Abstract:
:For diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection by the recently developed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the two commonly used clinical samples are either the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) or the plasma of the infected individuals. In the former instance, DNA is extracted from PBMC. The integrated proviral DNA is then amplified using HIV specific oligonucleotide primers. In the latter instance, RNA is extracted from plasma. This is reverse transcribed in vitro into cDNA by using extraneous reverse transcriptase. This cDNA is then used as a target in PCR experiments with HIV specific primers. In contrast we have recently used DNA directly extracted from plasma of infected individuals. This DNA was used for amplification of HIV genome with primer pairs specific for HIV. An interesting outcome of this study was a model to explain the presence of DNA of HIV in the plasma. We suggest that possibly there is an alternative mode of replication of HIV. Apart from the obligatory integration of the DNA of HIV into the DNA of lymphocytes as provirus, several additional copies of the DNA are also made which remain unintegrated. These probably exist as a housekeeping repertoire of the viral genome. These DNA molecules may be released into the circulation along with the newly formed mature virion particles during the usual course of replication and release of the virus. In our experiments with direct extraction of DNA from plasma, these unintegrated DNA of HIV may act as the target for PCR to give positive signals with HIV specific primers.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Nandi J,Banerjee Kdoi
10.1016/0306-9877(93)90188-vsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-7issue
1eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
0306-9877(93)90188-Vjournal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::High fat and low carbohydrate diet, designated ketogenic diet, has been successfully used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy in a portion of patients, particularly in children. Several hypotheses have been worked out for the explanation of its beneficial effects, among others acetone has been raised as a causat...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.041
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible has been observed in conditions like Oral submucous fibrosis, TMJ ankylosis, etc. The etiopathogenesis of this coronoid overgrowth has not been clearly sequenced or adequately hypothesized, and no definite mechanism has so far been advocated to explain this elongatio...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.058
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have shown that moderately intense physical activity effectively treats various types of depression. Beneficial effects have been reported in the acute phase of the disease as well as in a long-term perspective. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that inactivity increases the risk of depr...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.007
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental retardation is a progressive condition in Down syndrome: intelligence starts to decline linearly within the first year. This phenomenon could be related to the overproduction of a toxic compound, hydrogen sulfide. Indeed, a gene located on chromosome 21 controls the production of cystathionine-β-synthase, an en...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109289
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dissimilarities in spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of water proton from one tumor to the other is due to the yield of hypoxic fraction in the tumor. The yield of higher relaxation time (T1) in the KHT tumor compared to the RIF-1 tumor as a function of growth is due to the hypoxic fraction of the tumor. The hypox...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(92)90007-y
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells have a greater need for energy and a ready supply of the building blocks necessary for the synthesis of macromolecules (nucleotides, protein, lipids) in order to duplicate genome and biomass. The hypothesis can be postulated that those precursors for synthetic processes, which can only be furnished by gly...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.002
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through the analysis of accumulated experimental data of cell growth, a model of unrestricted cell growth is presented here. This model is based hypothetically on the cellular commitment to senescence as in the previously presented commitment theory. Cells are divided into 3 types, namely uncommitted cells, committed ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(92)90034-a
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, but current therapies are often insufficient or linked with toxicity. Initial evidence in scientific literature seems to support the role of non-pharmacological strategies, including hypoglycemia, in cancer treatment. The biological rationale for hypoglycemia-based treatm...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109276
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the regular practice of mindfulness meditation is associated with increased physiological levels of melatonin. Melatonin may be related to a variety of biologic functions important in maintaining health and preventing disease, including breast and prostate ca...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(95)90299-6
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amino acid threonine contains two chiral carbons and thus can exist in four possible conformations. However, only a single conformation (2S, 3R) of threonine is incorporated in proteins by the cellular translation material. The conformation at the alpha carbon (carbon 2) is the same as that of the other amino acid...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1231
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a type of primary open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a health problem that manifests itself with low intraocular pressure (IOP) levels and preserves its importance for public health care. In population-based screenings, which take the IOP levels of 21mmHg as a cut-off for the diagnosis of glaucom...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.001
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auer rods are cytoplasmic inclusions found only in the leukaemic cells of some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The ultrastructure of Auer rods is different in different sub-types of the disease and it is suggested here that this may be a consequence of the Auer rods consisting of different crystalline forms of...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(89)90058-3
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated whether or not the anesthetic effect of ketamine in rats is dependent on adrenal gland hormones. The study was performed on two main rat groups, intact and adrenalectomized. Rat were divided into subgroups and given appropriate doses of ketamine, metyrapone or metyrosine. Durations of anesthesi...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.033
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meditation is a complex mental process involving changes in cognition, sensory perception, affect, hormones, and autonomic activity. Meditation has also become widely used in psychological and medical practices for stress management as well as a variety of physical and mental disorders. However, until now, there has b...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00175-0
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings demonstrate the vital role of endothelial progenitor cells in the homeostasis of the vessel wall and the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play important roles in repair-to-injury of arteries. Many evidences have shown Cardiovascular risk factors closely correlated wit...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.041
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Damaged DNA can lead to aneuploidy and/or chromosomal instability, which is believed to be major contributor to tumor progression. Genotoxic and oncogenic stresses-induced DNA damage activate the tumor suppressor pathways initiate DNA damage response (DDR). One of the cellular fates in response to DDR is permanent gro...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.001
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR). In the state of obesity, excess fat accumulates in the liver, a key organ in systemic metabolism, altering the inflammatory and metabolic signals contributing substantially to the development of hepatic IR. Current therapies for t...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109671
更新日期:2020-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer is caused by a combination of factors, genetic, epigenetics and environmental. Among the latter, environmental pollutants absorbed by contact, inhalation, or ingestion are major proven or suspected culprits. Depleted uranium (DU) is one of them directly pertinent to the military and civilians working in militar...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.018
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and electroacupuncture (EA) at specific acupoints have both shown promising anticonvulsant effects in intractable epilepsy patients. The differences between these therapies are target selection and stimulation parameter modulation. It has been demonstrated that EA of the extremities resul...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dyslipidemia is a common pathology throughout the industrialized world, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are often administered to treat elevated lipid levels. Substantial concern has been raised regarding the aggressive clinical lowering of cholesterol, particularly in light of a growing body of research li...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.018
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of the gallbladder is questioned in a hypothesis postulating that all bile which enters this reservoir is totally absorbed to the liver and none of it flows back to the cystic duct and duodenum. Cholecystokinesis is believed to increase and maintain a gradient of intravesical pressure which increases the ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(86)90006-x
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise role of erythrophagocytosis in sickle cell disease is not known. Using hematological data from three studies and 791 subjects comprising of eight epidemiological groups, we found a strong statistical support for the hypothesis that erythrophagocytosis is increased in sickle cell trait, that neutrophils and...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.044
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The weight of available evidence suggests that leukaemogenesis is a multi-step, complex process. Since there are different types of leukaemia, it seems likely that a variety of distinct molecular mechanisms are involved, arising from different combinations of genetic defects. It is not therefore surprising that studie...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(87)90188-5
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is increasingly admitted that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two entities of inflammatory bowel disease, are initiated and reactivated by environmental factors in genetically susceptible hosts, and result from aberrant immune response to specific intestinal microbes, in the context of altered compositi...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.03.009
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous paper we predicted that health effects of dietary fats in humans would require half a century or more to be understood, instead of the decade or so predicted during 1956 by an Editorial in The Lancet. It would seem that our prediction may have been optimistic since it has now been reported that trans uns...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(92)90194-h
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that blood-borne metabolites of gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are involved in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases and may serve as markers of cardiovascular risk. To enter the bloodstream the microbiota-derived molecules need to pass the gut-blood barrier (GBB). The ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.012
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several earlier observations by us and other investigators led us to propose a thesis that B lymphocytes, when activated by a virus, allo-antigen or bacterial protein would enter into effector arm of the immune response and cause allograft and tumor rejection or GVH-type of lesion in immunosuppressed animals. These ef...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(90)90071-l
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of the unripe fruit of Momordica charantia--bitter melon, which flourishes throughout the tropics--appear to have utility in the management of type 2 diabetes. Rodent studies suggest that the thus-far-uncharacterized active components of such extracts enhance the efficiency of postprandial glucose storage in ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.041
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plantar fasciitis has been and remains one of the most common pathologic conditions of the lower extremity. Patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis are treated conservatively with various degrees of success. This article presents a review of the literature pertaining to treatment of plantar fasciitis as well as intr...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00120-2
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expansion of the 'stable' gene hypothesis proposed previously is the hypothesis that there is a range of genes, some proto-oncogenes and some not, varying from those with multiple copies in the genome, wide distribution among species, and limited mutability because of a specific protective stabilizing mechanism of ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(95)90078-0
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00