Abstract：
:The disposition of methanol and its putative toxic metabolite formate has been studied in humans, non-human primates, and rodents after exposure to high, neurotoxic doses. The rate at which rodents detoxify formate is more rapid than that of primates. Formate, an endogenous biological substrate, is detoxified by metabolism to CO2 via a tetrahydrofolate-(THF) dependent pathway. Species with high hepatic THF levels, such as rodents, are less sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of large methanol doses compared with species with low THF levels, such as primates. Data on the capacity of primates to detoxify formate derived from inhalation of low levels of methanol are critical for assessing human risk from methanol fuels. Female cynomolgus monkeys exposed to low concentrations of [14C]methanol (10-200 ppm) for 2 h have blood levels of methanol-derived formate that are 100- to 1000-fold lower than endogenous levels of formate. Healthy human volunteers exposed at rest or during exercise to 200 ppm methanol for 6 h or exposed to 20 mg/kg orally have elevated blood levels of methanol, but blood formate concentrations are not significantly increased above endogenous concentrations. Deficiencies in THF may prolong blood levels of formate and increase the likelihood of toxic effects. Limited studies in non-human primates with low THF levels exposed to 900 ppm methanol for 2 h have shown that concentrations of methanol-derived formate in blood remain below endogenous levels. Thus human populations may not be at added risk of neurotoxic effects resulting from exposure to low levels of methanol.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Medinsky MA,Dorman DCdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03515-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
707-11eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03515-Xjournal_volume
82-83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:An in vivo micronucleus assay using Balb/C male mice was used to examine antigenotoxic effects of cimetidine (CM) on benzene (BZN) induced genotoxic effects. CM not only has therapeutic and immunomudolatory role, but it has also been shown to protect bone marrow stem cells from radiation induced clastogenic effects. T...
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-03-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90205-k
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.07.006
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00035-6
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.10.001
更新日期：2004-02-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90097-4
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.025
更新日期：2011-07-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90112-0
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.009
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90117-8
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-04-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03273-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.020
更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00255-1
更新日期：2000-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated i.p. with different doses of bromobenzene (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mmol/kg) in corn oil for 4 weeks. The animals were killed 24 h after the end of the treatment for hepatic drug metabolism studies. A significant induction of the activities of microsomal aniline hydroxylase (51%) ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90187-5
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic and volatile chemicals are widely used in household products and previously used as warfare agents, causing a public health threat worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of injury and mechanisms of acrolein toxicity in the cornea. Primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts cultures (hCSFs) from human ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.005
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
