Abstract：
:A considerable body of research over the past fifteen years establishes that in laboratory animals the Ah (aromatic hydrocarbon) receptor (AhR) mediates most, if not all, toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polyhalogenated biphenyls. More recently the AhR has been shown to also exist in a wide variety of human tissues and human cell lines. In general the AhR in humans appears to function very much like the AhR in rodents. However, the affinity with which toxic HAHs such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin bind to the AhR from human sources generally is lower than the affinity with which these HAHs bind to the Ah receptors from rodent tissues. This lower affinity may explain, in part, why the human species seems less sensitive than many laboratory animals to the effects of HAHs. The AhR enhances transcription of genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes in the CYP1A subfamily, but most of the toxic effects of HAHs do not seem to require P450 induction per se. Recent molecular approaches to the mechanism of HAH toxicity indicate that the AhR also may mediate expression of several other genes, including genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Despite the expanding repertoire of cellular responses known to be altered by HAHs (potentially through the AhR) it is not yet clear which AhR-mediated actions are the key events in HAH toxicity. Within the past year two subunits of the AhR have been cloned; this cloning, along with other molecular investigations, should greatly expand our opportunity to understand the specific mechanisms and pathways by which HAHs cause toxicity.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Okey AB,Riddick DS,Harper PAdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(94)90139-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-22issue
1eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(94)90139-2journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00375-2
更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and often carcinogenic contaminants released into the environment during natural and anthropogenic combustion processes. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the prototypical carcinogenic PAH, and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) is a less prevalent, but highly potent transplace...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.004
更新日期：2014-07-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)03197-5
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2013-03-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.007
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.013
更新日期：2017-05-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.012
更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.011
更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00055-7
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00262-9
更新日期：2000-12-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90069-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90149-x
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90184-4
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00022-3
更新日期：1999-05-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90236-9
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90185-o
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.025
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90184-8
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects mig...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-10-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.017
更新日期：2013-01-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.12.006
更新日期：2007-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourteen amino acids protected at the N-terminal and at their side chains were screened for resolving the enantiomers of V-agents by NMR. While none of the shift reagents tested showed really effective separation in proton NMR, two of them (BOC-Gln(Xan)-OH, 16, and Z-Arg(Z)2-OH), 21, with 16 superior to 21) were found...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.004
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxime-based acetylcholinesterase reactivators (briefly oximes) regenerate organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase and restore its function. Poor blood-brain-barrier passage and fast elimination from blood limit their actual use in treatment of patients exposed to organophosphates. Previous in vitro results im...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.021
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to inves...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03801-5
更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90093-2
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00077-8
更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：:1,3-Dinitrobenzene (DNB) causes testicular injury, particularly to Sertoli cells, and induces apoptosis in the surrounding germinal cells in rodents; however, the mechanisms causing this toxicity are poorly understood. Our studies, using standard and molecular tools, were conducted to better understand the pathogenesi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.010
更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00
