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Deletions in Xq26.3-q27.3 including FMR1 result in a severe phenotype in a male and variable phenotypes in females depending upon the X inactivation pattern.

Abstract：

:High resolution cytogenetics, microsatellite marker analyses, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to define Xq deletions encompassing the fragile X gene, FMR1, detected in individuals from two unrelated families. In Family 1, a 19-year-old male had facial features consistent with fragile X syndrome; however, his profound mental and growth retardation, small testes, and lover limb skeletal defects and contractures demonstrated a more severe phenotype, suggestive of a contiguous gene syndrome. A cytogenetic deletion including Xq26.3-q27.3 was observed in the proband, his phenotypically normal mother, and his learning-disabled non-dysmorphic sister. Methylation analyses at the FMR1 and androgen receptor loci indicated that the deleted X was inactive in > 95% of his mother's white blood cells and 80-85% of the sister's leukocytes. The proximal breakpoint for the deletion was approximately 10 Mb centromeric to FMR1, and the distal breakpoint mapped 1 Mb distal to FMR1. This deletion, encompassing approximately 13 Mb of DNA, is the largest deletion including FMR1 reported to date. In the second family, a slightly smaller deletion was detected. A female with moderate to severe mental retardation, seizures, and hypothyroidism, had a de novo cytogenetic deletion extending from Xq26.3 to q27.3, which removed approximately 12 Mb of DNA around the FMR1 gene. Cytogenetic, and molecular data revealed that approximately 50% of her white blood cells contained an active deleted X. These findings indicate that males with deletions including Xq26.3-q27.3 may exhibit a more severe phenotype than typical fragile X males, and females with similar deletions may have an abnormal phenotype if the deleted X remains active in a significant proportion of the cells. Thus, important genes for intellectual and neurological development, in addition to FMR1, may reside in Xq26.3-q27.3. One candidate gene in this region, SOX3, is thought to be involved in neuronal development and its loss may partly explain the more severe phenotypes of our patients.

journal_name

Hum Genet

journal_title

Human genetics

authors

Wolff DJ,Gustashaw KM,Zurcher V,Ko L,White W,Weiss L,Van Dyke DL,Schwartz S,Willard HF

doi

10.1007/s004390050501

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1997-08-01 00:00:00

pages

256-61

issue

eissn

0340-6717

issn

1432-1203

journal_volume

100

pub_type

杂志文章

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Deletions in Xq26.3-q27.3 including FMR1 result in a severe phenotype in a male and variable phenotypes in females depending upon the X inactivation pattern.