Abstract：
:Retinoic acid, an oxidative metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in the control of many biological processes including embryonic development and excess as well as deficiency of retinoids has been found to be teratogenic. The effects of retinoids in normal as well as abnormal development may be mediated by two members of retinoid receptors, the RARs and RXRs, which exhibit specific temporal and spatial expression during development. Evidence accumulates that any alteration of this complex retinoid system may be related to teratogenic effects. Here we investigate the influence of toxicokinetic parameters, including aspects of metabolism and placental transfer, on the teratogenic potency of retinoids. It is demonstrated that activation (oxidation of retinoic acids; hydrolysis of glycoconjugates) and deactivation reactions (isomerization from trans- into cis-configuration; beta-glucuronidation) relate to teratogenesis. The beta-glucuronides of retinoic acids show poor placental transfer and prolonged presence in the maternal organism. Non-retinoid compounds such as antiepileptic agents may exert some of their teratogenicity via alteration of endogenous retinoid levels.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Nau Hdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03624-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
975-9eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03624-5journal_volume
82-83pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have designed a low-cost, compact, head-only exposure system which is easy to use and allows exposure of up to 8 or 16 small rodents depending on the chamber used with the system. Animals are exposed without anesthesia or extreme restraint. Deflection tubes at the chamber inlet and outlet serve to provide turbulent...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90107-x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this subacute toxicity study, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 20, 60 and 180/120 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for a period of 28 days (for 19 days in the high-dose group). A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle,...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.031
更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide and the hydration of this metabolite to styrene glycol was investigated in hepatocytes, 9000 x g supernatant (S9) and the microsomal fraction from rat liver. Similar amounts of free styrene oxide were found in microsomes, hepatocytes and S9. However, on the basis of the format...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90120-6
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little information is available upon the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the airway barrier. Here we study the barrier function of Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells, grown on permeable filters, after the exposure to commercial single-walled or multi-walled CNT, produced through chemical vapour deposition. To a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.007
更新日期：2008-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty acid composition was studied in milk at day 14 and in liver at day 24 after parturition of lactating rats exposed to 0 ppm, 5 ppm or 25 ppm cadmium (Cd) via drinking water for 17 days during lactation, and in the brain of their offspring at day 19 after birth. In the liver phospholipid fraction, 22:5(n-3) was si...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.012
更新日期：2004-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been many concerns about the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. Because thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues, disruption of thyroid hormones during the neonatal period of an organism might lead to perma...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.005
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Safety assessment procedures still rely heavily if not exclusively on the results of tests carried out in laboratory animals, then extrapolated to man. There are few examples of environmental compounds examined extensively enough in both man and animals to permit a critical comparison of the accuracy of such risk asse...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90236-d
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental toxicants such as methylmercury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental exposure to methylmercury frequently occurs at low doses, most frequently through fish consumption. Although the general population is at risk for exposure, pregnant women and youn...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.002
更新日期：2013-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Similar to other types of neuronal degeneration, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the aggregation of a pathological protein, α-synuclein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal site of protein synthesis, quality control and degradation. Genetic mutants, environmental insults and other factors dist...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.019
更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews the results from past regulatory and mechanistic inhalation studies in rats with the type II pyrethroid Cyfluthrin. Apart from many chemical irritants, Cyfluthrin was shown to be a neuroexcitatory agent without any inherent tissue-destructive or irritant property. Thus, any Cyfluthrin-induced neuroe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.003
更新日期：2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead is a toxic heavy metal with many recognized adverse health side effects. The central nervous system is the main target of lead toxicity. Although many studies on lead toxicity were conducted, the mechanism of lead toxicity remains uncertain. One possible attribution is the immature blood-brain barrier that causes...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.009
更新日期：2014-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:When considering the state of the art in toxicology from an analytical perspective, the key developments relate to three major areas. (1) Forensic horizon: Today forensic analysis has broadened its scope dramatically, to include workplace toxicology, drug abuse testing, drugs and driving, doping, environmental and vet...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00293-8
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibition by alpha-phenyl-alpha-propylbenzeneacetic acid 2-[diethylamino]-ethyl ester hydrochloride (SKF-525A), which inhibits the activity of a number of cytochrome P-450s, on triphenyltin metabolism and toxicity in mice were studied. At 24 h after triphenyltin administration, the tri...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00255-1
更新日期：2000-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in lung development, but its significance in silicosis is unclear. We showed that in human coal pneumoconiosis autopsy specimens, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the Glioma-associated oncogene homolog transcription factors family (GLI) 1 proteins were up-regulated, ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.023
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is accumulating evidence that both type I and type II DNA-topoisomerases play a key role in cellular differentiation. Human HL-60 leukemia cells can be induced to monocytic or granulocytic differentiation with various compounds; amongst them camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor and VP-16, VM-26 and mitoxant...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90066-7
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfolane is a solvent which produces hypothermia and decreased oxygen consumption following acute exposure. In the present experiment, we investigated effects of sulfolane on a behavioral measure of toxicity at ambient temperatures which would either prevent or facilitate the development of hypothermia. Adult male Lo...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90018-9
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00+/-1.53, 28.00+/-2.12 and 56.00+/-4.28 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 h/day for 7 ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.002
更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) is inducible by various stimuli such as metals and physiological stress. Although elevated MT expression in certain type of tumors has been reported, there are few data available on the roles of MT in tumor formation. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined MT expression in gluthathione S...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00127-7
更新日期：1999-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on occurrence of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins [PCDDs] and dibenzofurans [PCDFs]), dioxin-like PCBs (polychlorinated non-ortho and mono-ortho biphenyls) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (as represented by the so-called indicator-PCBs: congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) in food products consumed in...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.028
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce a broad spectrum of toxic effects in various organs including bone. The most susceptible age-groups to the toxic effects of PCBs are foetuses and infants. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate changes in bone geometry, mineral density and biomec...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.003
更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A lack of well-established parameters and assessment values currently impairs biomonitoring of n-heptane exposure. Using controlled inhalation experiments, we collected information on urinary n-heptane metabolite concentrations and the time course of metabolite excretion. Relationships between external and internal ex...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.031
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of bisphenol A (BPA) and its halogenated derivatives (halogenated BPAs) to mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligand binding domain (mPPARα-LBD) was examined by a combination of in vitro investigation and in silico simulation. Fluorescence polarization (FP) assay showed that halogenated BPA...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become a crucial cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Differ from chemical medicines, TCM feature more complex and mostly indefinite components. This review aimed to clarify the classification, underlying mechanisms and targets of the risk components in TCM-induced liver in...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.026
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cisplatin is prescribed for the treatment of solid tumors and elicits toxicity to kidney tubules, which limits its clinical use. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) is a critical transcription factor that has been shown to protect against kidney injury through activation of antioxidant mechanism...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.021
更新日期：2016-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of halothane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) on the P450 system in olfactory and hepatic microsomes of bovine and rat have been investigated. In the in vitro experiments, all three compounds decreased olfactory CYP-dependent activities in microsome...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00323-x
更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated that bisphenol A (BPA) exhibited weak estrogenic activity in the 3-day uterotrophic assay using ovariectomized (OVX) and immature rats (Toxicol. Lett. 115 (2000) 231; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 118; J. Toxicol. Sci. 26 (2001) 111) and BPA also possessed anti-androgenic activ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00130-3
更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine is known to interact with the effects of opioid receptor agonists in vivo, and thus could modulate the action of morphine-like analgesics. The focus of the present work was to further study these interactions in a cell culture endowed with opioid and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.010
更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential adverse effects of hazardous waste incinerators (HWI) continue to be a subject of worry. The construction of the first and up till now only HWI in Spain finished in 1999. Twenty-six subjects employed at this HWI were divided into three groups: plant, laboratory and administration. Plasma analyses of HCB,...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.09.003
更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicogenomics describes the measurement of global gene expression changes in biological samples exposed to toxicants. This new technology promises to greatly facilitate research into toxicant mechanisms, with the possibility of assisting in the detection of compounds with the potential to cause adverse health effects...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00500-3
更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00
