Abstract：
:Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme whose amino acid sequence is highly conserved across a wide range of animal species. In mammals, enolase is known to be a dimeric protein composed of distinct but closely related subunits: alpha (non-neuronal), beta (muscle-specific), and gamma (neuron-specific). However, little information is available on the primary sequence of enolase in invertebrates. Here we report the isolation of two overlapping cDNA clones and the putative primary structure of the enzyme from the squid (Loligo pealii) nervous system. The composite sequence of those cDNA clones is 1575 bp and contains the entire coding region (1302 bp), as well as 66 and 207 bp of 5' and 3' untranslated sequence, respectively. Cross-species comparison of enolase primary structure reveals that squid enolase shares over 70% sequence identity to vertebrate forms of the enzyme. The greatest degree of sequence similarity was manifest to the alpha isoform of the human homologue. Results of Northern analysis revealed a single 1.6 kb mRNA species, the relative abundance of which differs approximately 10-fold between various tissues. Interestingly, evidence derived from in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction experiments indicate that the mRNA encoding enolase is present in the squid giant axon.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Chun JT,Gioio AE,Crispino M,Giuditta A,Kaplan BBdoi
10.1007/BF00970738subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
923-30issue
8eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Presenilins (PSs) are catalytic components of the γ-secretase complex that produces Aβ peptides. Substrates of γ-secretase are membrane-bound protein fragments deriving from the cleavage of extracellular sequence of cell surface proteins. APP-derived γ-secretase substrates are cleaved at gamma (γ) sites to produce Aβ ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1003-6
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal excitation leads to an increase of the extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)]o) in brain. This increase has at least two energy-consuming consequences: (1) a depolarization-mediated change in intracellular pH (pHi) in astrocytes due to depolarization-mediated increased activity of the acid-extruding Na(+)/b...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1149-2
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review article, we summarize recently accumulated knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms, which control retinal development. Retinal neurons are born in two waves of cytogenesis. In the first wave, neurons of cone circuitry are generated, whereas in the second wave, rod circuitry is added. Neurons genera...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1007696112956
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The three essential amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, constitute the group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs are rapidly taken up into the brain parenchyma, where they serve several distinct functions including that as fuel material in brain energy metabolism. As one function of astrocytes is con...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9895-2
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental evidence has suggested that the high endogenous levels of taurine found in the rat heart and retina are maintained to a large extent by transport processes out of the blood, rather than by endogenous biosynthesis. When these high levels are depleted, dysfunction ensues. In vitro studies have shown that be...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00970775
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression and localization of syntaxin isoforms 1A and 1B in adrenergic and noradrenergic chromaffin cells were examined by both immunoblot analysis and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Syntaxin 1A was found in higher levels in noradrenergic cells, whereas syntaxin 1B was similarly expressed in most noradr...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1025658005937
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of focal demyelination in multiple sclerosis has been a long-standing enigma of this disorder. Cytokines, a diverse family of signalling molecules, are viewed as potential mediators of the process based on clinical observations and studies with animal models and tissue/cell culture systems. Myelin and ol...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022493013904
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Umbilical cord blood-derived marrow stromal cells (UCB-MSCs) with high proliferation capacity and immunomodulatory properties are considered to be a good candidate for cell-based therapies. But until now, little work has been focused on the differentiation of UCB-MSCs. In this work, UCB-MSCs were demonstrated to be ne...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1186-x
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect. SOD3-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells were generated by ade...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-1897-x
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons, purified by bulk-isolation procedures from 10 day-old rat brain, are 80-90% homogeneous. Contaminants are primarily blood vessels and occasional oligodendroglia. All sizes and shapes of neurons are obtained, as they are isolated from all areas of the brain, except the cerebellum. Neurotransmitter enzyme activ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00971368
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived lipid mediator, promotes survival in cells exposed to oxidative stress by inducing the activity of anti-inflammatory mediators and suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Though retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells naturally produce NPD1 fr...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-010-0351-8
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken in rats to evaluate the effects of short-term oral ethanol administration on the levels of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in brain and peripheral organs in the presence and absence of pretreatment with L-carnitine. Administration of ethanol to rats for seven days resulted in fatty acid ethyl est...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020984114824
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epilepsy is one of the oldest neurological conditions known to humankind. It is known that oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species are a cause and consequence of epileptic seizures. Although recent years have seen tremendous progress in the molecular biology and metabolism of selenium, we still know...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-009-0015-8
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) inhibits carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown in rat brain cortical slices but not in isolated membranes (1). To gain insight into the mechanisms, we examined the effects of NMDA on carbachol-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate and intermediates of phosphatidylinositol cycle accumu...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022426204583
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthetic Liver X receptor (LXR) activator T0901317 has been reported to exert neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease, but the relationship between LXR activation and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) remains uncertain. This study investigated the effect of T0901317 on membrane ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-011-0513-3
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has been suggested playing an important role in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however the underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins, and ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-014-1262-x
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice infected with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus showed a significant decrease in the GABA content of cerebral hemispheres. Activity of the enzyme which synthetizes GABA, glutamate decarboxylase, is also reduced in whole cerebral hemispheres, neostriatum, and frontal cortex of infected animals, as comp...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964333
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide has been strongly implicated in the development of tissue infarction in response to focal cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide and its derivatives can inhibit components of the electron transport chain, providing a likely target for these substances in ischemic and post-ischemic brain. Lactate content is incre...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-006-9160-5
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium-naive synaptosomes were used to assess the effects of divalent cations on [3H]acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal homogenates. Following equilibration with calcium-free buffer (containing 10 microM EGTA), calcium reversibly increased [3H]acetylcholine efflux (up to five-fold) while causing no measurable...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00966598
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human neuroblastoma cholinergic LA-N-2 cells were used as an experimental model to test the possibility that the methylation of phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) to phosphocholine (PCho) and free choline (Cho) (Andriamampandry et al. 1989) could contribute to acetylcholine (AcCho) synthesis. LA-N-2 cells were incubated with ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00966721
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain cancer. In spite of surgical removal, radiation and chemotherapy, this cancer recurs within short time and median survival after diagnosis is less than a year. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) left in the brain after surgery is thought to explain the inevitable recurre...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-1868-2
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc (Zn2+) was shown to invariably inhibit muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake by synaptoneurosomes in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. The Zn2+ sensitivity of the GABAA receptor-gated 36Cl- uptake in the cerebral cortex was comparable to that in the hippocampus, whereas the uptake in the cerebellum was ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02532346
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staurosporine was found to bring about complete growth inhibition of human glioma cell lines. U87 MG cells were arrested in S phase while U373 MG cells in G2/M phase on staurosporine treatment. Consistent with this observation, no change in G1 phase regulators viz., Cyclin D1, D3 and CDK4 was seen on staurosporine tre...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-006-9068-0
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have synthesized the tertiary amines of pyridostigmine and neostigmine, 3-pyridinol dimethylcarbamate (norpyridostigmine) and 3-dimethylaminophenol dimethylcarbamate (norneostigmine) respectively, and we have tested their abilities to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit mouse brain AChE activity. The in vivo ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00973747
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibodies to synthetic myelin basic protein peptide S82 (TTHYG-SLPQKAQGHRPQDEG) did not react with synthetic peptide S8 (GSLPQKAQGHRPQDENG) and only partially so with synthetic peptide S79 (AQGHRPQDEG); however, the antibodies did react to a considerable extent with an equimolar mixture of S8 and S79. Since the anti-...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964671
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adaptation of cells to hyperosmotic conditions involves accumulation of organic osmolytes to achieve osmotic equilibrium and maintenance of cell volume. The Na+ and Cl(-)-coupled betaine/GABA transporter, designated BGT-1, is responsible for the cellular accumulation of betaine and has been proposed to play a role...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-005-6879-3
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hemagglutinating activity was detected in a synaptic vesicle-enriched fraction prepared from adult rat brain, using trypsinized glutaraldehyde-fixed rabbit erythrocytes. The specific activity of the fraction, in two series of experiments, was 7.5 and 16-fold higher than in the other subcellular fractions. The activi...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00971856
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Editors have retracted this article [1] following an investigation conducted by the journal. After publication concerns were raised regarding interpretation of the data presented in Fig. 4. The Editors requested additional data and clarification to confirm interpretation of data results. After further review, the ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,撤回出版物
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-03077-0
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been isolated from human placental tissue. Using the chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia assay, we determined levels of NGF activity for the amnion, placental cotyledons, cord serum, fetal serum, and maternal serum. The highest levels of NGF activity were measured in placental cotyledons. ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964058
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we have previously demonstrated that treadmill exercise promotes angiogenesis in the ischemic penumbra through caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways. However, the function of caveolin-1/VEGF signaling in neurogenesis after MCAO has not been determined. In this stu...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-2081-z
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
