Abstract:
:A total of four pathways are known for the catabolism by microorganisms of gentisate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate) and homogentisate (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate). Both of these dihydric phenols can be degraded by either a glutathione-dependent or a glutathione-independent reaction sequence. We found that it is not always possible to unequivocally assign glutathione dependence or independence to a particular catabolic sequence by using the well-established spectrophotometric assays at 330 nm (gentisate pathway) or 320 nm (homogentisate pathway). This paper reports a modification of the classical spectrophotometric assays that allowed an unequivocal differentiation between glutathion-dependent and glutathione-independent pathways, even when crude cell extracts contained significant quantities of cell-derived, reduced glutathione. This was accomplished by performing assays in the presence of an approximately 10(-3) M solution of the sulfhydryl-binding agent N-ethylmaleimide.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Crawford RL,Frick TDdoi
10.1128/AEM.34.2.170-174.1977subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-08-01 00:00:00pages
170-4issue
2eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Deletion of chromosomally inserted gene sequences from Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a xylem-inhabiting endophyte, was studied in vitro and in planta. We found that nonreplicating plasmid pCG610, which conferred resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline and contained segments of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis genomic ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.12.3522-3528.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laccases couple the oxidation of phenolic compounds to the reduction of molecular oxygen and thus span a wide variety of applications. While laccases of eukaryotes and bacteria are well characterized, these enzymes have not been described in archaea. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a laccase (...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01757-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls proceeds by a well-studied pathway which produces benzoate and 2-hydroxypent-2,4-dienoate (or, in the case of polychlorinated biphenyls, the chlorinated derivatives of these compounds). Pseudomonas cepacia P166 utilizes 4-chlorobiphenyl for growth and pro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.2.443-447.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Butane-oxidizing Arthrobacter (ATCC 27778) bacteria were shown to degrade low concentrations of methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE; range, 100 to 800 microg/liter) with an apparent half-saturation concentration (K(s)) of 2.14 mg/liter and a maximum substrate utilization rate (k(c)) of 0.43 mg/mg of total suspended solids per ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.5.2197-2201.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium acetobutylicum is not able to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon source since it cannot reoxidize the excess of NADH generated by glycerol catabolism. Nevertheless, when the pSPD5 plasmid, carrying the NADH-consuming 1,3-propanediol pathway from C. butyricum VPI 3266, was introduced into C. acetobutylicum...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.96-101.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the course of immunologic studies involving the gastrointestinal colonization of mice with Candida albicans, it became apparent that the animals were being exposed to large numbers of Aspergillus fumigatus spores which interfered with the C. albicans colonization. To determine the source of the A. fumigatus exp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.6.2297-2301.1995
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entomopathogenic fungi can produce a series of chitinases, some of which act synergistically with proteases to degrade insect cuticle. However, chitinase involvement in insect fungus pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. In this paper, an endochitinase, Bbchit1, was purified to homogeneity from liquid culture...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.1.363-370.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional three-domain fungal and bacterial laccases have been extensively studied for their significance in various biotechnological applications. Growing molecular evidence points to a wide occurrence of more recently recognized two-domain laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) genes in Streptomyces spp. However,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00223-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b produces an extracellular copper-binding ligand (CBL) with high affinity for copper. Wild-type cells and mutants that express soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) in the presence and absence of copper (sMMOc) were used to obtain cell exudates that were separated and analyzed by size exc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.3.1115-1122.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of various nitrogen sources and of the cultivation time on the biosynthesis of N-labelled azoverdin were studied in batch cultures of Azomonas macrocytogenes ATCC 12334. Growth for 48 h in the presence of ammonium sulfate (0.2 g/liter) resulted in 95% labelling of azoverdin with N. A growth-related synthes...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.12.4605-4607.1994
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coumarin concentrations that inhibited growth of Pythium sp. rapidly decreased the rate of incorporation of [14C]glucose into the mycelium. Coumarin also reduced drastically the carbohydrate and protein content of the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, the amino acid content and cell wall fraction. Enzymes related to ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.3.258-262.1977
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing knowledge of Synechococcus spp. and their co-occurring cyanophages in oceanic and coastal water, little is known about their abundance, distribution, and interactions in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine ecosystem. A 5-year interannual survey shows that Synechococcus spp. and their phages are persist...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00267-11
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modification of the Adler capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotactic responses of several denitrifiers to nitrate and nitrite. Strong positive chemotaxis was observed to NO(3) and NO(2) by soil isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, with the peak response occ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.1.109-114.1985
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioconversion of alpha-damascone (compound 1) was studied with four strains of Botrytis cinerea in grape must (pH 3.2). As biotransformation products of compound 1, 3-oxo-alpha-damascone, cis- and trans-3-hydroxy-alpha-damascone, gamma-damascenone, 3-oxo-8, 9-dihydro-alpha-damascone, and cis- and trans-3-hydroxy-8,9-d...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.1.15-18.1991
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated in China. However, its cultivation is strongly affected by seasonal temperature changes, especially the high temperatures of summer. Nitric oxide (NO) was previously reported to alleviate oxidative damage to mycelia by regulating trehalose. In this study, we found that NO allev...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02303-19
更新日期:2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Polyethylene glycol 6000 precipitation was found to be an effective concentration method that enhanced the chances for detecting human virus pathogens in environmental samples. Percent recoveries from eluates of fresh and estuarine waters with 8% polyethylene glycol 6000 averaged 86 for hepatitis A virus, 77 for human...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.8.1983-1988.1988
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shellfish-transmitted Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections have recently increased from locations with historically low disease incidence, such as the Northeast United States. This change coincided with a bacterial population shift toward human-pathogenic variants occurring in part through the introduction of several Pa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01168-17
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Nested PCR with three highly degenerate primers was used for amplification and identification of DNA polymerase (pol) genes from viruses which infect three genera of microalgae. Group-specific primers (AVS1 and AVS2) were designed on the basis of inferred amino acid sequences unique to the DNA pol genes of viruses (PB...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.4.1274-1278.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute gastroenteritis caused by human norovirus is a significant public health issue. Fresh produce and seafood are examples of high-risk foods associated with norovirus outbreaks. Food contact surfaces also have the potential to harbor noroviruses if exposed to fecal contamination, aerosolized vomitus, or infected fo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02489-15
更新日期:2015-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial production of biofuels and other added-value chemicals is often limited by the intrinsic toxicity of these compounds. The phasin PhaP from the soil bacterium Azotobacter sp. strain FA8 is a polyhydroxyalkanoate granule-associated protein that protects recombinant Escherichia coli against several kinds of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00662-17
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were sampled from two bulk soils, rhizosphere, and nodules of host legumes, fava bean (Vicia faba) and pea (Pisum sativum) grown in the same soils. Additional populations nodulating peas, fava beans, and vetches (Vicia sativa) grown in other soils and fava bean-nodu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.4.2276-2283.2003
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microwave radiation in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cell suspensions resulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts as well as increases in the amounts of DNA and protein released from the cells according to the increase of the final temperature of the cell suspensions. However, no significant reducti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.5.2243-2247.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 5' nuclease assay has been developed to detect viable Listeria monocytogenes. The assay targets the hemolysin A (hlyA) transcript, which is found only in L. monocytogenes. The single-tube, reverse transcriptase (RT), fluorogenic probe-based assay was formatted by using Tth DNA polymerase whose activity was modulated...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.5.2122-2127.1999
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophic microbes that are found in a broad range of aquatic environments. Although potentially significant to the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems, their abundance and genetic diversity and the environmental variables that regulate...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06268-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolates of the obligately biotrophic fungus Uncinula necator cluster in three distinct genetic groups (groups I, II, and III). We designed PCR primers specific for these groups in order to monitor field populations of U. necator. We used the nucleotide sequences of the gene that encodes eburicol 14alpha-demethylase (...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3950-3954.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and has been established as a model organism to study bacterial biofilm formation. At least three exopolysaccharides (alginate, Psl, and Pel) contribute to the formation of biofilms in this organism. Here mutants deficient in the production of one or more of th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00637-11
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas, an important infectious disease in the swine industry. In Japan, the incidence of acute swine erysipelas due to E. rhusiopathiae serovar 1a has recently increased markedly. To study the genetic relatedness of the strains from the recent cases, we analyzed 34 E. rhu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00130-17
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The biological impact of 24-h ("chronic") chromium(VI) [Cr(VI) or chromate] exposure on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was assessed by analyzing cellular morphology as well as genome-wide differential gene and protein expression profiles. Cells challenged aerobically with an initial chromate concentration of 0.3 mM in com...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00813-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contamination of soil and water with heavy metals and metalloids is a serious environmental problem. Cadmium and arsenic are major environmental contaminants that pose a serious threat to human health. Although toxicities of cadmium and arsenic to living organisms have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanism...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01339-20
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus mutans 6715-15 and Streptococcus sanguis 10558 were grown together in continuous culture with glucose as the limiting carbon source. The relationship of growth rate to substrate concentration was determined for pure cultures of each organism in continuous and batch cultures. A model based on competition ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.4.1277-1282.1983
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00