A skewed distribution of amino acids at recognition sites of the hypervariable region of immunoglobulins.

abstract：:The amino acid sequences of 22 alpha-amylases from family 13 of glycosyl hydrolases were analyzed with the aim of revealing the evolutionary relationships between the archaeal alpha-amylases and their eubacterial and eukaryotic counterparts. Two evolutionary distance trees were constructed: (i) the first one based on ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Janecek S,Lévêque E,Belarbi A,Haye B

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An emergent problem in the study of pathogen evolution is our ability to determine the extent to which their rapidly evolving genomes recombine. Such information is necessary and essential for locating pathogenicity loci using association studies, and it also directs future screening, therapeutic and vaccination strat...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Greenspan G,Geiger D,Gotch F,Bower M,Patterson S,Nelson M,Gazzard B,Stebbing J

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The entire mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA D-loop) was sequenced in the seven extant species of Alectoris partridges. The D-loop length is very conserved (1155 +/- 2 nucleotides), and substitution rates are lower than for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the same species, on average. Comparative analyses...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Randi E,Lucchini V

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 5S ribosomal RNA sequences have been determined for the rhodoplast of the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis and the chloroplast of the conifer Juniperus media. The 5S RNA sequence of the Vicia faba chloroplast is corrected with respect to a previous report. A survey of the known sequences and secondary structures of 5...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Van den Eynde H,De Baere R,De Roeck E,Van de Peer Y,Vandenberghe A,Willekens P,De Wachter R

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of determining the minimal phylogenetic tree is discussed in relation to graph theory. It is shown that this problem is an example of the Steiner problem in graphs which is to connect a set of points by a minimal length network where new points can be added. There is no reported method of solving realistic...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Foulds LR,Hendy MD,Penny D

更新日期：1979-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombination has been suggested to be an important factor for the genetic variation of bacterial genes, but few studies have dealt with intragenic recombination between the same or closely related species of cyanobacteria. Here we provide strong evidence for recombination in the microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene clus...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Tanabe Y,Kaya K,Watanabe MM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane proteins that transport ATP and ADP have been identified in mitochondria, plastids, and obligate intracellular parasites. The mitochondrial ATP/ADP transporters are derived from a broad-specificity transport family of eukaryotic origin, whereas the origin of the plastid/parasite ATP/ADP translocase is more el...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Amiri H,Karlberg O,Andersson SG

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Group selection is a matter of acute controversy among evolutionary biologists. The most well-publicized debate in this regard is that between Edward O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins. As is widely known, Edward O. Wilson is very excited about the idea of social selection and eusociality; by contrast Richard Dawkins favor...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Voskarides K

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent availability of genome sequences of four different Fusarium species offers the opportunity to perform extensive comparative analyses, in particular of repeated sequences. In a recent work, the overall content of such sequences in the genomes of three phylogenetically related Fusarium species, F. graminearum...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Dufresne M,Lespinet O,Daboussi MJ,Hua-Van A

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. We have studied the evolutionary history of the mammalian ODC mRNA, focusing on the rate of accumulation of sequence divergence within specific subregions of the molecule. The phylogenetic relationships among the mRNAs from severa...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Johannes GJ,Berger FG

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abortive cycling features transcription initiation by RNA polymerase in both prokaryote and eukaryote. It is known that T7 RNA polymerase produces abortive transcripts up to eight ribonucleotides in length depending on the initial sequence of the DNA message. On the other hand, T7 RNA polymerase initiates DNA replicat...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Matsumoto J

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genome of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. "Dare" contains a chlorophyll a/b binding (Cab) protein gene family consisting of 10 genes. The primary structures of two linked Cab genes (Cab 4 and Cab 5) were determined. A comparison of the nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences of Cab 4 and Cab 5 revealed a high d...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Demmin DS,Stockinger EJ,Chang YC,Walling LL

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from parthenogenetic lizards of the Heteronotia binoei complex with restriction enzymes revealed an approximately 5-kb addition present in all 77 individuals. Cleavage site mapping suggested the presence of a direct tandem duplication spanning the 16S and 12S rRNA genes, the con...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Zevering CE,Moritz C,Heideman A,Sturm RA

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A+T content, phylogenetic relationships, codon usage, evolutionary rates, and ratio of synonymous versus non-synonymous substitutions have been studied in partial sequences of the atpD and aroQ/pheA genes of primary ( Buchnera) and secondary symbionts of aphids and a set of selected non-symbiotic bacteria, belonging t...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Moya A,Latorre A,Sabater-Muñoz B,Silva FJ

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We outline a method for estimating quantitatively the influence of point mutations and selection on the frequencies of codons and amino acids. We show how the mutation rate, i.e., the rate of amino acid replacement due to point mutation, can be affected by the codon usage as well as by the rates of the involved base e...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Frömmel C,Holzhütter HG

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When an aqueous solution (pH 7.0) of 3H deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, deoxythymidine 5'-phosphate, 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide, cyanamide and ammonium chloride was dried and heated at 60 degrees C for 18 h, oligomers were obtained in a yield of approximately 80%. After the chemical degradation of any pyrophosphat...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Sherwood E,Joshi A,Oró J

更新日期：1977-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The finding that ribozymes can catalyze RNA chain elongation has led to the proposal that an early self-replicating system could have consisted of RNA alone. In such a chain elongation reaction, the Tetrahymena ribozyme was found to select 3',5'-linked substrates from a pool that contained a large molar excess of 2',5...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Young B,Cech TR

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retrieval of Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalsensis) mitochondrial DNA is thought to be among the most significant ancient DNA contributions to date, allowing conflicting hypotheses on modern human (Homo sapiens) evolution to be tested directly. Recently, however, both the authenticity of the Neanderthal sequences an...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Hebsgaard MB,Wiuf C,Gilbert MT,Glenner H,Willerslev E

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The size and diversity of bacteriophage populations require methodologies to quantitatively study the landscape of phage differences. Statistical approaches are confronted with small genome sizes forbidding significant single-phage analysis, and comparative methods analyzing full phage genomes represent an alternative...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Carbone A

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incomplete correlation between the organismal complexities and the number of genes among eukaryotic organisms can be partially explained by multiple protein products of a gene created by alternative splicing. One type of alternative splicing involves alternative selection of mutually exclusive exons and creates pr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Chen YC,Lin WH,Tzeng DW,Chow WY

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alu elements are not distributed homogeneously throughout the human genome: old elements are preferentially found in the GC-rich parts of the genome, while young Alus are more often found in the GC-poor parts of the genome. The process giving rise to this differential distribution remains poorly understood. Here we in...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Belle EM,Webster MT,Eyre-Walker A

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pten gene was initially identified in humans as a tumor suppressor. It has since been shown to play important roles in the control of cell size, cell motility, apoptosis, and organ size, and it has also been implicated in aging. Pten is highly conserved among organisms as diverse as nematodes, insects, and vertebr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Baudry E,Desmadril M,Werren JH

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tests for positive selection have mostly been developed to look for diversifying selection where change away from the current amino acid is often favorable. However, in many cases we are interested in directional selection where there is a shift toward specific amino acids, resulting in increased fitness in the specie...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Thiltgen G,Dos Reis M,Goldstein RA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Response regulators of bacterial sensory transduction systems generally consist of receiver module domains covalently linked to effector domains. The effector domains include DNA binding and/or catalytic units that are regulated by sensor kinase-catalyzed aspartyl phosphorylation within their receiver modules. Most re...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Pao GM,Saier MH Jr

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several algae that were previously classified in the phylum Xanthophyta (yellow-green algae) were assigned in 1971 to a new phylum, Eustigmatophyta. It was anticipated that the number of algae reclassified to Eustigmatophyta would increase. However, due to the fact that the morphological characteristics that segregate...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Ehara M,Hayashi-Ishimaru Y,Inagaki Y,Ohama T

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study dealt with the ability of non-denaturing gel electrophoresis to separate iso-1-cytochrome c with single amino acid replacements isolated from revertants of various cyc1 nonsense mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A total of 28 different iso-1-cytochromes c with single amino acid substitutions of...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： McLellan T,Sherman F

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the genetic code first was determined, many have claimed that it is organized adaptively, so as to assign similar codons to similar amino acids. This claim has proved difficult to establish due to the absence of relevant comparative data on alternative primordial codes and of objective measures of amino acid exc...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Stoltzfus A,Yampolsky LY

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prediction of the thermodynamic behaviors of biomolecules at high temperature and pressure is fundamental to understanding the role of hydrothermal systems in the origin and evolution of life on the primitive Earth. However, available thermodynamic dataset for amino acids, essential components for life, cannot represe...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kitadai N

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites with small genomes. They infect animals from a wide variety of phyla, including humans. Two manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes, designated NbMnSOD1 and NbMnSOD2, were found to be organized in a tandem array within the Nosema bombycis ge...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Xiang H,Pan G,Vossbrinck CR,Zhang R,Xu J,Li T,Zhou Z,Lu C,Xiang Z

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Runs of identical amino acids encoded by triplet repeats (homopolymers) are components of numerous proteins, yet their role is poorly understood. Large numbers of homopolymers are present in the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind (mam) protein surrounding several unique charged amino acid clusters. Comparison of mam s...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Newfeld SJ,Schmid AT,Yedvobnick B

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00