Abstract:
:Small molecular weight chemicals may irritate tissues via the induction of the production of various proinflammatory and chemotactic molecules. The structure of these irritants is heterogenous, as is the pattern of their effects. Chemicals are potentially allergenic (i.e. haptens) when they are able to bind proteins such as immune response molecules. Sensitization will occur when these haptens additionally induce irritation resulting from an intrinsic adjuvant's activity of the chemical. In most cases haptens induce the activation of hapten-specific T cells with a type 1 cytokine profile mediating delayed hypersensitivity. A limited number of haptens induce the production of type 2 cytokines in T cells and, consequently, allergic reactions after inhalation. Similarly, inhaled proteins become allergenic when they activate protein allergen-specific T cells producing type 2 cytokines. In many individuals this cytokine profile is associated with atopy. It must be expected, however, that a type 2 cytokine profile can also be inflicted by the action of various adjuvants types, such as biologically active small molecular weight chemicals and proteins (i.e. enzymes) and microorganisms, thereby promoting allergic reactions.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Kapsenberg MLdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(96)03676-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-01 00:00:00pages
79-83issue
2-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(96)03676-4journal_volume
86pub_type
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.080
更新日期:2017-10-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-07-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-02-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-09-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
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更新日期:1999-12-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.005
更新日期:2010-08-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.005
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-11-15 00:00:00