Abstract：
:Proneuropeptide Y (proNPY) is posttranslationally processed to NPY(1-36)amide and the C-terminal flanking peptide of NPY (CPON). Antisera directed against the N-terminal part of NPY, CPON, or CysNPY(32-36)amide were used to identify peptide fragments processed from proNPY in biopsies of human frontal cortical specimens obtained from patients who underwent surgical treatment of profound cerebral tumors. Gel filtration and radioimmunoassays of human cortical extracts revealed that the NPY immunoreactivity was found only as NPY(1-36)amide, indicating that all NPY is present in an amidated form. In contrast, no intact proNPY was identified. NPY/CPON-immunoreactive neurons were observed to be nonspiny with long axonal processes mostly orientated longitudinally in the direction of the superficial layers. Bundles of immunoreactive fibers in the underlying white matter were orientated toward superficial layers of the neocortex, indicating a subcortical origin of some NPY/CPON nerve fibers. Axonal terminals were distributed throughout the neocortex, with highest numbers observed in layer I. Some fibers penetrated from the superficial layer I into the overlying pial surface. Many fibers were also observed in proximity to intracortical blood vessels, and some of these fibers originated from the cortical neurons, indicating that NPY could play a role as an intracortical autoregulator of the tonus of cerebral arterioles. Together these results indicate that NPY(1-36)amide and CPON are present in intracortical neurons as two independent molecules and that NPY may be involved in synaptic processes and regulation of blood flow in the human brain.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Mikkelsen JD,Larsen PJ,Kruse-Larsen C,O'Hare MM,Schwartz TWdoi
10.1016/0361-9230(93)90235-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
415-25issue
3-4eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
0361-9230(93)90235-4journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Mammals and birds are the only animals that exhibit high-amplitude slow-waves (SWs) in the electroencephalogram during sleep. The SWs that characterize slow-wave sleep (SWS) in mammals and birds reflect the large-scale synchronization of slow neuronal activity. In mammals, this synchronization is dependent upon the hi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.010
更新日期：2007-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Central administration of the tachykinins, eledoisin or physalaemin has been reported to produce significant water intake in pigeons but inhibition of stimulated drinking in rats. In this paper it is shown that high and low doses of these two tachykinins injected centrally in two much larger species, goats and pigs, d...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90247-w
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Semiquantitative analyses using northern blot and in situ hybridization suggested that TSH gene transcription is upregulated under conditions of hypothyroidism. However, no qua...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.004
更新日期：2007-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of substance P-containing fibers in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal formation of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) was studied by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody raised against substance P. The results were compared with the distribution in homologous regions of the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90057-9
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem caudate and substantia nigra tissue samples from human parkinsonian patients (PD) and age-matched controls (NC) were analyzed for uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) by HPLC/UV/ED. Uric acid and DA levels were significantly lower in the substantia nigra of PD by 54% and 85%, respectively. ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90285-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to motor disturbance, sensory deficit, or autonomic dysfunction. The role of circRNAs in the pivotal physiopathological processes of SCI has been demonstrated recently. However, no similar research has been performed to explore the circRNAs involved in apoptosis after SCI. T...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.004
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnancy involves changes in brain function that implicate a re-organization in neuronal cytoskeleton. We analyzed the content of the microtubule associated protein Tau (65kDa isoform) and its phosphorylated form (PhosphoTau) in several rat brain regions throughout pregnancy and on day 2 of lactation by Western blot....
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.07.011
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of autophagy on neuronal damage can be positive or detrimental negative. Through establishing a model of fetal rat cortical neuron hydraulic shock injury, dipotassium bisperoxo (picolinoto) oxovanadate (V) [bpv(pic)] was used to inhibit PTEN at different time points post-injury and autophagy level after ne...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.008
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To better describe the hypothalamic efferents that mediate estrogenic effects on lordosis, each of 18 ovariectomized hamsters received a 30 gauge implant of estradiol aimed at the right or left ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN). Six days later, subjects were treated with progesterone and observed for their durations of ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90094-4
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were unilaterally deprived of odor stimulation by surgically sealing one naris 1, 30 or 60 days after birth. Thirty days later the laminar volumes of the olfactory bulb ipsilateral to the occluded naris were compared with those ipsilateral to the normal side. Deprivation from days 1-30 resulted in approximately 2...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90121-1
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arachidonic acid [20:4(N-6)] has been implicated in neurological damage induced by cerebral ischaemia. Membrane arachidonate concentrations can be reduced by changes in dietary fat intake. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the effects of N-3 fatty acid supplementation on neuronal damage induced by ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90180-j
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is administered to neonates worldwide, but it is still unknown whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development during early postnatal life, despite the close association of the immune system with the brain. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with BCG or phospha...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.10.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AP-1 transcription factor family has been widely studied in the response to ischemic brain injury. The data to date have demonstrated a complex involvement that depends on stimulus, subunit composition and brain region. One member in particular, the Fos-related antigen FRA-2, has demonstrated a potential for contr...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.12.005
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the peptide transmitter neurotensin (NT) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), and taurine from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of freely moving rats were studied by transversal microdialysis. Neurotensin (0.2 and 1 microM) administered loca...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.04.003
更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we compared the depression-like symptoms induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in the two inbred Wistar and Long Evans rat strains. We also analyzed the self-regulated oral intake of nicotine in these strains and the effect of nicotine on the depression-like symptoms of olfactory bulbectomy. Furthermore...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.05.007
更新日期：2008-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The localization of CGRP mRNA in neurons of the rat brain and spinal cord was assessed by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) using a radiolabeled synthetic 57-mer oligodeoxynucleotide probe complementary to the rat prepro CGRP mRNA. Results were compared with previously published findings of CGRP-immunoreactiv...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)00201-b
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the neuropeptides and mast cells of the rat dura mater has not been reported. We examined the outcome of SAH on the rat supratentorial dura mater to determine whether dural nerves undergo effects similar to those of nerves accompanying cerebral blood vessels after SAH. Fo...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90146-3
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An enhanced production of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) now appears to underlie a number of hyperphagia syndromes. However, the role of NPY in the hyperphagia induced by hypothalamic lesions has not yet been explored. Here, hypothalamic lesions were induced in mice by administration of goldthioglucose (GTG) and br...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(92)90071-5
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine's site of action within the central nervous system was localized by studying its effect on prolactin secretion following the microinfusion of 125 nmoles of this amino acid into discrete regions of the brain. Taurine was found to stimulate prolactin secretion only when microinfused into the arcuate nucleus of t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90007-8
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral inferior olive lesions, produced by systemic administration of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3AP) produce a proconvulsant state specific for strychnine-induced seizures and myoclonus. We have proposed that these phenomena are mediated through increased excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells, through acti...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90118-j
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were conducted to determine if norepinephrine activates both protein kinase C and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in cultured rat astrocytes using phosphoproteins as markers. Norepinephrine was found to decrease 32P incorporation into an acidic 80,000 M(R) protein. A similar response was observed with ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(92)90059-7
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Together with its companion paper, dealing with the contribution of Luigi Galvani to the history of electrophysiology, this article provides a biographical sketch of the scientist of Bologna in the occasion of the bicentenary of his death. Studies on Galvani have focused mainly on his "discovery" of animal electricity...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00023-9
更新日期：1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats received bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of either AF64A (1.5 nmol/ventricle; n = 9) or vehicle (3.0 microliters/ventricle; n = 7). Four weeks later, the animals were anesthetized and their brains processed to visualize and quantify choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactive (IR) and parval...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90125-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper surveys more than twenty types of tactile illusions and discusses several of their aspects. These aspects include the ease with which they can be demonstrated and whether they have clear visual analogs. The paper also shows how to construct equipment made of simple supplies able to deliver well-controlled t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.01.008
更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mounting clinical and experimental evidence suggests the gut-brain interplay as a novel important paradigm in translational neuroscience, including the critical role for gut microbiota in modulating brain development and behavior, as well as neuroimmune and neuroendocrine responses. Animal models are an indispensable ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.003
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we investigated the ability of the dentate gyrus to independently generate cholinergically induced theta rhythm in vitro. Two different experiments were performed. In Experiment I, new laminar profiles of theta phase, amplitude, and current sources and sinks were constructed. In this experiment a gradual...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.07.003
更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic analysis aims to identify the variations in DNA sequence whose functional consequences produce heritable variations in phenotype. In one of the first successes of unbiased molecular genetic analysis in human disease, the Huntington's disease (HD) gene was mapped and cloned without any prior knowledge of the na...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.10.014
更新日期：2007-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Results using radial mazes suggest rats may have a greater short-term memory (STM) capacity than the human "magical number seven." We examined spatial STM in humans using a radial maze analog drawn on paper. Subjects were instructed to lift, in "random" order, each of 17 cardboard flaps arranged radially around a cent...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90058-j
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of endocannabinoids on synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated in a variety of species and brain regions. Relatively little is known about the localization and significance of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the avian brain. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a specific CB(1...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now generally recognized that interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the cytokines that mediate the various nonspecific host defense responses to infectious pathogens. Among its now well-demonstrated effects on systemic administration are fever and acute-phase proteinemia. These effects are also activated by the cytokine...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90185-3
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
