Abstract:
:Experimentally introduced tension on kinetochores and their centromeres has been shown to stabilize kinetochore attachment to microtubules, modify kinetochore directional instability, and regulate cell-cycle progression into anaphase. In mitosis, kinetochore tension and the stretch of centromere chromatin are produced by the movement of sister kinetochores toward opposite poles and astral ejection forces on the chromosome arms. However, newt lung cell kinetochores oscillate between poleward and away from the pole motility states throughout mitosis, indicating kinetochores are not under constant tension. To test whether kinetochores are under net tension while they are oscillating, and how often they are under compression and pushing into the chromosome, we measured the distance between sister kinetochores in newt lung cells using both video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy (VE-DIC) and immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that for chromosomes in which sister kinetochores are attached to opposite spindle poles, centromeres are, on average, stretched (2.2 microns in living cells and 1.8 microns in fixed cells) with respect to the inter-kinetochore 'rest' length (1.1 microns in living and fixed cells). For chromosomes in which only one kinetochore is attached to the spindle, the centromere chromatin associated with the tethered kinetochore is, on average, stretched to approximately half of the average inter-kinetochore distance measured for chromosomes in which both kinetochores are attached. We conclude that while newt lung cell kinetochores oscillate between states of P and AP movement, they are under tension approximately 90% of the time and under compression less than 6% of the time.
journal_name
J Cell Scijournal_title
Journal of cell scienceauthors
Waters JC,Skibbens RV,Salmon EDsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-12-01 00:00:00pages
2823-31eissn
0021-9533issn
1477-9137journal_volume
109 ( Pt 12)pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In situ observations of the development of hippocampal and cortical neurons indicate that final axon-dendrite identity is defined at the time of generation of the first two, oppositely positioned, neurites. Quite differently, in vitro studies demonstrated that axonal fate is defined by the stochastic selection of one ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.023143
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cancer progression. Abnormal sialylation leads to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) malignancy. However, the mechanism by which the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) mediates RCC progression by regulating ST3Gal1 transcription and EGFR sialylation ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.244020
更新日期:2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::The cell wall of 24-h zygotes of Fucus serratus is composed of 3 layers--an inner fibrillar layer (sulphated fucan), an outer fibrillar layer (alginic aicd/cellulose) and an exterior amorphous layer (sulphated fucan, alginic acid). The 2 layers containing sulphated fucan are preferentially thickened at the rhizoid pol...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The co-repressor proteins SMRT and NCoR concentrate in specific subnuclear compartments and function with DNA-binding factors to inhibit transcription. To provide detailed mechanistic understanding of these activities, this study tested the hypothesis that functional interactions with transcription factors, such as th...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.02450
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sorting endosomes (SEs) are the regulatory hubs for sorting cargo to multiple organelles, including lysosome-related organelles, such as melanosomes in melanocytes. In parallel, melanosome biogenesis is initiated from SEs with the processing and sequential transport of melanocyte-specific proteins toward maturing mela...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.216226
更新日期:2018-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The apical region of the Drosophila testis contains a niche with two stem cell populations: germline stem cells (GSCs) and cyst progenitor cells (CPCs). Asymmetrical division of these stem cells leads to gonioblast daughters (which undergo further mitoses) and cyst cell daughters (which withdraw from the cell cycle an...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.049957
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the eukaryotic cell, a protein quality control process termed endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) rids the ER of aberrant proteins and unassembled components of protein complexes that fail to reach a transport-competent state. To identify novel genes required for ERAD, we devised a rapid immunoassay...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.00439
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated at the electron microscope level the fate of the three intranuclear structures known to accumulate snRNPs, and which correspond to the punctuate immunofluorescent staining pattern (the coiled bodies, the clusters of interchromatin granules and the interchromatin granule-associated zones) after exposure...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the cytoskeletal structure of cultured A10 smooth muscle cells induced by calyculin-A (CL-A), a potent inhibitor of types 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, were analyzed using indirect fluorescence techniques. In the presence of 1 x 10(-7) M CL-A the cells became round and subsequently detached from the substr...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies using GFP-tagged markers and time-lapse microscopy have allowed direct visualisation of membrane traffic in the secretory pathway in living mammalian cells. This work shows that larger membrane structures, 300-500 nm in size, are the vehicles responsible for long distance, microtubule-dependent ER-to-Go...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The end1 mutant belongs to a group of four vacuolar protein sorting mutants (class C vps) that lack a morphologically distinguishable and functional vacuole. These mutants share several other phenotypes, such as the inability to grow at 37 degrees C or on nonfermentable carbon sources. We show that, as in the case of ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian lens consists of an aged core of quiescent cells enveloped by a layer of synthetically active cells. Abundant gap junctions within and between these cell populations ensure that the lens functions as an electrical syncytium and facilitates the exchange of small molecules between surface and core cells. I...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.00738
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Basement membranes are complex extracellular matrices contributing to the regulation of growth, migration and differentiation of many cell types. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the deposition and assembly of basement membrane from its constituents. We have investigated the role of extracellul...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncR...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1242/jcs.246744
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a series of diploid mutants divides at smaller cell sizes than wild type. In these smaller strains, the mean gene concentration (defined by previous authors as the DNA to protein ratio) is higher than in wild type. Such an increase in gene concentration should also incre...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human peripheral blood eosinophils attach to and flatten down onto antibody-coated surfaces and subsequently degranulate. An antibody-coated surface was prepared by treating a layer of agar, containing tetanus toxoid antigen and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), with human anti-tetanus immunoglobin. Changes in eosi...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pieces of small intestine from newborn, I- and 6-day-old piglets were incubated in vitro and ligated segments were incubated in vivo with polycationic ferritin (PCF) to determine the distribution and possible role in protein uptake of anionic sites on membranes at the luminal surfaces of the epithelial cells. Most PCF...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compartmentalization of membrane transport and signaling processes is of pivotal importance to eukaryotic cell function. While plasma membrane compartmentalization and dynamics are well known to depend on the scaffolding function of septin GTPases, the roles of septins at intracellular membranes have remained largely ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.225557
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diploid yeast, like most eukaryotes, can undergo meiotic differentiation to form haploid gametes. Meiotic differentiation and cell growth (proliferation) are mutually exclusive programs, and in yeast the switch between growth and meiosis is controlled by nutritional signals. The signaling pathways that mediate nutriti...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1242/jcs.00460
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells undergo a variety of physiological processes, including division, migration and differentiation, under the influence of endogenous electrical cues, which are generated physiologically and pathologically in the extracellular and sometimes intracellular spaces. These signals are transduced to regulate cell behavio...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.023564
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recruitment of secretory vesicles to the cell surface is essential for the sustained secretion of insulin in response to glucose. At present, the molecular motors involved in this movement, and the mechanisms whereby they may be regulated, are undefined. To investigate the role of kinesin family members, we labelled d...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.00083
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macroautophagy is morphologically characterized by autophagosome formation. Autophagosomes are double-membraned vesicles that sequester cytoplasmic components for further degradation in the lysosome. Basal autophagy is paramount for intracellular quality control in post-mitotic cells but, surprisingly, the number of a...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.188060
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for proper segregation of the genome in mitosis and meiosis. Central to this process is cohesin, a multi-protein complex conserved from yeast to human. Previous genetic studies in fungi have identified Pds5/BimD/Spo76 as an additional factor implicated in cohesion. Here we descri...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.02355
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::SARA, an early endosomal protein, plays a key role in TGFβ signalling, as it presents SMAD2 and SMAD3 for phosphorylation by the activated TGFβ receptors. Here, we show that ERBIN is a new SARA-interacting protein that can be recruited by SARA to early endosomes. ERBIN was recently shown to bind and segregate phosphor...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.062307
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. The CSN sequesters inactive CRL4(Ddb2), which rapidly dissociates from the CSN upon DNA damage. Here we systematically ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.043539
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapy used clinically to promote healing. Using live-cell imaging we show that LIPUS stimulation, acting through integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions, rapidly induces Rac1 activation associated with dramatic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Our study demonstrates tha...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.192781
更新日期:2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::A scanning electron-microscope study has established that there are major modifications in the surface membranes of malignant cells transformed from the pronephric kidney of the frog. Tumours were induced in vivo after exposure of embryos Lucké Herpes virus. A pronephric cell line from normal embryos and 3 tumour cell...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Using L cells expressing one of three functional E-cadherin constructs, the wild-type, a chimeric molecule with alpha-catenin (EalphaC), and a tail-less one, we determined the effect of v-Src expression on E-cadherin-mediated adhe...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the role of Pav-KLP, a kinesin-6, in the coordination of spindle and cortical dynamics during mitosis in Drosophila embryos. In vitro, Pav-KLP behaves as a dimer. In vivo, it localizes to mitotic spindles and furrows. Inhibition of Pav-KLP causes defects in both spindle dynamics and furrow ingression, ...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1242/jcs.064048
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Swiss 3T3 cells are treated with colcemid for 60 min (0.5-2 micrograms/ml), although the cytoplasmic network of microtubules is considerably reduced, a significant but variable number of microtubules remain. These residual microtubules appear to converge on a single, usually ciliated, organizing centre. In contra...
journal_title:Journal of cell science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00