Expression of alpha-thymosins in human tissues in normal and abnormal growth.

abstract：:Insulin provides a classical model of a globular protein, yet how the hormone changes conformation to engage its receptor has long been enigmatic. Interest has focused on the C-terminal B-chain segment, critical for protective self-assembly in β cells and receptor binding at target tissues. Insight may be obtained fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Menting JG,Yang Y,Chan SJ,Phillips NB,Smith BJ,Whittaker J,Wickramasinghe NP,Whittaker LJ,Pandyarajan V,Wan ZL,Yadav SP,Carroll JM,Strokes N,Roberts CT Jr,Ismail-Beigi F,Milewski W,Steiner DF,Chauhan VS,Ward CW,Weis

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular cloning has established the primary structures of two precursors of the human pancreas growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF-44), somatocrinin. Both polypeptides contain the sequence of hpGRF-44 flanked by basic processing sites. Furthermore, the precursors include a putative signal sequence and a carboxyl-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gubler U,Monahan JJ,Lomedico PT,Bhatt RS,Collier KJ,Hoffman BJ,Böhlen P,Esch F,Ling N,Zeytin F,Brazeau P,Poonian MS,Gage LP

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) is a global disease threat for which there are no approved antivirals or vaccines. Establishing state-of-the-art screening systems that rely on fluorescent or luminescent reporters may accelerate the development of anti-DENV therapeutics. However, relatively few reporter DENV platforms exist. Here,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoggins JW,Dorner M,Feulner M,Imanaka N,Murphy MY,Ploss A,Rice CM

更新日期：2012-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We have made direct, quantitative measurements of the lateral motion and age-dependent distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on the surface of rat myotubes in primary culture. AChR were fluorescently marked with tetramethylrhodamine-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin and AChR lateral motion was measured by the fluore...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axelrod D,Ravdin P,Koppel DE,Schlessinger J,Webb WW,Elson EL,Podleski TR

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 72-kDa spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Src-family kinase p53/56Lyn (Lyn) contribute to signaling via the B-cell antigen receptor complex. Here we show that Syk and Lyn from human B lymphocytes can interact directly. Syk and Lyn coimmunoprecipitated from mature and activated B-cell lines, and gel-purified Syk and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sidorenko SP,Law CL,Chandran KA,Clark EA

更新日期：1995-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the evolution of the mammalian sex chromosomes, we have compared the gene content of the X chromosomes in the mammalian groups most distantly related to man (marsupials and monotremes). Previous work established that genes on the long arm of the human X chromosome are conserved on the X chromosomes in a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watson JM,Spencer JA,Riggs AD,Graves JA

更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of a charge density wave (CDW) permeates much of condensed matter physics and chemistry. CDWs have their origin rooted in the instability of a one-dimensional system described by Peierls. The extension of this concept to reduced dimensional systems has led to the concept of Fermi surface nesting (FSN), whi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu X,Cao Y,Zhang J,Plummer EW,Guo J

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Two related oncogenes, TCL-1 and MTCP-1, are overexpressed in T cell prolymphocytic leukemias as a result of chromosomal rearrangements that involve the translocation of one T cell receptor gene to either chromosome 14q32 or Xq28. The crystal structure of human recombinant MTCP-1 protein has been determined at 2.0 A r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu ZQ,Du Bois GC,Song SP,Kulikovskaya I,Virgilio L,Rothstein JL,Croce CM,Weber IT,Harrison RW

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Richards J,Guzman R,Imagawa W,Nandi S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an often fatal disease primarily affecting young women in which tuberin (TSC2)-null cells metastasize to the lungs. The mechanisms underlying the striking female predominance of LAM are unknown. We report here that 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) causes a 3- to 5-fold increase in pulmonary m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu JJ,Robb VA,Morrison TA,Ariazi EA,Karbowniczek M,Astrinidis A,Wang C,Hernandez-Cuebas L,Seeholzer LF,Nicolas E,Hensley H,Jordan VC,Walker CL,Henske EP

更新日期：2009-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Sets of Burkitt lymphoma lines and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from the same individuals were compared for sensitivity to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones. Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-restricted CTL clones were generated by stimulating the lymph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Torsteinsdottir S,Masucci MG,Ehlin-Henriksson B,Brautbar C,Ben Bassat H,Klein G,Klein E

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three proteins from cyanobacteria (KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC) can reconstitute circadian oscillations in vitro. At least three molecular properties oscillate during this reaction, namely rhythmic phosphorylation of KaiC, ATP hydrolytic activity of KaiC, and assembly/disassembly of intermolecular complexes among KaiA, KaiB,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin X,Byrne M,Mori T,Zou P,Williams DR,McHaourab H,Johnson CH

更新日期：2010-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are key drivers of blood and lymph vessel formation in development, but also in several pathological processes. VEGF-C signaling through VEGFR-3 promotes lymphangiogenesis, which is a clinically relevant target for treating lymphatic insufficienc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leppänen VM,Tvorogov D,Kisko K,Prota AE,Jeltsch M,Anisimov A,Markovic-Mueller S,Stuttfeld E,Goldie KN,Ballmer-Hofer K,Alitalo K

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The probability of choosing an alternative in a long sequence of repeated choices is proportional to the total reward derived from that alternative, a phenomenon known as Herrnstein's matching law. This behavior is remarkably conserved across species and experimental conditions, but its underlying neural mechanisms st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loewenstein Y,Seung HS

更新日期：2006-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger in eukaryotes. It is formed by guanylyl cyclases (GCs), members of the nucleotidyl cyclases class III, which also comprises adenylyl cyclases (ACs) from most organisms. To date, no structures of eukaryotic GCs are available, and all bacterial class III proteins were f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rauch A,Leipelt M,Russwurm M,Steegborn C

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple protein subcomplexes of the kinetochore cooperate as a cohesive molecular unit that forms load-bearing microtubule attachments that drive mitotic chromosome movements. There is intriguing evidence suggesting that central kinetochore components influence kinetochore-microtubule attachment, but the mechanism re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kudalkar EM,Scarborough EA,Umbreit NT,Zelter A,Gestaut DR,Riffle M,Johnson RS,MacCoss MJ,Asbury CL,Davis TN

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We and other groups have recently reported the potentiation by ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors such as hydroxyurea of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in both resting and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao WY,Johns DG,Chokekuchai S,Mitsuya H

更新日期：1995-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxins are small multifunctional redox active proteins widely if not universally distributed among living organisms. In chloroplasts, two types of thioredoxins (f and m) coexist and play central roles in regulating enzyme activity. Reduction of thioredoxins in chloroplasts is catalyzed by an iron-sulfur disulfid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balmer Y,Koller A,del Val G,Manieri W,Schürmann P,Buchanan BB

更新日期：2003-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The Bam complex assembles β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins comprise cylindrical β-sheets with long extracellular loops and create pores to allow passage of nutrients and waste products across the membrane. Despite their functional importance, several questions re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wzorek JS,Lee J,Tomasek D,Hagan CL,Kahne DE

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is highly expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle, but its functional role has not been defined. NO has been implicated in the local metabolic regulation of blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle in part by antagonizing sympathetic vasoconstriction. We therefore h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas GD,Sander M,Lau KS,Huang PL,Stull JT,Victor RG

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic elements, although required only in trace amounts, permit life and primary productivity because of their functions in catalysis. Every organism has a minimal requirement of each metal based on the intracellular abundance of proteins that use inorganic cofactors, but elemental sparing mechanisms can reduce th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kropat J,Gallaher SD,Urzica EI,Nakamoto SS,Strenkert D,Tottey S,Mason AZ,Merchant SS

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The araCBAD regulatory region of Escherichia coli contains two divergently oriented promoters and three sites to which AraC, the regulatory protein of the operon, can bind. This paper presents the results of in vivo dimethyl sulfate "footprinting" experiments to monitor occupancy of the three AraC sites and measuremen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huo L,Martin KJ,Schleif R

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hrycaj SM,Marty-Santos L,Cebrian C,Rasky AJ,Ptaschinski C,Lukacs NW,Wellik DM

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Palmitoylation is a common lipid modification known to regulate the functional properties of various proteins and is a vital step in the biosynthesis of voltage-activated sodium (Nav) channels. We discovered a mutation in an intracellular loop of rNav1.2a (G1079C), which results in a higher apparent affinity for exter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bosmans F,Milescu M,Swartz KJ

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous recombination is an important biological process that occurs in all organisms and facilitates genome rearrangements and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Eukaryotic Rad51 proteins (Rad51sp or Rhp51 in fission yeast) are functional and structural homologs of bacterial RecA protein, an evolutionarily conser...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akamatsu Y,Dziadkowiec D,Ikeguchi M,Shinagawa H,Iwasaki H

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Intramembrane proteolysis is a new paradigm in biology that controls signaling events throughout evolution. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds is thought to occur within the normally hydrophobic membrane environment, but insights into this unusual activity have been lacking because of difficulty in recapitulating activity in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Urban S,Wolfe MS

更新日期：2005-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A specific lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane has been synthesized in a cell-free system directed by purified messenger RNA. The mRNA for the lipoprotein was purified as 7S RNA about 250-fold from exponentially growing cells. Protein synthesis of the cell-free system was totally dependent upon the addition of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirashima A,Wang S,Inouye M

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When purified dimers of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase molecules released by protease digestion from three strains of human parainfluenza virus 1 were used in crystallization trials, long thin needle crystals formed. Electron microscopic analysis of these needle crystals revealed that they are composed of stacks of tripl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murti KG,Takimoto T,Laver WG,Portner A

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Utilizing [3H]phorbol dibutyrate [P(Bu)2], we have developed an assay for high-affinity phorbol ester receptors in intact rat embryo fibroblasts. At 37 degrees C, binding of [3H]P(Bu)2 reached a maximum within 10 min and was rapidly reversible. The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate, teleocidin B, a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horowitz AD,Greenebaum E,Weinstein IB

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theory of "top-down" ecological regulation predicts that herbivory suppresses plant abundance, biomass, and survival but increases diversity through the disproportionate consumption of dominant species, which inhibits competitive exclusion. To date, these outcomes have been clear in aquatic ecosystems but not on l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jia S,Wang X,Yuan Z,Lin F,Ye J,Hao Z,Luskin MS

更新日期：2018-06-12 00:00:00