Abstract:
:Preterm births account for a substantial portion of infant mortality, the major difference in mortality between African-American and white births in the United States, and the key reason that US infant mortality exceeds that of other developed nations. Although preterm birth rates are higher in the African-American community for certain known reasons (proportionately more unwanted conceptions, poorer nutrition, less sufficient prenatal care, and stress-associated behavioral risks), most of the excess risk for preterm delivery remains unexplained. Because preterm delivery is poorly understood in general, prevention strategies are limited. Future research directions should explore contextual and social conditions that might be altered to reduce preterm births in the African-American community.
journal_name
Semin Perinatoljournal_title
Seminars in perinatologyauthors
Hogue CJ,Hargraves MAdoi
10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80039-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
255-62issue
4eissn
0146-0005issn
1558-075Xpii
S0146-0005(05)80039-4journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant neoplasm occurring in the neonate and arguably the most variable in its presentation. This review examines differences in the tumor's clinical course in the context of known biologic determinants of behavior. Tumors that would go undetected except for prenatal ultrasonography...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(99)80035-4
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Newborn screening describes various tests that can occur during the first few hours or days of a newborn's life and have the potential for preventing severe health problems, including death. Newborn screening has evolved from a simple blood or urine screening test to a more comprehensive and complex screening system c...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.03.002
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic sonogram is a composite algorithm combining multiple individual markers to increase Down syndrome risk prediction. Transformation of sonographic information into a standard mathematical format represented an early challenge that has now been surmounted. Using increasingly sophisticated mathematical techniq...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.06.005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In initiating enteral feedings for high-risk infants, clinicians struggle with three fundamental questions: When should enteral feedings be initiated? Should a period of trophic (minimal) feeding be provided? When feedings are advanced, how rapidly should the volume be increased? We present the findings of our systema...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.02.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately one in ten (approximately 500,000) pregnancies results in preterm birth (PTB) annually in the United States. Although we have seen a slight decrease in the U.S. PTB rate between 2007 and 2014, data from 2014 to 2015 shows the preterm birth rate has slightly increased. It is even more intriguing to note t...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as the body's most powerful hormone system for controlling renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion and, therefore, body fluid volumes and arterial pressure. The discovery of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) was a keystone for the understanding of the ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(00)80046-4
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review documents and assesses recent trends in sudden infant death syndrome. We review medical literature, Internet resources, and national governmental data. A striking reduction in SIDS incidence of more than 50% has been observed in various countries after interventions, particularly during the early 1990s, to...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.34774
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many perinatal pathogens are able to survive and in some cases replicate intracellularly. With the exception of viruses and toxoplasma, these pathogens principally infect phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Such intracellular organisms, by evading the effects of antibiotics that act only extracellularl...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morbidly adherent placenta, which describes placenta accreta, increta, and percreta, implies an abnormal implantation of the placenta into the uterine wall. The incidence of placenta accreta has increased significantly over the past several decades, with the main risk factors include prior cesarean section and placent...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.06.014
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor access to contraception can lead to several undesired health outcomes, including high rates of unintended pregnancy, high rates of teen pregnancy, spontaneous preterm delivery, preeclampsia and maternal death. Properly addressing these public health issues often require a coordinated response at the state governm...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151272
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For nearly 30 years the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network has been conducting randomized trials in pregnant women, many of which have changed clinical practice. Since 1986, the MFMU Network has conducted 29 randomized tr...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.03.011
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this analysis was to determine the impact on specific forms of neonatal morbidity and mortality by allowing women to opt for delivery by elective cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation (EGA). According to the National Vital Statistics Reports, over 70% of deliveries in the U.S. annually are at...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.009
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poorly controlled maternal diabetes in pregnancy may delay fetal pulmonary maturation. However, diabetic women with good glycemic control have fetal lung maturation at the same gestational age as nondiabetic women. With modern ultrasound technology, gestational dates can be accurately assessed in the first or early se...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.33969
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) is an experimental treatment for severe pulmonary hypertension. Being rapidly metabolized by hemoglobin, inhaled NO causes selective vasodilation in the pulmonary vascular bed. In addition to the vascular smooth muscle, other pulmonary structures are exposed to inhaled NO, resulting in ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80046-2
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Here we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of NEC, with an emphasis on the latest research findings and potential areas for future research. NEC continues to be one of the most deva...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2008.01.004
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Lancet Neonatal Survival Series categorized neonatal health interventions into 3 service delivery modes: "Outreach," "Family-Community Care," and "Facility-based Clinical Care." Family-Community Care services generally have a greater potential impact on neonatal health than Outreach services, with similar costs. C...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2010.09.008
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and preexisting diabetes are known risk factors for increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. These conditions are more prevalent in certain racial and ethnic minorities. Identification and acknowledgement of racial and ethnic inequalities related to maternal metab...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.04.005
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unexpectedness of genital ambiguity in an infant creates an urgent and stressful situation. A logical approach, using a team of specialists together with nursery staff and physicians, allows each member to contribute expertise and unnecessary overlap of investigations. The psychological needs of the parents should...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining approach to delivery after a previous cesarean is among the most contentious areas of obstetrics. We present a framework for ethically responsible guidelines and practice regarding vaginal birth after cesarean. We describe ethical complexities of 3 key issues that mark the debate: the cesarean delivery rat...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2010.05.007
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the cesarean delivery (CD) rates have increased worldwide, operative vaginal delivery (OVD) rates continue to decline, with the United States having some of the lower rates amongst developed countries. It is clear that the use of forceps or vacuum can safely assist in accomplishing a vaginal delivery and prevent...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.021
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term sequelae of preterm birth have been studied extensively up until the age of 5 to 8 years. However, the cognitive development of adolescents born preterm has received limited attention. The objective of this study is to determine school performance in adolescents born very preterm. We have followed up a cohor...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2004.08.007
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late preterm infants (34-37 weeks postmenstrual age at birth) are intermediate between less mature preterm infants and infants born at 38 weeks or more in regard to autonomic brain stem maturation. Ventilatory responses to CO(2) in preterm infants born at 33 to 36 week are significantly higher than in infants born at ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.02.005
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twin birth rates have increased dramatically over the past three decades, and twins currently account for 3% of all pregnancies. Twin pregnancies of any type are at risk for prematurity. In addition, monochorionic twin pregnancies (25-30% of all twin pregnancies) are predisposed to a specific set of complications, inc...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.10.005
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intended and unintended effects of epidural labor analgesia are reviewed. Mothers randomized to epidural rather than parenteral opioid analgesia have better pain relief. Fetal oxygenation is not affected by analgesic method; however, neonates whose mothers received intravenous or intramuscular opioids rather than ...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sper.2002.32201
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to prevent preterm birth, clinicians have recommended cerclage for women with shortened cervical length and other worrisome sonographic cervical features in the mid-trimester, although randomized trials have not supported this practice. Emerging data suggest that preterm birth is a complex and poorly und...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2009.06.005
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early pregnancy loss is the most common complication in pregnancy. Management options for miscarriage include expectant management, medical intervention, or surgical aspiration. Non-surgical and surgical management are all safe and acceptable options for medically uncomplicated patients. Patient and provider preferenc...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2018.12.005
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuchal translucency (NT) describes an echo-free area, below the skin, in the posterior nuchal and back region of the fetus and is typically observed in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy. A wide NT has been correlated with chromosomal and congenital abnormalities in the fetus. An accurate NT measurement...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.12.004
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we have reviewed the most common CNS abnormalities seen in perinatal medicine. The prognosis in ventriculomegaly is most closely related to the presence or absence of associated anomalies. The current treatment for DWM consists of shunting of either the posterior fossa cyst or lateral ventricles. Faci...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health care simulation is a powerful educational tool to help facilitate learning for clinicians and change their practice to improve patient outcomes and safety. To promote effective life-long learning through simulation, the educator needs to consider individuals, their experiences, and their environments. Effective...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2011.01.002
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal erythropoiesis is limited by a relatively inadequate production of erythropoietin. This is likely the result of dependence on the hepatic production of erythropoietin and an incomplete switchover to renal production. The present model of neonatal erythropoiesis suggests that the use of exogenous erythropoieti...
journal_title:Seminars in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(97)80016-x
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00