Chemical structure--teratogenicity relationships, toxicokinetics and metabolism in risk assessment of retinoids.

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetics and some effects of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) in humans. Nine male volunteers were experimentally exposed to 500ppm HFC-143a for 2h during light physical exercise (50W) in an exposure chamber. Blood, urine and exhaled air were sampled before, during and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gunnare S,Ernstgård L,Sjögren B,Johanson G

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant rats were given di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBT) by gastric intubation at a dose of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mg/kg on days 7-15 of pregnancy. Maternal toxicity occurred in the 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg groups as evidenced by a significant increase in maternal death and decrease in food consumption and body weight gain...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ema M,Itami T,Kawasaki H

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anthocyanins are plant pigments occurring in flowers and berry fruits. Since a phenomenon of food-drug interactions is increasingly emerging, we examined the effects of 21 major anthocyanins and the extracts from 3 food supplements containing anthocyanins on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 s...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kamenickova A,Anzenbacherova E,Pavek P,Soshilov AA,Denison MS,Zapletalova M,Anzenbacher P,Dvorak Z

更新日期：2013-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of C57Bl mice to 10 ppm benzene (the current occupational exposure limit) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week causes a progressive depression in the in vitro colony forming ability of one of the erythroid progenitor cells, the colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E). Colony growth of cells from exposed mice was only 5% of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Baarson KA,Snyder CA,Albert RE

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin is an immunologically active tissue. Epidermal cells, both keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), produce constitutively or can be stimulated to produce a variety of cytokines, many of which play important roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses to sensitizing chemicals. Tumor necrosis f...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kimber I,Holliday MR,Dearman RJ

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts testosterone and insulin-like three hormones resulting in malformations of androgen- and insulin-like three-dependent tissues. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that gubernacular lesions would be more prevalent in the DEHP-treated ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wilson VS,Howdeshell KL,Lambright CS,Furr J,Earl Gray L Jr

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In August 2003, 44 victims were poisoned by chemical warfare agents (CWAs) leaked from five drums that were excavated at a construction site in Qiqihar, Northeast China. The drums were abandoned by the former Japanese imperial army during World War II and contained a mixture of Sulfur mustard (SM) and Lewisite. We car...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Isono O,Kituda A,Fujii M,Yoshinaka T,Nakagawa G,Suzuki Y

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase 1 (Ahp1p) is a thioredoxin peroxidase of the peroxiredoxin family expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, disruption of the AHP1 gene has shown that the gene is not essential for yeast growth on glucose medium but revealed a high sensitivity of null mutants to organic peroxides, ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nguyên-nhu NT,Knoops B

更新日期：2002-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The hepatotoxic effects of the oral administration of a single dose of 50 mg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)/kg and daily doses of 5 mg and 1 mg/kg, respectively, to cats and lizards were studied by light microscopy. Centrilobular necrosis was the main alteration detected in the liver of cats as in other animal species stud...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Maduagwu EN,Anosa VO

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to high levels of persistent pollutants, such as metal mixtures, is commonly encountered by the general population especially in industrialized countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate how metal pollution in contaminated areas is reflected in terms of biomarkers (BMs) of exposure and effect in human su...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： de Andrade VL,Cota M,Serrazina D,Mateus ML,Aschner M,Dos Santos APM

更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Impairments induced by sublethal doses of two pesticides Carbaryl and Endosulfan have been studied on the ovaries of a freshwater teleost Channa striatus by exposing the fish for a period of 2 to 30 days during the spawning season. The pesticide exposure produced reduction in the number of oocytes, reduction in size a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kulshrestha SK,Arora N

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musk xylene (MX), musk ketone (MK) and musk moskene (MM) are synthetic nitro-containing fragrances. Due to their inherent lipophilicity and environmental persistence, they are frequently detected in environmental samples and especially in aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, the current environmental toxicity database of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chou YJ,Dietrich DR

更新日期：1999-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Effect of 120 days of continuous exposure of three sublethal concentrations (1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 fractions of 96 h LC50) of Basalin on alkaline phosphatase (Alk P), acid phosphatase (Acid P), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transamina...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rashatwar SS,Ilyas R

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An unusual case of fatal poisoning by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC)--a physiologically active constituent of cannabis--is reported. Methods of isolation and detection of delta-9-THC was estimated quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and photoelectric densitometry. ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tewari SN,Sharma JD

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination behaviour in simple solutions and assess the effects of complex formation upon skin permeatio...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Staff K,Brown MB,Chilcott RP,Hider RC,Jones SA,Kong XL

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The brominated flame retardant (BFR) hexabromocyclododecane was tested in a one-generation reproduction assay in Wistar rats, enhanced for endocrine parameters. A solution of the compound in corn oil was mixed in the feed, targeting at dietary exposure of 0-0.1-0.3-1-3-10-30-100 mg/kg body weight/day (mkd) in parental...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： van der Ven LT,van de Kuil T,Leonards PE,Slob W,Lilienthal H,Litens S,Herlin M,Håkansson H,Cantón RF,van den Berg M,Visser TJ,van Loveren H,Vos JG,Piersma AH

更新日期：2009-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The mutagenic potential of fluphenazine hydrochloride was tested on male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The criterion used was sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. Oregon-K males of D. melanogaster, reared on a medium containing 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/ml of the drug, were screened for sex-linked recessive le...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rao KP,Rao MS

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A short-term initiation/promotion bioassay has been developed in rat liver using putative preneoplastic foci as the endpoint for the detection of chemical carcinogens. The two protocols of the bioassay used in this study were varied according to the time 2/3 partial hepatectomy was performed in relation to when the in...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Herren SL,Pereira MA,Britt AL,Khoury MK

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase (HO) and changes in lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the livers of control and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice 24 h after a single injection o...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Christova TY,Gorneva GA,Taxirov SI,Duridanova DB,Setchenska MS

更新日期：2003-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy could lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). However, the molecular mechanism leading to craniofacial abnormality, a feature of FAS, is still poorly understood. The cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) contribute to the formation of the craniofacial bones. Therefore, NCCs expose...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zhang P,Wang G,Lin Z,Wu Y,Zhang J,Liu M,Lee KKH,Chuai M,Yang X

更新日期：2017-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in a dose of 9 mg/kg induced exocrine adenomas of the pancreas in a significantly higher rate in male than in female rats. Castration following HAQO administration diminished the incidence of the pancreatic tumors in male rats. A combined treatment with...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hayashi Y,Katayama H

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute toxicity of organothiophosphate insecticides like parathion results from their metabolic activation by cytochromes P450. The present study is directed towards the characterization of cytochrome-P450-dependent metabolism of parathion by various mouse brain regions. Intraperitoneal administration of [35S]parat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Soranno TM,Sultatos LG

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenal weight and the concentration of corticosterone and glucose in plasma of male Wistar rats, dosed orally with fenitrothion (7.25 or 14.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days were investigated. A significant increase in the relative weight of adrenals was observed 2 weeks after treatment commenced, but was preceded by an incre...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yamamoto T,Egashira T,Yoshida T,Kuroiwa Y

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic DNA is under continuous assault by various chemical species produced by normal cellular metabolism. In addition, exposure to exogenous agents adds further insult. Modification of DNA by chemical carcinogens has long been recognized as an early event in carcinogenesis and many DNA adducts have been characterize...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shuker DE

更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant CD-1 mice were given 32 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) or corn oil vehicle, by gavage, on days 10--16 of gestation. At 1 year of age, the offspring were tested for spontaneous motor activity; the mice were then killed and dopamine (DA) levels and specific DA receptor binding were measured in the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Agrawal AK,Tilson HA,Bondy SC

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:20 non-smokers on a defined diet low in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in an unventilated room for 8 h. The urinary mutagenicity in the 24-h urine samples as tested with the Salmonella (TA98) microsome assay did not significantly increase after exposure to eith...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Scherer G,Westphal K,Biber A,Hoepfner I,Adlkofer F

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal function and development. However, exposure to this metal at elevated levels may cause manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neurological symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Elevated body burdens of Mn from exposu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Stephenson AP,Schneider JA,Nelson BC,Atha DH,Jain A,Soliman KF,Aschner M,Mazzio E,Renee Reams R

更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated rat hepatocytes incubated aerobically formed measurable amounts of ethane, a parameter for lipid peroxidation. This ethane formation increased several-fold due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) depending on its concentration. Cell damage as measured by trypan blue uptake and lactate dehydrogenase release poorly ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： de Ruiter N,Ottenwälder H,Muliawan H,Kappus H

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) of 2-nitropropane (2-NP) induced lipid accumulation, centrilobular necrosis, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial abnormalities in rat liver 24 h after exposure. These pathological changes were accompanied by ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zitting A,Savolainen H,Nickels J

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated hepatocytes form thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactants, a parameter of lipid peroxidation (LPO), when exposed to cadmium (Cd). Paracetamol (Para) inhibits this response, dependent on time and concentration. Cd-induced SH-group decline, however, and enhanced plasma membrane permeability to Trypan Blue (TB) were ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Müller L

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00