Abstract:
:In order to evaluate the possibility that the metabolism of pyridine may be important for its toxic actions, pyridine was compared with pyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine and pyridinium methyliodide in rats given equal molar doses of the chemicals i.p. Hepatoxicity was assessed by measuring serum sorbitol dehydrogenase, nephrotoxicity by determining increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and influence on xenobiotic metabolism by measuring changes in p-nitrophenol hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin and benzyloxyresorufin dealkylase activities. After a single dose of 2.5 mmol/kg, pyridinium methyliodide was the only compound that was lethal whereas 2-hydroxypyridine was the only one that caused significant hepatoxicity. Pyridine, pyridine N-oxide, 3-hydroxypyridine and 4-hydroxypyridine were effective inducers of xenobiotic metabolism. Thus the metabolites of pyridine may play a role, either singly or collectively, in the actions of pyridine.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Carlson GPdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(96)03660-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
173-8issue
3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378427496036600journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lanthanides, because of their diversified physical and chemical effects, have been widely used in a number of fields. As a result, more and more lanthanides are entering into the environment and eventually accumulated in human body. Recently, a new medicine, lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol), has been used to treat chron...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.02.003
更新日期:2006-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of people with no occupational exposure to Br-containing chemicals (29-54 year old, mostly women) in Japan, China and Korea, respectively, offered spot urine samples. Those in China and Korea offered 24 h duplicates of foods of the day. Urine samples were analyzed for Br by ECD-gas chromatography (ECD-GC) after...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00192-3
更新日期:2002-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative damage plays a key role in septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is known to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, biochemical parameters indicative of oxidative stress were tested in the rat heart following LPS challenge, with and without pretreatment with t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00369-1
更新日期:2001-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::When cells from the human cell line NHIK3025 were cultured for 4 days, with hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) at a concentration of 8 . 10(-7)M, the relative cell number was reduced to 38%. This effect of hexavalent chromium was abolished if ascorbic acid and chromate were added simultaneously to the incubation medium, bu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90146-1
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dibenz (b,f)-1-4 oxazepine (CR) was applied to the skin of C3H and Porton-strain mice, daily for 12 weeks. After a further 80 weeks the animals were sacrificed and examined grossly and histologically. The results were compared with appropriate solvent and untreated controls. No abnormalities were found that could be a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caloric restriction is known to reduce chemically-induced tumor incidence in laboratory animals. The effect is believed to be mediated in part by modification of hepatic drug metabolism, including both phase I and phase II enzymes. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model carcinogen, we studied the effect of caloric restr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90150-i
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of vitamin E on cell morphology and cellular protein thiols under oxidative stress was investigated in cultured rat hepatocytes with different vitamin E status. Hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of 100 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate for 24 h then treated with 1.5 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03793-9
更新日期:1996-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection of 44Ti in a chloride solution into mice produced no detectable translocation in body fluids. There was no obvious interorgan exchange up to 16 days after injection. The whole body biological retention half-lives had a mean of 642 days for both routes, another in...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(80)90177-0
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological studies in the United States and in Europe indicate, that the coarse fraction (PM-10) of airborne particulates, smaller than 10 microm and particularly the fine fraction (PM-2.5) smaller than 2.5 microm are responsible for adverse health effects, causing an increasing morbidity and mortality. Fu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00075-7
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the massive reduction of air-change rates in modern, energy-saving houses and dwellings, the contribution of volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from wood-based materials to indoor air quality has become increasingly important. To evaluate toxicity of VOC mixtures typically emitted from pine wood and ori...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.015
更新日期:2010-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluating myelotoxicity is essential for ensuring the safety of novel drugs before they are approved for clinical applications. Although in vivo prediction of the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of anticancer drugs is usually performed in rodents, the results are not always applicable to clinical treatment because dru...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.013
更新日期:2017-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Exercising volunteers exposed in chambers to as little as 80 ppb O3 for several hours exhibit impaired lung function and irritative lower airway symptoms. Comparable changes occur among children and young adults exposed to summer smog containing O3. Intensity of the response is reproducible but varies widely among ind...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03565-6
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopaminergic system dysfunction is proved to be a possible mechanism in acrylamide (ACR) -induced neurotoxicity. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has an increasingly important role in the dopaminergic system. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate effects of ACR on dopamine and its metabolite levels, dopamine t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.017
更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Work with sub-natural levels of deuterium (D) in animals has demonstrated an anti-cancer effect of low D-concentration in water. Our objective was to investigate whether deuterium-depleted water (DDW) can overturn reverse manganese (Mn)-induced reduction in life span, using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.014
更新日期:2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium-binding proteins (CdBPs) in the cytosol fractions from several organs of man orally exposed to cadmium (Cd) were examined by gel chromatography. In kidney and liver most of the cadmium (76-87%) in the cytosols was bound to metallothionein, and hepatic metallothionein contained zinc also at a similar level. The...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90160-6
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study the effect of arsenic on DNA damage, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) with or without 800 microg of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) by intramammilary injection. The animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 10 and 27 and the mammary gland tissues were collected for DNA adduct measurem...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00088-7
更新日期:2002-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::A wholesomeness feeding study was carried out in mice fed equal amounts of cod or redfish, comprising 45% of the diet. Three groups of animals received either irradiated [1.75 kGy (175 krad)] fish, non-irradiated fish or stock ration. A 90-day subchronic study, a multigeneration reproduction, a dominant lethality and ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(80)90039-9
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlordecone is an organochlorine used in the 1970's as a pesticide in banana plantations. It has a long half-life in the soil and can potentially contaminate humans and animals through food. Chlordecone targets, and mainly accumulates in, the liver, leading to hepatomegaly and neurological signs in mammals. Chlordecon...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.014
更新日期:2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine disruptor. It has been shown that it can interfere with steroid biosynthesis and metabolism. However, the mechanism is unclear. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of BPA on two isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2)...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.002
更新日期:2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Exposition to cadmium (Cd) has been linked to bone metabolism alterations and occurrence of osteoporosis. Despite its known renal toxicity which indirectly disrupts bone metabolism through impairment of vitamin D synthesis, increasing evidence argues for the direct action of Cd on bone-forming osteoblasts. Indeed, acc...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.006
更新日期:2012-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatotoxic effects of the oral administration of a single dose of 50 mg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)/kg and daily doses of 5 mg and 1 mg/kg, respectively, to cats and lizards were studied by light microscopy. Centrilobular necrosis was the main alteration detected in the liver of cats as in other animal species stud...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90172-7
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfolane is a solvent which produces hypothermia and decreased oxygen consumption following acute exposure. In the present experiment, we investigated effects of sulfolane on a behavioral measure of toxicity at ambient temperatures which would either prevent or facilitate the development of hypothermia. Adult male Lo...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90018-9
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine was measured in patients with 'itai-itai' disease, from chronically advanced cadmium poisoning. Elevation of NAG activity, however, was not so marked as that of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in the urine of patients and suspected patients. We conclude that the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90193-5
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to establish an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) for direct exposure of lung cells to gaseous contaminants. Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) were selected as model gas compounds. Acute pro-inflammatory and toxic effects of NO(2) and O(3) on live ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.004
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with oximes is a causal therapy of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Maximal oxime effects are expected when effective doses are administered as soon as possible and as long as reactivation can be anticipated. An obidoxime plasma level i...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.005
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal epithelium is the first barrier against food contaminants and is highly sensitive to Fusarium toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). Here, we explored the effects of low doses of DON and/or ZEA in naturally moldy diets on intestinal functions in piglets, including inflammatory re...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.032
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Harmonisation of risk assessment (RA) is one of the priorities for sound chemical management set by Chapter 19, Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992 Earth Summit. The benefits of harmonisation are self evident and include transportability and consistency of RA outc...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00313-0
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols. Oral toxicity of policosanol was evaluated in a 12-month study in which doses from 0.5 to 500 mg/kg were given orally to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (20/sex/group) daily. There was no treatment-related toxicity. Thus, effects on body weight gain, food...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90147-3
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal function and development. However, exposure to this metal at elevated levels may cause manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neurological symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Elevated body burdens of Mn from exposu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.024
更新日期:2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BZ-3) is a UV absorber that is used extensively in medicine, cosmetics and industry as a sunscreen and color fastener. Exposure to the chemical is through the dermal and oral route. Bioavailability of the chemical absorbed through the skin is different from that seen th...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90101-5
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00