Abstract:
:To improve the usefulness of in vivo mode for the investigation of the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we modified the construction of SCID mice implanted with human fetal thymus and liver (thy/liv-SCID-hu mice) so that the peripheral blood of the mice contained significant numbers of human monocytes and T cells. After inoculation with HIV-1(59), a primary patient isolate capable of infecting monocytes and T cells, the modified thy/liv-SCID-hu mice developed disseminated HIV infection that was associated with plasma viremia. The development of plasma viremia and HIV infection in thy/liv-SCID-hu mice inoculated with HIV-1(59) was inhibited by acute treatment with human interleukin (IL) 10 but not with human IL-12. The human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in these modified thy/liv-SCID-hu mice were responsive to in vivo treatment with exogenous cytokines. Human interferon gamma expression in the circulating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was induced by treatment with IL-12 and inhibited by treatment with IL-10. Thus, these modified thy/liv-SCID-hu mice should prove to be a valuable in vivo model for examining the role of immunomodulatory therapy in modifying HIV infection. Furthermore, our demonstration of the vivo inhibitory effect of IL-10 on acute HIV infection suggests that further studies may be warranted to evaluate whether there is a role for IL-10 therapy in preventing HIV infection in individuals soon after exposure to HIV such as for children born to HIV-infected mothers.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kollmann TR,Pettoello-Mantovani M,Katopodis NF,Hachamovitch M,Rubinstein A,Kim A,Goldstein Hdoi
10.1073/pnas.93.7.3126subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-02 00:00:00pages
3126-31issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular complications. Here, we show that perturbation of caveolar microdomains leads to insulin resistance and concomitant up-regulation of PAI-1 in 3T3L1 adipocytes. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0405278101
更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly of protein complexes is a key mechanism for achieving spatial and temporal coordination in processes involving many enzymes. Growth of rod-shaped bacteria is a well-studied example requiring such coordination; expansion of the cell wall is thought to involve coordination of the activity of synthetic enzymes w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313826111
更新日期:2014-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::The thymus provides multiple microenvironments that are essential for the development and repertoire selection of T lymphocytes. The thymic cortex induces the generation and positive selection of T lymphocytes, whereas the thymic medulla establishes self-tolerance among the positively selected T lymphocytes. Cortical ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301799110
更新日期:2013-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::In the plant Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a preprotein and is subsequently translocated to the mitochondrial matrix with corresponding cleavage of an NH2-terminal leader sequence. To determine whether the plant enzyme could replace the endogenous ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3237
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hoxb13 is robustly transcribed in derivatives of posterior endoderm including the colon, rectum, and the prostate gland. Transcriptional activity in the prostate persists unabated under conditions of androgen deprivation and throughout the course of disease progression in a mouse prostate cancer model. To elucidate th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902001107
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria form colonies and secrete extracellular polymeric substances that surround the individual cells. These spatial structures are often associated with collaboration and quorum sensing between the bacteria. Here we investigate the mutual protection provided by spherical growth of a monoclonal colony during exposu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1708954115
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::The grand partition function for a long linear system of alternating alpha and beta sequences with the restraint of a fixed number, N(alphabeta), of alphabeta boundaries depends in an extremely simple way on the alpha-sequence and beta-sequence grand partition functions, xi(alpha) and xi(beta). When the restraint is r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.5.1165
更新日期:1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging and some pathological conditions are associated with the accumulation of altered (inactive or less active) forms of enzymes. It was suggested that these age-related alterations reflect spontaneous changes in protein conformation and/or posttranslational modifications (e.g., oxidation). Because changes in protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.2969
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assembly of the three neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin-1A, and SNAP-25 is the key step that leads to exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. In the fully assembled SNARE complex, these three proteins form a coiled-coil ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314699110
更新日期:2013-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), the aggregate impact of land use on biomass available each year in ecosystems, is a prominent measure of the human domination of the biosphere. We present a comprehensive assessment of global HANPP based on vegetation modeling, agricultural and forestry statistics...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704243104
更新日期:2007-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Bub1 is a kinase believed to function primarily in the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Mutation or aberrant Bub1 expression is associated with chromosomal instability, aneuploidy, and human cancer. We now find that targeting Bub1 by RNAi or simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen in normal human diploid fibroblasts results...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703164104
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Cdc6 protein is essential for the assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at origins of DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reaction is blocked in vivo by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p, together with its regulatory subunits, the B type cyclins that are present throughou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5611
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Phospholamban (PLN) is an effective inhibitor of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA). Here, we examined PLN stability and degradation in primary cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMNCs) and mouse hearts using immunoblotting, molecular imaging, and [(35)S]methionine pulse-chase experiments, tog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1508815112
更新日期:2015-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a classical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) factor. Loss of DNA-PKcs diminished mature B cell class switch recombination (CSR) to other isotypes, but not IgG1. Here, we show that expression of the kinase-dead DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcsKD/KD ) severely compr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1808490115
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::A mouse monoclonal antibody (7E6A5) of IgG isotype, reacting specifically with mucin-producing goblet cells of the human gastrointestinal tract, has been developed. 7E6A5 reacts by an ELISA with colonic protein eluted from a DEAE column. A screening by immunoperoxidase assay of 76 specimens from 19 different human tis...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3425
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::How climate change influences the dynamics of plant populations is not well understood, as few plant studies have measured responses of vital rates to climatic variables and modeled the impact on population growth. The present study used 25 y of demographic data to analyze how survival, growth, and fecundity respond t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820096116
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, simple, and quantitative filter-binding assay using glass fiber filters has been developed to detect the convalent adenovirus DNA-terminal protein complex. The assay is unusually sensitive because binding of protein-free DNA generally is less than 0.1%. Binding of the adenovirus complex to filters is mediated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.11.5291
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conclusive proof that the mouse egg is capable of carrying out repair of genetic lesions present in the male genome was obtained through dominant-lethal studies of chemically treated spermatozoa and spermatids and through cytological analysis of first-cleavage metaphases. The maximum difference in repair capability be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.1.435
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent synchronizations of neuronal activity, which are both a cardinal clinical symptom and a debilitating phenomenon. Although the temporal dynamics of epileptiform synchronizations are well described at the macroscopic level using electrophysiological approaches, less is known about ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1216958110
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Through a multiplex promoter spanning 218 kb, the phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1) gene encodes at least eight differently regulated mRNAs whose protein products function as the principal means to eliminate a vast array of steroids, heme metabolites, environmental toxins, and drugs. The orphan nuclear re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0438010100
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extreme animal movements are usually associated with a single, high-performance behavior. However, the remarkably rapid mandible strikes of the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus bauri, can yield multiple functional outcomes. Here we investigate the biomechanics of mandible strikes in O. bauri and find that the extreme mandib...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103
更新日期:2006-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of small molecules targeting the cytochrome bc 1 :aa 3 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggered interest in the terminal respiratory oxidases for antituberculosis drug development. The mycobacterial cytochrome...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1706139114
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal RNA, which is a component of the chromosomes of higher organisms, and whose participation is required for sequence-specific interaction of chromosomal proteins with chromosomal DNA, occurs in chromosomes bound to DNA. We have found that the DNA sequences to which chromosomal RNA binds are repetitive ones. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.2.387
更新日期:1971-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upon stimulation with anti-CD3, suppressor T-cell (Ts) hybridomas and homologous transfectants of T-cell receptor a (TCRalpha) cDNA in the T-cell hybridoma formed a 55-kDa TCRalpha chain derivative that bound both the monoclonal anti-TCRalpha chain and polyclonal antibodies against glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.14.7207
更新日期:1996-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::The structures of human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and rat liver alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were compared by utilizing isoelectric focusing, NaDodSO4/PAGE, and monoclonal antibody crossreactivity. Digitonin-solubilized alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors have an identical isoelectric point of 4.6. U...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4842
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual development depends on sensory input during an early developmental critical period. Deviation of the pointing direction of the two eyes (strabismus) or chronic optical blur (anisometropia) separately and together can disrupt the formation of normal binocular interactions and the development of spatial processin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1404361111
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) recently emerged as an essential player in the inflammatory response to bacterial infections. C/EBPδ levels increase rapidly after a proinflammatory stimulus, and increasing C/EBPδ levels seem to be indispensable for amplification of the inflammatory response. Here we aimed to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1202641109
更新日期:2012-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa (TRP14, also called TXNDC17 for thioredoxin domain containing 17, or TXNL5 for thioredoxin-like 5) is an evolutionarily well-conserved member of the thioredoxin (Trx)-fold protein family that lacks activity with classical Trx1 substrates. However, we discovered here that human TRP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1317320111
更新日期:2014-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The constant heavy chain (CH1) domain affects antibody affinity and fine specificity, challenging the paradigm that only variable regions contribute to antigen binding. To investigate the role of the CH1 domain, we constructed IgA2 from the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 2F5 IgG1, and compared 2F5 IgA2 and IgG bindin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1200024109
更新日期:2012-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical networks that have been found to operate close to a critical point exhibit joint activations of large numbers of neurons. However, in motor cortex of the awake macaque monkey, we observe very different dynamics: massively parallel recordings of 155 single-neuron spiking activities show weak fluctuations on th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818972116
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00