused by a group of fungi, the dermatophytes, which invade keratinized tissue of skin, hair, and nails in humans and animals. The importance of normal immune function in resistance to dermatophytoses is substantiated by an increased susceptibility to chronic infection seen i...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418909104472
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female genital tract is an intricate, yet balanced ecosystem that hosts a variety of different residential microflora. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy may disrupt this balanced ecosystem and predispose women to a potentially pathogenic microbiota. Bacteria that are associated with bacterial v...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.954522
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial populations that are exposed to rapidly changing and sometimes hostile environments constantly switch between growth, survival, and death. Understanding bacterial survival and death are therefore cornerstones in a full comprehension of microbial life. During the last few years, new insights have emerged rega...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490884757
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteria having a unique ring-like morphology first isolated from nasal mucus by Weibel in 1887 were classified as a new genus Spirosoma by Migula in 1894. However, because these bacteria were not completely described for taxonomic purposes and their cultures were no longer available, the genus was deleted from th...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419009114761
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing emergence of antimicrobial multiresistant bacteria is of great concern to public health. While these bacteria are becoming an ever more prominent cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide, the antibiotic discovery pipeline has been stalled in the last few years with very few effort...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.866073
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymyxins are important lipopeptide antibiotics that serve as the last-line defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Worryingly, the clinical utility of polymyxins is currently facing a serious threat with the global dissemination of mcr, plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance. The...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2018.1492902
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00