Abstract:
:Retinoic acid, an oxidative metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in the control of many biological processes including embryonic development and excess as well as deficiency of retinoids has been found to be teratogenic. The effects of retinoids in normal as well as abnormal development may be mediated by two members of retinoid receptors, the RARs and RXRs, which exhibit specific temporal and spatial expression during development. Evidence accumulates that any alteration of this complex retinoid system may be related to teratogenic effects. Here we investigate the influence of toxicokinetic parameters, including aspects of metabolism and placental transfer, on the teratogenic potency of retinoids. It is demonstrated that activation (oxidation of retinoic acids; hydrolysis of glycoconjugates) and deactivation reactions (isomerization from trans- into cis-configuration; beta-glucuronidation) relate to teratogenesis. The beta-glucuronides of retinoic acids show poor placental transfer and prolonged presence in the maternal organism. Non-retinoid compounds such as antiepileptic agents may exert some of their teratogenicity via alteration of endogenous retinoid levels.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Nau Hdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03624-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
975-9eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03624-5journal_volume
82-83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Propylene oxide (PO) concentrations >or=300 ppm induced cell proliferation and tumors in rat nasal respiratory epithelium (NRE). Cell proliferation was suggested to result from depletion of glutathione (GSH) in NRE. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, cell proliferation - measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.009
更新日期:2009-03-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.021
更新日期:2016-09-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.008
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.007
更新日期:2017-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00087-9
更新日期:1999-09-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AlkD) belongs to a new family of DNA glycosylases; it initiates repair of cytotoxic and promutagenic alkylated bases (its main substrates being 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine). The modification of the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) using AlkD enzyme thus allows asse...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.005
更新日期:2012-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The changes in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution were investigated 72 hr after a subcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg Cd2+/kg as CdCl2H2O to normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Partial hepatectomy had no effect on native metallothionein content. Cadmium and MT content ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90195-3
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.643
更新日期:2013-07-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.017
更新日期:2006-04-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.011
更新日期:2016-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in outbred, inbred and F1 hybrid strains was compared using the Charles River-CD rat and mouse, the F344 rat, and B6C3HF1 mouse. These strains are commonly used in carcinogenic studies. Each strain has a consistent pattern of tumor occurrence; testicular, pituitary and lymphoreti...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90113-8
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene (ET) is the largest volume organic chemical. Mammals metabolize the olefin to ethylene oxide (EO), another important industrial chemical. The epoxide alkylates macromolecules and has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In order to estimate the EO burden in mice, rats, and humans resulting from inhalation e...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.896
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When pregnant mice were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the average time to eye opening in the offspring was shortened by about a day. How acceleration of eye opening by TCDD occurs remains unknown. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of the accelerated eye opening, pregnant mice were intraperit...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.001
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Neomycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic), ethacrynate (a loop diuretic), cisplatin (an anticancer drug) and mercuric chloride are chemically unrelated drugs which present similar ototoxic and nephrotoxic properties. We have found that all these molecules inhibit inositol phosphate turnover induced by carbachol or gluta...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90076-x
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is one of the factors that may increase the sensitivity of hepatic cells to acetaminophen (APAP) induced toxicity. To investigate the mechanisms, we exposed 3-dimensional (3D) Human Liver Microtissues, a co-culture of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and Kupffer cells (KCs), to 0, 0.5 (low), 5 (median) and...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.004
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.07.004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.015
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-07-06 00:00:00
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更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The popularity of new and emerging tobacco products such as E-cigarettes (E-cigs) is rapidly expanding worldwide. However, uncertainties surrounding the potential health consequences due to the use of such products exist and warrant further study. METHODS:Cultured A549 and Calu-3 airway epithelia were expose...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.017
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.007
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of salicylate, the active metabolite of aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphate on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) was studied. MPT is often associated with opening of a Ca2+ -induced pore. The opening of this pore leads to swelling, loss of mitochondrial membrane p...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00373-7
更新日期:1999-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of cadmium nitrate was investigated in livers of male Wistar rats. A significant increase in liver weight, accompanied by an elevation of total hepatic DNA content was observed. DNA synthesis as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, was found to be 6 times ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90020-1
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00112-4
更新日期:1998-01-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00071-4
更新日期:1997-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymatic activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase from rat brain synaptic plasma membrane were studied in the absence and presence of EDTA. The aim of the study was to examine the ability of this strong chelator to prevent and recover the CuSO4-induced inhibition. The influence of experimentally added CuSO4 and E...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00144-7
更新日期:1999-10-29 00:00:00