Abstract:
:Historically, infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been treated simultaneously with isoniazid and rifampin. As a consequence of this combined therapy, strains resistant only to rifampin were rarely recovered. However, recently there has been an increasing number of reports describing HIV-positive patients infected with mono-rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Organisms cultured from seven patients (including six with AIDS) with infections caused by mono-rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis, and seen at one New York City hospital, were analyzed by molecular techniques to test the hypothesis that dissemination of a single clone had occurred. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting and automated DNA sequencing of a region of the RNA polymerase beta subunit structural gene (rpoB) containing mutations that confer rifampin resistance showed that all organisms independently acquired the mono-rifampin-resistant phenotype. Molecular analysis of mono-rifampin-resistant organisms cultured from 13 additional patients in New York City confirmed independent strain origin. The data rule out the possibility of person-to-person strain transmission among these patients, and they suggest that host factors such as poor compliance with antituberculosis medications or decreased absorption of rifampin have been a driving force in the origin of these strains.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Lutfey M,Della-Latta P,Kapur V,Palumbo LA,Gurner D,Stotzky G,Brudney K,Dobkin J,Moss A,Musser JM,Kreiswirth BNdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564140subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
837-40issue
2eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
153pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and peptidoglycans (PepG) are major components of the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria that trigger inflammatory responses in vitro. To study the in vivo effects of LTA and PepG from Staphylococcus aureus in lungs and to determine the role of interleukin (IL)-6 herein, these compounds were...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2106045
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, fibrotic disorder underlain by aberrant wound healing of repeated lung injury. Environmental triggers and genetic background are likely to act as modifiers of the fibrotic response. Erythrocyte complement receptor 1 is a membrane protein mediating the transport of immu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200302-221OC
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) plays a central role in TLR2- and TLR4-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, a critical event in the transcriptional regulation of many sepsis-associated proinflammatory mediators. There are two haplotypes for the IRAK-1 gene in Caucasians, with the var...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200603-341OC
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder in children, in which enlarged adenotonsillar tissues (AT) play a major pathophysiologic role. Mechanisms leading to the proliferation and hypertrophy of AT in children who subsequently develop OSA remain unknown, and surgical extirpation of AT is a...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200909-1398OC
更新日期:2010-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Exposure to combustion-derived air pollution is associated with an early (1-2 h) and sustained (24 h) rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated that inhalation of diesel exhaust causes an immediate (within 2 h) impairment of vascular and endothelial function in humans. O...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-872OC
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995;152:1248-1255) that in patients needing mechanical ventilation, the load imposed on the inspiratory muscles is excessive relative to their neuromuscular capacity. We have therefore hypothesized that weaning failure may occur because at the time of the trial...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710084
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The low-affinity IgG Fc receptor, FcgammaRIIB, displays inhibitory potential in experimental models such as autoimmune diseases. However, whether this receptor is involved in the onset of allergic diseases remains unknown. This study examines the role of FcgammaRIIB in the initiation of allergic rhinitis in mice. Repe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200302-239OC
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inflammation is now recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In contrast to the sterile airways of normal lungs, bacterial pathogens are often isolated from the airways in stable COPD. This "colonization" of the tracheobronchial tree, currently believ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1525OC
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) remains a promising noninvasive index for monitoring inflammatory lung diseases; however, the plateau concentration (C(NO,plat)) is nonspecific and requires a constant exhalation flow rate. We utilized a new technique that employs a variable flow rate to estimate key flow-independent paramete...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.3.2105098
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios during bronchoconstriction measured with the multiple inert gases elimination technique is frequently bimodal. However, the topographic basis and the cause of that bimodality remain unknown. In this article, regional VA/Q is quantified by three-dimensional positr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200409-1296OC
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively investigated the mechanism of airflow limitation before and after targeted emphysematous resection in 12 consecutively studied adult patients 68 +/- 4 yr of age (mean +/- SD) with very severe COPD undergoing bilateral thoracoscopic stapling techniques. Lung function, static lung elastic recoil, and ai...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887590
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays are approved for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), limited data exist regarding their performance in HIV infection. OBJECTIVES:To compare tuberculin skin test (TST) results to the commercial IFN-gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tub...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200608-1088OC
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with kidney function loss, which may be related to changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of patients with OSA on renal hemodynamics at baseline and in response...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201403-0526OC
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of sensitization to inhaled allergens is determined by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental influences. Occupational sensitization to low-molecular-weight chemicals allows a specific immunological response to an inhaled hapten to be studied in a well-defined population with characteriz...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9807065
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:No methodical assessment of the lung, cardiac, and sleep function of patients surviving an acute hypercapnic respiratory failure episode requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVES:To prospectively investigate the prevalence and impact of comorbidities...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201608-1666OC
更新日期:2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of asthma. In the present study, the role of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation was examined in guinea pigs. In animals treated with control antibody, parainfluenza-3 virus s...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.1.7812550
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mechanically ventilated neonates, the instrumental dead space is a major determinant of total minute ventilation. By flushing this dead space, continuous tracheal gas insufflation (CTGI) may allow reduction of the risk of overinflation. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of CTGI in reducing ai...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910063
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segmental bronchoprovocation (SBP) with allergen was used in an attempt to study eosinophils recruited to the airway 24 h after challenge. Unexpectedly, in the first four patients, neutrophils (rather than eosinophils) were recruited in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and we hypothesized that the allergen ext...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.6.8004300
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in older and cardiac patients. Potential physiologic effects of in-vehicle, roadside, and ambient PM(2.5) were investigated in young, healthy, nonsmoking, male North Carolina Highway Patrol troopers. Nine troo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200310-1463OC
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In many countries the majority of patients with asthma are now treated with inhaled beta 2-agonists as required and regular inhaled steroids. Compliance with asthma medication is poor, particularly for inhaled steroids, which do not give immediate relief of symptoms. An inhaler combining a beta 2-agonist and a steroid...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.4.7697230
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrosing alveolitis may occur alone (CFA) or in association with systemic sclerosis (FASSc). FASSc was recently shown to have a prognostic advantage over CFA. Because interleukin-8 (IL-8) is likely to be a major determinant of neutrophil alveolitis, we evaluated IL-8 expression in patients with CFA and FASSc and comp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735620
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We hypothesized that ECM remodeling might result in a plasma profile of proteins specific for IPF that could distinguish patients with IPF from other idi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201505-0862OC
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:E-cigarettes vaporize propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, and flavorings. However, the long-term health effects of exposing lungs to vaped e-liquids are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of chronic vaping on pulmonary epithelia. METHODS:We performed research bronchoscopies on h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2033OC
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by dietary antioxidant deficiencies, which may contribute to an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES:Evaluate the effects of an oral antioxidant-enriched multivitamin supplement on antioxidant concentrations, markers of inflammation and oxidativ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201801-0105OC
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::At present there is some indirect evidence for increased nocturnal inflammation in patients suffering from nocturnal asthma: 1. Circulating eosinophil numbers and activation, as reflected by increased levels of ECP and EDN and low-density eosinophils, are increased at night. 2. Circulating histamine levels are increas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/150.5_Pt_2.S83
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:S100A12 is overexpressed during inflammation and is a marker of inflammatory disease. Furthermore, it has been ascribed to the group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that promote inflammation. However, the exact role of human S100A12 during early steps of immune activation and sepsis is only p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201209-1602OC
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Allergen inhalation challenge is associated with increases in eosinophil number and activation, and provides a useful model for investigating airway inflammation in asthma. Limited information, however, is available on the effect of allergen challenge on cytokines regulating eosinophil function. We investigated allerg...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767540
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute sustained hypoxia causes an early rise in ventilation, followed by a reduction in ventilation ("roll off") after several minutes to levels below the peak but above baseline. The underlying mechanism(s) of this biphasic response is unclear. Hypoxia induces changes in the release and metabolic turnover of glutamat...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/151.4.1113
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchial overproduction of leukotrienes and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis are involved in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced asthma. We investigated whether inhaled prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) attenuates the response to bronchial challenge with lysine acetylsalicylate (LASA) and the associated increase in urinar...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564100
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1976-1992 245 new cases of asthma induced by diisocyanates were diagnosed, caused by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in 39%, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in 39%, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in 17% of the cases. Our aim was to study the clinical outcome of diisocyanate-induced asthma. A questionnaire was s...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9909026
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00