Abstract:
:Within-arm somatotopy was identified in multiple motor areas of six normal human subjects who performed a visuomotor tracking task during positron emission tomography (PET) measurement of relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF). A randomly moving target, presented on a computer monitor, was continuously followed with the index finger (movement at the metacarpophalangeal joint), thumb, fist (movement at the wrist), forearm (movement at the elbow), elbow (movement at the shoulder), and eyes alone (control task) during sequential imaging. Segmental limb movements were associated with relCBF responses in the contralateral motor, supplementary motor, cingulate, and parietal cortex, and in the ipsilateral cerebellum. Localization of responses after stereotaxic transformation into Talairach atlas space, as well as within-subject analysis without anatomic deformations, demonstrated an overlapping somatotopic distribution in the motor cortex, with thumb responses most ventrolateral and shoulder responses most dorsomedial. Proximal limb movements induced relCBF responses of greater magnitude than distal movements. Somatotopy was also identified in the supplementary motor area, with index finger responses dorsal and anterior to shoulder responses. An additional set of somatotopic responses were located in the cingulate cortex, also with finger responses anterior to shoulder responses. Somatotopy was not identified in the anterior cerebellum. The distribution of relCBF responses is concordant with electrophysiologic studies in nonhuman primates that demonstrate a fractured somatotopy on a fine scale and a general somatotopic scheme of the limb on a large scale in multiple discrete motor areas.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Grafton ST,Woods RP,Mazziotta JCdoi
10.1007/BF00229666subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
172-6issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Efferents originating from the rat medial prefrontal cortex and projecting to diencephalic and mesencephalic structures were analyzed electrophysiologically. The antidromic activation technique was used in order to identify cortical neurons which innervate the medio-dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), lateral habenul...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239191
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of visual contextual illusions on motor behaviour vary largely between experimental conditions. Whereas it has often been reported that the effects of illusions on pointing and grasping are largest when the movement is performed some time after the stimulus has disappeared, the effect of a delay has hardly...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4520-5
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The somatic location and axonal projections of inhibitory vestibular nucleus neurons activated by the horizontal semicircular canal nerve (HCN) were studied in anesthetized cats. Cats were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and pentobarbital sodium. 2. Intracellular recordings were obtained from 11 neck exten...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231035
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects on striatal high affinity glutamate uptake (HAGU) of an apomorphine injection administered either alone or along with an electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex were compared between intact control rats and animals with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247588
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To view different objects of interest, primates use fast, accurate eye movements called saccades. If saccades become inaccurate, the brain adjusts their amplitudes so they again land on target, a process known as saccade adaptation. The different types of saccades elicited in different behavioral circumstances appear ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2118-5
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cats the stretch responses of deafferented Ia afferent fibers from gastrocnemius muscle spindles were measured. The response properties were derived by correlating the action potentials to random mechanical stimuli applied to the gastrocnemius muscle. The muscle stretch consisted of band-limited, normally distribut...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235615
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates coordination between hand transport and grasp movement components by examining a hypothesis that the hand location, relative to the object, in which aperture closure is initiated remains relatively constant under a wide range of transport speed. Subjects made reach-to-grasp movements to a dowel...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0423-9
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent study (Whitwell et al. in Exp Brain Res 185:111-119, 2008), we showed that the visuomotor system is "cognitively impenetrable" to the extent that explicit predictive knowledge of the availability of visual feedback on an upcoming trial fails to optimize grasping. The results suggested that the effects of t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1737-1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micturition in the decerebrate cat is characterized by a coordinated bladder contraction and a simultaneous decrease in external urethral sphincter (EUS) efferent activity. Without the suppression of EUS activity, voiding is significantly impaired, resulting in a state sometimes referred to as bladder-sphincter dyssyn...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050345
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined hippocampal theta power during configural and non-configural tasks in rats. Experiment 1 compared hippocampal theta power during a negative patterning task (A+, B+, AB-) to a configural task and a simple discrimination task (A+, B-) as a non-configural task. The results showed that hippocampal thet...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3359-2
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that fatigue-induced impairment in movement accuracy is caused by a decrease in muscle cocontraction rather than a reduced ability to produce muscular force. Seven participants performed fast and accurate elbow extensions aimed at a target, before and after a ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1264-x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organization of corticocortical connections in the representation of the forepaw in cat primary somatosensory cortex (SI) was studied following injections of various tracers into different cortical cytoarchitectonic areas. Small injections of horseradish peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated HRP, Phaseolus ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227839
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spike trains of X and Y retinal ganglion cell axons and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cats were compared to determine if the visual signal could be better discriminated from the maintained activity in the LGN relative to the retina. Curves for relative or receiver operating characteristics (RO...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248364
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the potential contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms to the depression of reflex excitability which occurs immediately after a voluntary release from tonic muscle contraction. The excitability of the Soleus (Sol) motor pool was tested at rest and after voluntary muscle relaxation. In both cases the Sol H-r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230904
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental behavioral data show that written action descriptions are remembered better when encoded by enacting them compared with merely verbal encoding. To explore this facilitating effect of encoding by performing actions ('enactment effect'), a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted wit...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1398-4
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of subthalamic nucleus neurons related to motor performance was studied in three unrestrained cats operantly conditioned to perform a lever-release movement. The movement was initiated either rapidly after the trigger stimulus (a brief sound) in a simple reaction-time paradigm or after a delay in trials i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228095
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics of vibration-induced illusory joint movements were studied in healthy human subjects. Unseen by the subject, constant frequency vibration trains applied to the distal tendon of the Triceps or Biceps induced an almost constant velocity illusory movement of the elbow whose direction corresponded to t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239377
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unilateral isometric muscle contractions increase motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation not only in the contracting muscle but also in the resting contralateral homologous muscle. Corticospinal excitability in the M1 contralateral to the contracting muscle changes depending on th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2397-x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research on joint attention has addressed both the effects of gaze following and the ability to share representations. It is largely unknown, however, whether sharing attention also affects the perceptual processing of jointly attended objects. This study tested whether attending to stimuli with another person from op...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2625-z
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The size-weight illusion induced by visually perceived sizes was reexamined to investigate whether this illusion is a sensory based or cognitive-based phenomenon. A computer-augmented environment was utilized to manipulate visual size information of target objects independently of their haptic information. Two physica...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0803-1
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a number of studies have demonstrated state-related dependence of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), the investigations assessing trait-related ASSR changes are limited. Five consistently identified major trait dimensions, also referred to as "big five" (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeablenes...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4494-3
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the visual responses of 184 single units located in the superficial layers of the optic tectum (OT) of the decerebrate, paralysed pigeon. Visual responses were similar to those reported in non-decerebrate preparations; most units responded best to moving visual stimuli, 18% were directionally sele...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005779
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The firing patterns of single raphe units at the posterior midbrain level were examined in chloralosed rats to assess the effects of cerebellar stimulation and/or harmaline administration. Raphe cells were grouped according to their spontaneous firing rate and other characteristics into two categories. From a total sa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237211
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescence is a transition period that is assumed to be characterized by increased sensitivity to reward. While there is growing research on reward processing in adolescents, investigations into the engagement of brain regions under different reward-related conditions in one sample of healthy adolescents, especially ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3272-8
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of spatial uncertainty on motor planning by using the cueing method in a reaching task (experiment 1). Discrete spatial cues indicated the different locations in which the target could be presented. The number of cues as well as their direction changed from trial to trial. We tested the adeq...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1453-1
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During transient, high-acceleration rotation, performance of the normal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) depends on viewing distance. With near targets, gain (eye velocity/head velocity) enhancement is manifest almost immediately after ocular rotation begins. Later in the response, VOR gain depends on both head rotation ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900266
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Almost two decades ago, sequential effects of human grasping behaviour were described for the first time: In a sequential task, participants persisted in using the previous grasp type. According to the plan-modification hypothesis, such sequential effects reduce the movement planning costs and occur within a limited r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3576-3
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that brain injury can impair the ability to independently activate shoulder and elbow muscles. We hypothesized that if muscle activation patterns are constrained, then brain-injured subjects should not be able to accurately grade initial hand movement direction during reaching toward a broad r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1055-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual task paradigms can be used to examine the interactions between cognition and the control of posture and gait. Measuring and interpreting changes in dual task performance is challenging, however, because many factors can influence performance. This study examined the effects of instructed focus and walking task di...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2429-6
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory control plays an important role in goal-directed behavior. Although substantial inter-individual variability exists in the behavioral performance of response inhibition, the corresponding modulating neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5101-6
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00