Abstract:
:Many tasks require the arm to move from its initial position to a specified target position, but leave us free to choose the trajectory between them. This paper presents and tests the hypothesis that trajectories are chosen to minimize metabolic energy costs. Costs are calculated for the range of possible trajectories, for movements between the end points used in previously published experiments. Calculated energy minimizing trajectories for a model with biarticular elbow muscles agree well with observed trajectories for fast movements. Good agreement is also obtained for slow movements if they are assumed to be performed by slower muscles. A model in which all muscles are uniarticular is less successful in predicting observed trajectories. The effects of loads and of reversing the direction of movement are investigated.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Alexander RMdoi
10.1007/s004220050324subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-01 00:00:00pages
97-105issue
2eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It is generally held that the right and left middle ears of mammals are acoustically isolated from each other, such that mammals must rely on neural computation to derive sound localisation cues. There are, however, some unusual species in which the middle ear cavities intercommunicate, in which case each ear might be...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00355690
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-008-0251-z
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00422-011-0451-9
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0511-9
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00007963
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00354987
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00