Logarithm of odds (lods) for linkage in complex inheritance.

abstract：:The use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon in organic synthesis is a highly attractive approach, but its real world applications remain a great challenge. The major obstacles for commercialization of most current protocols are their low catalytic performances, harsh reaction...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu D,Zhang Y

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Economic experiments are often used to study if humans altruistically value the welfare of others. A canonical result from public-good games is that humans vary in how they value the welfare of others, dividing into fair-minded conditional cooperators, who match the cooperation of others, and selfish noncooperators. H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burton-Chellew MN,El Mouden C,West SA

更新日期：2016-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate remains recovered from a limestone fissure filling on Antigua, Lesser Antilles, are associated with radiocarbon dates ranging from 4300 to 2500 yr B.P., contemporaneous with the earliest aboriginal human occupation of the island. Nine taxa of lizards, snakes, birds, bats, and rodents (one-third of the total...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steadman DW,Pregill GK,Olson SL

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high resolution 1H and 31P NMR spectra of the (dG-dC)8 duplex have been recorded in low- and high-salt solutions in order to evaluate the structural aspects of the salt-induced transition of oligo(dG-dC) in solution [Pohl, F. M. & Jovin, T. M. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 67, 375-396]. The NMR data require that the (dG-d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel DJ,Canuel LL,Pohl FM

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic field fluctuations arising from fundamental spins are ubiquitous in nanoscale biology, and are a rich source of information about the processes that generate them. However, the ability to detect the few spins involved without averaging over large ensembles has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate the detect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaufmann S,Simpson DA,Hall LT,Perunicic V,Senn P,Steinert S,McGuinness LP,Johnson BC,Ohshima T,Caruso F,Wrachtrup J,Scholten RE,Mulvaney P,Hollenberg L

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in coherent x-ray diffractive imaging have paved the way to reliable and quantitative imaging of noncompact specimens at the nanometer scale. Introduced a year ago, an advanced implementation of ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging has removed much of the previous limitations regarding sample pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giewekemeyer K,Thibault P,Kalbfleisch S,Beerlink A,Kewish CM,Dierolf M,Pfeiffer F,Salditt T

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A family of nanoscale-sized supramolecular cage compounds with a polyhedral framework is prepared by self-assembly from tritopic building blocks and rectangular corner units via noncovalent coordination interactions. These highly symmetrical cage compounds are described as face-directed, self-assembled truncated tetra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leininger S,Fan J,Schmitz M,Stang PJ

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:By exploiting the cell-cycle-dependent proteolysis of two ubiquitination oscillators, human Cdt1 and geminin, which are the direct substrates of SCF(Skp2) and APC(Cdh1) complexes, respectively, Fucci technique labels mammalian cell nuclei in G(1) and S/G(2)/M phases with different colors. Transgenic mice expressing th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugiyama M,Sakaue-Sawano A,Iimura T,Fukami K,Kitaguchi T,Kawakami K,Okamoto H,Higashijima S,Miyawaki A

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the molecular basis for the tissue-specific expression of the human CD2 gene, its chromatin configuration was assessed by determining DNase I hypersensitivity and the degree of methylation during T-cell lineage commitment and development. Tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites were found within th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wotton D,Flanagan BF,Owen MJ

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to identify sequences in a randomly encoded polypeptide library that are capable of acquiring unique and stably folded structures would be valuable in the examination of protein-folding issues. The quality control system of the yeast secretory pathway prevents the release of incompletely folded polypeptide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hagihara Y,Kim PS

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasopressin's action in renal cells to regulate water transport depends on protein phosphorylation. Here we used mass spectrometry-based quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify signaling pathways involved in the short-term V2-receptor-mediated response in cultured collecting duct cells (mpkCCD) from mouse. Using St...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rinschen MM,Yu MJ,Wang G,Boja ES,Hoffert JD,Pisitkun T,Knepper MA

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is the most highly elevated hepatic miR in obese mice and is also substantially elevated in patients who have steatosis, but its role in obesity and metabolic dysfunction remains unclear. After a meal, FGF19 is secreted from the ileum; binds to a hepatic membrane receptor complex, FGF19 receptor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu T,Choi SE,Kim DH,Seok S,Suino-Powell KM,Xu HE,Kemper JK

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:M cells located in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches (PP) are shown to be the principal sites for the sampling of gut luminal antigens. Thus, PP have long been considered the gatekeepers of the mucosal immune system. Here, we report a distinct gateway for the uptake of gut bacteria: clusters of non...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jang MH,Kweon MN,Iwatani K,Yamamoto M,Terahara K,Sasakawa C,Suzuki T,Nochi T,Yokota Y,Rennert PD,Hiroi T,Tamagawa H,Iijima H,Kunisawa J,Yuki Y,Kiyono H

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal flowering time is critical to the success of modern agriculture. Sorghum is a short-day tropical species that exhibits substantial photoperiod sensitivity and delayed flowering in long days. Genotypes with reduced photoperiod sensitivity enabled sorghum's utilization as a grain crop in temperate zones worldwid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murphy RL,Klein RR,Morishige DT,Brady JA,Rooney WL,Miller FR,Dugas DV,Klein PE,Mullet JE

更新日期：2011-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane can be converted to triose dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by chemical processes with formaldehyde as an intermediate. Carbon dioxide, a by-product of various industries including ethanol/butanol biorefineries, can also be converted to formaldehyde and then to DHA. DHA, upon entry into a cell and phosphorylation to DHA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang L,Chauliac D,Rhee MS,Panneerselvam A,Ingram LO,Shanmugam KT

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A cofactor needed for the reduction of CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose to CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxy D-glucose has been detected and purified. Its spectra in neutral, acid, and basic solutions, its behavior on thin-layer chromatography, and other properties led to its identification as pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate. Moreover, au...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gonzalez-Porque P,Strominger JL

更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is a complex physiological process, primarily determined by stress-related factors revealing the hidden aggregation propensity of proteins that otherwise are fully soluble. Here we report a mechanism by which glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGAPC1) is p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zaffagnini M,Marchand CH,Malferrari M,Murail S,Bonacchi S,Genovese D,Montalti M,Venturoli G,Falini G,Baaden M,Lemaire SD,Fermani S,Trost P

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:There is no theoretical limit in using molecular networks to harvest diffusive sun photons on large areas and funnel them onto much smaller areas of highly efficient but also precious energy-converting materials. The most effective concept reported so far is based on a pool of randomly oriented, light-harvesting donor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willich MM,Wegener L,Vornweg J,Hohgardt M,Nowak J,Wolter M,Jacob CR,Walla PJ

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) causes growth arrest in most cell types. TGF-beta induces hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma susceptibility gene 1 product (RB), which sequesters E2F factors needed for progression into S phase of the cell cycle, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest at G1. It is possible, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li JM,Hu PP,Shen X,Yu Y,Wang XF

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Whether the mate sampling and choice performed by females in nature influences offspring performance is a controversial issue in theory and an open empirical question. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) females engage in an obvious and energetically expensive mate sampling process to identify vigorous males. Although i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Byers JA,Waits L

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The product of the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1) plays crucial roles in DNA damage response through its association with many proteins, including MRE11 and RAD50. However, it remains to be determined exactly how NBS1 accumulates at or near DNA double-strand breaks. Here we report that MDC1 directly binds to N...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu L,Luo K,Lou Z,Chen J

更新日期：2008-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) is a member of the beta-defensin family of antibiotic peptides found in the tracheal mucosa of the cow. TAP gene expression in the bovine airway is inducible by lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory mediators, suggesting that it functions to protect the upper airway from infection. L...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yarus S,Rosen JM,Cole AM,Diamond G

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosomes condense during mitotic entry to facilitate their segregation. Condensation is typically assayed in fixed preparations, limiting analysis of contributing factors. Here, we describe a quantitative method to monitor condensation kinetics in living cells expressing GFP fused to a core histone. We demonstrate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maddox PS,Portier N,Desai A,Oegema K

更新日期：2006-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified an adenovirus type 5(Ad5) early gene function located in early region 1 which is required for the production of early cytoplasmic mRNAs corresponding to early regions 2, 3, and 4. Mutant dl312 (lacks the segment between 1.5 and 4.5 map units) grows as well as wild-type virus in 293 cells (Ad5-trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones N,Shenk T

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A paradigm of evolutionary biology is that adaptation and reproductive isolation are caused by a nearly infinite number of mutations of individually small effect. Here, we test this hypothesis by investigating the genetic basis of pollinator discrimination in two closely related species of monkeyflowers that differ in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schemske DW,Bradshaw HD Jr

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A synthetic peptide composed of the first 22 amino acid residues of the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel inhibits a voltage-gated K+ channel in basolateral membrane vesicles from Necturus enterocytes reconstituted in planar phospholipid bilayers when added to the solution bathing the inner surface of this channel but not ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dubinsky WP,Mayorga-Wark O,Schultz SG

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are known mainly for their secretion of type I IFN upon viral encounter. We describe a CD2hiCD5+CD81+ pDC subset, distinguished by prominent dendrites and a mature phenotype, in human blood, bone marrow, and tonsil, which can be generated from CD34+ progenitors. These CD2hiCD5+CD81+...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang H,Gregorio JD,Iwahori T,Zhang X,Choi O,Tolentino LL,Prestwood T,Carmi Y,Engleman EG

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Misfolded proteins are eliminated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrotranslocation into the cytosol, a pathway hijacked by certain viruses to destroy MHC class I heavy chains. The translocation of polypeptides across the ER membrane requires their polyubiquitination and subsequent extraction from the membrane...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye Y,Shibata Y,Kikkert M,van Voorden S,Wiertz E,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Spantide (D-Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-D-Trp7-Phe8-D-Trp9-++ +Leu10-Leu11-NH2) was introduced as a tachykinin antagonist in 1984 and has served as a starting point in the design of new antagonists that have proven to be more effective and have exhibited no neurological side effects. The most remarkable and unpredic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Folkers K,Feng DM,Asano N,Håkanson R,Weisenfeld-Hallin Z,Leander S

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IFN-gamma treatment of cells leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 followed by dimerization through a reciprocal Src homology 2-phosphotyrosine interaction near the -COOH end of each monomer, forming a parallel structure that accumulates in the nucleus to drive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhong M,Henriksen MA,Takeuchi K,Schaefer O,Liu B,ten Hoeve J,Ren Z,Mao X,Chen X,Shuai K,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00