Abstract:
:IAPP has been postulated to have a role as a modulating factor in glucose homoeostasis and to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes. However, the normal physiological functions of the peptide remain obscure: exogenous IAPP acts on many experimental systems to modulate nutrient supply and metabolism but there is no evidence to suggest that circulating IAPP has an aetiological role in the onset of Type-2 diabetes. Amyloid deposits formed from polymerized IAPP progressively accumulate in the islets of Type-2 diabetic patients. These insoluble deposits do not precipitate the onset of hyperglycaemia in Type-2 diabetes, but progressive accumulation of amyloid is associated with islet cell destruction and decreased islet function in the later stages of the disease. Although the causative factors of formation of the first IAPP fibril are unknown, continued high levels of insulin and IAPP secretion as a result of nutrient stimulation or insulin resistance will promote binding to preformed fibrils and extension of the deposits. It is important that methods to identify patients susceptible to amyloid deposition are developed and therapeutic agents are produced that can reduce or prevent polymerizatin of IAPP to form amyloid and minimize severe deterioration of islet function in Type-2 diabetes.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Clark A,Charge SB,Badman MK,MacArthur DA,de Koning EJdoi
10.1042/bst0240594subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
594-9issue
2eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380150
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initiated with the influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. This process is tightly regulated by modulation of the channel open probability and channel localization. Protein kinase A (PKA) is found in close association with...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190229
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is an indispensable tool for elucidating the structure and dynamics of insoluble and non-crystalline biomolecules. The recent advances in the sensitivity-enhancing technique magic-angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) have substantially expanded the territ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191084
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350211
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) with predicted molecular mass of 56.9. kDa (BnDGAT1) was examined using microspore-derived cell suspension cultures of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv Jet Neuf). As well, a recombinant histidine-tagged N-terminal fragment of BnDGAT1 [BnDGAT1((1-11...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4+ effector T cells effectuate T cell immune responses, producing cytokines to orchestrate the nature and type of immune responses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a mediator of T cell Receptor signaling, plays a critical role in tuning the development of these effector cells. In...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190486
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe primarily detects glucose via a cAMP-signalling pathway. Components of this pathway include the Git3 G-protein-coupled receptor and a heterotrimeric G-protein, from which the Gpa2 Galpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase (Git2/Cyr1). Three additional proteins, Git1, Git7 a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330257
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Native disulphide bonds are essential for the structure and function of many membrane and secretory proteins. Disulphide bonds are formed, reduced and isomerized in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells by a family of oxidoreductases, which includes protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), ERp57, ERp72, P5 and PDIR....
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320655
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180218
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of complexes between growth factor receptors and members of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors whose natural ligands are S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) represents a new signalling entity. This receptor complex allows for integrated signalling in response to growth fact...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311220
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that yeast mutants with defects in the Ada adaptor proteins are defective in hormone-dependent gene activation by ectopically expressed human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Others have shown that the Ada2 protein is required for physical interactions between some activation domains and TBP (TATA-binding p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria during pregnancy is caused when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate within the placenta through interactions between the VAR2CSA protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and placental CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans). This interaction is the major target for therapeutics to treat or prevent p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0381337
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the primary functions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is to regulate the metabolic pathways in response to reduced cellular energy charge. Most of the known targets of the kinase are cytoplasmic enzymes involved in both catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In addition, activation of AMPK in many cells resu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310224
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of macrophage cholesterol homoeostasis is of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of heart attack and stroke. Several recent studies have revealed a critical role for the cytokine TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), a key regulator of the immune and infl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341141
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister-chromatid cohesion, thought to be primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for chromosome segregation. The forces holding the two sisters resist the tendency of microtubules to prematurely pull sister DNAs apart and thereby prevent random segregation of the genome during mitosis, and consequent a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0381639
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a novel, highly sensitive and selective method for the detection and quantification of acyl-CoA esters from Arabidopsis thaliana. Extracted acyl-CoA esters were derived to their fluorescent acyl-etheno-CoA esters, separated by ion-paired reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically. We report the compo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371423
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting of estrogen receptor is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer patients, and is considered as a keystone of systemic cancer therapy. Likewise, HER2-targeted therapy significantly improved the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, indicating that targeted therap...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191055
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) is a member of the PPP family of Ser/Thr phosphatases involved in intracellular signaling. PP6 is conserved among all eukaryotes, and genetics in model organisms indicates it has non-redundant functions relative to other PPP phosphatases. PP6 functions in association with conserved SAPS sub...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160169
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tribbles (TRIB) proteins are pseudokinase mediators of eukaryotic signalling that have evolved important roles in lipoprotein metabolism, immune function and cellular differentiation and proliferation. In addition, an evolutionary-conserved modulation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathways highlights them as novel and rather...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150109
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structure-based design has gained credibility as a valuable component of the modern drug discovery process. The technique of SSNMR (solid-state NMR) promises to be a useful counterpart to the conventional experimental techniques of X-ray crystallography and solution-state NMR for providing structural features of drug ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350985
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The giant cytoskeletal kinases of the titin-like family are emerging as key mediators of stretch-sensing in muscle. It is thought that their elastic conformational deformation during muscle function regulates both their catalysis and the recruitment of regulatory proteins to signalosomes that assemble in their vicinit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130085
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels; however, early reperfusion can cause BBB (blood-brain barrier) injury, leading to cerebral oedema and/or devastating brain haemorrhage. These complications of early reperfusion, which result from excess production of ROS (reactive ox...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341366
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large single crystals (up to 1 mm in each dimension) of the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 have been grown in the presence of beta-octyl-glucoside. These crystals have the space group R32 and unit cell dimensions of a = b = 119.9 A and c = 297.0 A. Recently we have improved our ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0210039
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein aggregation is being found to be associated with an increasing number of human diseases. Aggregation can lead to a loss of function (lack of active protein) or to a toxic gain of function (cytotoxicity associated with protein aggregates). Although potentially harmful, protein sequences predisposed to aggregati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120160
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of tRNA splicing entails removal of an intron by TSEN (tRNA-splicing endonuclease) and ligation of the resulting exon halves to generate functional tRNAs. In mammalian cells, the RNA kinase CLP1 (cleavage and polyadenylation factor I subunit) associates with TSEN and phosphorylates the 3' exon at the 5' en...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20130025
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately bef...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351314
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plants, the spatial arrangement of cells within tissues and organs is a direct consequence of the positioning of the new cell walls during cell division. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have proposed rules to explain the orientation of plant cell divisions. Most of these rules predict the new wall will fol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200529
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::The 'fusion peptides' of a group of enveloped viruses that includes influenza, paramyxo-, retro-and filo-viruses are N-terminal regions of their membrane fusion proteins generated by cleavage of non-functional precursors. For the influenza membrane fusion protein, haemagglutinin (HA), the three-dimensional structures ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0290623
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140111
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00