Abstract：
:Exercising volunteers exposed in chambers to as little as 80 ppb O3 for several hours exhibit impaired lung function and irritative lower airway symptoms. Comparable changes occur among children and young adults exposed to summer smog containing O3. Intensity of the response is reproducible but varies widely among individuals. The (reversible) decrements in vital capacity are due to involuntary inhibition of deep inspiration probably mediated by nociceptive bronchial C-fibers that may be stimulated by local prostaglandin release, and can be modulated by appropriate pharmacologic agents. A second characteristic response to low O3 levels is mucosal neutrophilic inflammation probably mediated by phospholipid-derived products and by epithelial cell-derived chemokines and cytokines, but poorly correlated with lung function changes. Fluctuations in ambient O3 levels are associated with acute respiratory health effects in exposed populations but concomitant acid aerosol pollution is an important confounder. Whether irreversible impairment of lung function occurs among residents of chronically high ozone-pollution areas is debated.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Bromberg PA,Koren HSdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03565-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
307-16eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03565-6journal_volume
82-83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This paper compares two methods for global optimization of physiologically based toxicokinetic models: Monte Carlo optimization, which searches randomly for the optimum; and the simplex method, which updates systematically an array of parameter values. Two measures of goodness-of-fit are also contrasted: criterion fun...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90103-5
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brominated flame retardant (BFR) hexabromocyclododecane was tested in a one-generation reproduction assay in Wistar rats, enhanced for endocrine parameters. A solution of the compound in corn oil was mixed in the feed, targeting at dietary exposure of 0-0.1-0.3-1-3-10-30-100 mg/kg body weight/day (mkd) in parental...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.003
更新日期：2009-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was undertaken in an attempt to reconcile the seemingly conflicting observations that glutathione-dependent biotransformation of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothionate) by hepatic supernatant or partially purified glutathione S-transferases occurs in vitro, but not to any s...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90018-s
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of salicylate, the active metabolite of aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphate on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) was studied. MPT is often associated with opening of a Ca2+ -induced pore. The opening of this pore leads to swelling, loss of mitochondrial membrane p...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00373-7
更新日期：1999-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine is known to interact with the effects of opioid receptor agonists in vivo, and thus could modulate the action of morphine-like analgesics. The focus of the present work was to further study these interactions in a cell culture endowed with opioid and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.010
更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Male rats were administered diets containing monobutyl (MBP), mono-iso-butyl (MIBP), monooctyl (MOP) or mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) for 1 week, and serum lipid compositions were determined. Non-esterified fatty acid was increased and triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased in all monoester-treated gr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90012-1
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(1) The hypothesis that inhalational anesthetics affect G-protein linked alpha2 adrenergic signaling pathway was investigated using human platelets as a model system. (2) Alpha2 receptor stimulation by UK-14304, a potent and selective agonist, inhibits cAMP production induced by prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). (3) Brief stim...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00174-x
更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and induced apoptosis in DB...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in growth control of tissues. It is considered as a cellular suicide functionally opposite to mitosis. It may serve to remove "unwanted" damaged or dangerous, e.g. precancerous, cells. Chemical compounds can interfere with the regulatory network which controls apop...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90233-a
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid, delivered free or encapsulated in liposomes, were compared in isolated rat hepatocytes. As quantified by leakage of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes into the medium, cells exposed to free chenodeoxycholic acid displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxic response. Ce...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90216-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, acrylic fibers, synthetic rubbers and resins that are used in a variety of products including food containers and medical devices. ACN is a possible human carcinogen and a documented animal carcinogen, with the stomach being an important ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.018
更新日期：2012-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:To test the toxicity of some substances, known to affect the nervous system i.e. organic solvents, heavy metals and DDT, their ability to cause cell detachment of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells was investigated. A TD25 value was obtained by graphic estimation of the concentration needed to cause 25% of the total c...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90024-2
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of zinc (Zn) administration on the uptake and retention of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and Zn in liver, kidneys and testes of cadmium exposed rats was investigated. Exposure to Cd caused a significant increase in the uptake of these metals in the 3 organs. The administration of Zn after the Cd exposure had li...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90165-4
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PFAS are man-made compounds that are highly spread in the environment. Human dietary exposure to such contaminants is of high concern as they may accumulate in the food chain. Different studies already demonstrated the importance of the fish consumption in the dietary exposure of these molecules and the potential incr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.028
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead (Pb) alters the susceptibility to different pathogens suggesting that macrophage-mediated defense mechanisms, through activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), may be affected by Pb. The aim of this study was to test whether activation of TLR4 is a targeted molecule to the effect of environmentally relevant Pb co...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.009
更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Antioxidants of the vitamin E family have protective effects against metal toxicity. We examined the protective effect of racemic LLU-alpha [2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman] a metabolite of gamma-tocopherol, in comparison to the effect of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in rats treated with sodium dichro...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00368-x
更新日期：2001-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Groups of people with no occupational exposure to Br-containing chemicals (29-54 year old, mostly women) in Japan, China and Korea, respectively, offered spot urine samples. Those in China and Korea offered 24 h duplicates of foods of the day. Urine samples were analyzed for Br by ECD-gas chromatography (ECD-GC) after...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00192-3
更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evalua...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.014
更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as Group 2B carcinogen and is one of the main components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which are generated from incomplete combustion of automobile engines to cause human cancer or inflammatory diseases. Although many reports on the mutagenesis or carcinogenesis of 1-NP have been ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.028
更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver, which is the major organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, is also the primary target organ for many toxic chemicals. Increasing evidence has indicated that inflammatory processes are intimately involved in chemical-induced hepatotoxic processes, and like other inflammatory diseas...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00284-3
更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of T-2 toxin on the in vitro mitogen responses and the antibody-producing ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. T-2 toxin inhibited the mitogen response to concanavalin A (ConA) at a lower concentration (1.6 ng/ml) as compared to phytohemagglutinin (2.4 ng/ml) and pokeweed mitogen (...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90151-8
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro effects of mercury-selenium compounds, as compared with mercurials, against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), catalase and trypsin were studied. Inhibitory potencies of two mercury-selenium (Hg-Se) compounds, bis(methylmercuric) selenide (BMS), and a reaction product of HgCl2, Na2SeO3 and glutathione ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90052-2
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular epidemiologic research involves the identification of relations between previous exposure to some putative causative agent and subsequent biological effects in a cluster of individuals in populations. There is intensive current research in the field of molecular epidemiology, and this research has a direct i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03594-x
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of copper (Cu) deficiency on antioxidant status of liver and heart and its effect on adriamycin toxicity was assessed. Weanling rats were fed Cu-adequate (+Cu) and Cu-deficient (-Cu) diets for 3 weeks and then injected intraperitoneally once with saline or adriamycin (8 mg/kg). All -Cu rats had increased he...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90141-r
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a putative receptor in Leydig cells, modulates steroidogenesis. Since benzodiazepines are commonly used in regional anesthesia, their peripheral effects need to be defined. Therefore, this study set out to investigate in vitro effects of the benzodiazepine midazolam (...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.017
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In August 2003, 44 victims were poisoned by chemical warfare agents (CWAs) leaked from five drums that were excavated at a construction site in Qiqihar, Northeast China. The drums were abandoned by the former Japanese imperial army during World War II and contained a mixture of Sulfur mustard (SM) and Lewisite. We car...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.017
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Swiss Webster mice were given an intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg, or an oral gavage dose of 5, 50 or 500 mg/kg [1, 2-(14)C]-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, and its fate was followed for 48 h. Ethylenediamine (EDA) was readily absorbed from the gut (bioavailability, 87% measured at 50 mg/kg). Absorption was rapid as...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00252-6
更新日期：2000-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, the detrimental effects of high iodine on intelligence are gaining tons of attention, but the relationship between high iodine and neurotoxicity is controversial. This study aimed to explore whether high iodine intake may impair intelligence and the roles of apoptosis and autophagy in high iodine-indu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.020
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a significant evolution in the clinical management of the poisoned patient over the last decade. Interventions that were once the cornerstone of treating the poisoned patient have become passé or have come under intense scrutiny. The advent of evidence-based medicine has forced clinical scientists to re...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00512-4
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Styrene and its chiral main metabolite styrene-7.8-oxide are well characterized regarding their cytotoxic, genotoxic and neurotoxic properties. To our knowledge, no data exist on the influence of styrene and styrene-7.8-oxide on immune reactions. Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to environmental pollutant...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.014
更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00
