Abstract：
:The activity of single neurons within the hand area of the precentral motor cortex of primates was recorded during the performance of a maintained precision grip between the thumb and forefinger. The finger opposition forces were exerted against a strain gauge which allowed force changes to be studied under near isometric conditions. Task performance required the generation of a force ramp (the dynamic phase) and thereafter the maintenance of a stable force for one second (the static phase). Intracortical stimulation through the recording electrode was used to verify that the recordings were made from the appropriate somatotopographic area of the motor cortex. From a total of 221 recorded neurons, 76 were found to be either activated or deactivated during performance of the task. Among the 51 activated neurons, most discharged at higher frequencies during the dynamic phase, than during the static phase. The discharge of some of these neurons could be related to both force (F) and rate of force change (dF-dt) whereas certain others could only be correlated with dF-dt. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons generally occurred prior to the onset of EMG activity. Eight neurons were more active during maintained force than during the force ramp. The discharge frequency could not be correlated with dF-dt and only one showed a significant positive relation to force. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons either coincided or occurred after the onset of EMG activity.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Smith AM,Hepp-Reymond MC,Wyss URdoi
10.1007/BF00239743subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-09-29 00:00:00pages
315-32issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The overlap of dominant tremor frequencies and similarly amplified tremor observed for Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) means differentiating between these pathologies is often difficult. As tremor exhibits non-linear properties, employing both linear and non-linear analyses may help distinguish betw...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-4924-5
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Head-fixed gaze shifts were evoked by electrical stimulation of the deeper layers of the cat superior colliculus (SC). After a short latency, saccades were triggered with kinematics similar to those of visually guided saccades. When electrical stimulation was maintained for more than 150-200 ms, postsaccadic smooth ey...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230420
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tactile information is differentially processed over the various phases of goal-directed movements. Here, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the neural correlates of tactile and visual information processing during movement. Participants performed goal-directed reaches for an object placed centra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4589-5
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mesencephalic dopamine (DA) cell system was examined in mice homozygous and heterozygous for the weaver (wv) gene and in wild-type controls to estimate the extent of cell losses associated with the genetically determined central DA deficiency observed in weaver homozygotes. Animals of the three genotypes (+/+, wv/...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248351
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During isometric contractions of the jaw muscles, oscillations in the rectified masseteric EMG record that are coherent with the mandibular force output are evident at ~8 Hz. We have investigated the load dependence of these oscillations under both force and EMG feedback conditions and the extent to which these oscill...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0144-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual feedback is essential when minimizing force fluctuations. Varying degrees of somatotopic organization have been shown in different regions of the brain for the upper and lower extremities, and visual feedback may be processed differently based on the body effector where feedback-based corrections are used. This...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1966-3
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate whether priming stimulation influences the responses of intracortical inhibitory and facilitatory motor circuits to a subsequent plasticity-inducing inhibitory theta burst TMS paradigm. Using standard transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) procedures, MEP amplitude, short-interval intracortical inhibit...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2886-6
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence on the impact of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on action restraint on Go/NoGO reaction time (RT) tasks in Parkinson's disease (PD) is inconsistent; with some studies reporting no effect and others finding that STN stimulation interferes with withholding of responses and results in m...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4531-2
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aimed to compare the ability of dance and non-dance subjects to perform fine control of a simple heel-raising/lowering movement, and to determine if there are any differences in motor unit activity in the primary plantar flexor muscles during the movement. Subjects were instructed to accurately track a sinus...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5131-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons responding to deep or cutaneous stimuli are situated in different parts of the ventrobasal complex. Within the cutaneous region elongated clusters of cells with common place and modality properties project to single columns in the somatic sensory cortex. The present study sought to determine to what extent sin...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238583
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccadic latency is composed of separate sensory and motor processing delays. Therefore, any alteration in the sensory processing should effect the saccadic latency. Because the highest density of benzodiazepine (Bz) binding sites is located in cerebral cortex, sensory processing of stimuli in this cortical area is ex...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2235-8
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examines the modulation of the motion-onset response based on the frequency-range of sound stimuli. Delayed motion-onset and stationary stimuli were presented in a free-field by sequentially activating loudspeakers on an azimuthal plane keeping the natural percept of externalized sound presentation. ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5329-9
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is an unresolved question whether the posture of single fingers relative to each other is represented in the brain within an external frame of reference. In two experiments, we investigated postural influences on the processing of tactile stimuli at fingers and hands. Healthy subjects received two simultaneous tact...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2396-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known that TMS can induce blinking, but it is unknown to what extent and at what time TMS-induced blinking can cover the pupil. We applied single-pulse TMS with a leftward and rightward monophasic current through a round coil over the occipital pole in 8 healthy subjects, using high-speed video to monitor left o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2626-y
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypoglossal nucleus (Mo12) contains motoneurons that innervate the tongue, while the motor trigeminal nucleus (Mo5) contains motoneurons that elevate or depress the mandible. Previous studies have revealed lateral and medial tegmental field neuronal afferents to the Mo12 adjacent to, but not within, the motor trig...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227237
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine affects the autonomous nervous system and a recent investigation has also proposed a severe disturbance of dynamic cerebral blood flow regulation in the middle cerebral artery during spontaneous blood pressure oscillations. This study investigates whether dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in persons...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-0879-2
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of step-tracking experiments was conducted before, during, and after a 3-week space mission to assess the effects of prolonged microgravity on a non-postural motor-control task. In- and post-flight accuracy was affected only marginally. However, kinematic analyses revealed a considerable change in the underly...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050906
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the influence of passive restraint on postural activity and motion sickness in individuals who actively controlled a potentially nauseogenic visual motion stimulus (a driving video game). Twenty-four adults (20.09 ± 1.56 years; 167.80 ± 7.94 cm; 59.02 ± 9.18 kg) were recruited as participants. Using elasti...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3609-y
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coordination is often observed as body parts moving together. However, when producing force with multiple fingers, the optimal coordination is not to produce similar forces with each finger, but rather for each finger to correct mistakes of other fingers. In this study, we aim to determine whether and how this skill d...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5093-2
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulation of cutaneous foot afferents has been shown to evoke a facilitation of the tibialis anterior (TA) EMG-activity at a latency of 70-95 ms in the early and middle swing phase of human walking. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism for this facilitation. In those subjects in whom it was possib...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050600
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined how cerebellar deficits in isolated reaching or grasping movements contribute to abnormalities in a combined reach and grasp movement, and whether people with cerebellar damage show abnormalities in the spatiotemporal relationships of reach and grasp movements. We studied subjects with cerebellar damage an...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1191-9
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While we walk through the environment, we constantly receive inputs from different sensory systems. For us to accomplish a given task, for example to reach a target location, the sensory information has to be integrated to update our knowledge of self-position and self-orientation with respect to the target so that we...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1146-1
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An economical method of computing the source densities underlying human scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) is used to investigate the topography of "evaluation potentials" elicited when a subject assess the outcome of a goal-directed activity. No sign of a generative focus was observed in frontal locations...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235821
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial orientation is crucial when subjects have to accurately reach memorized visual targets. In previous studies modified gravitoinertial force fields were used to affect the accuracy of pointing movements in complete darkness without visual feedback of the moving limb. Target mislocalization was put forward as one...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2087-7
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fear of falling can be manipulated by introducing a postural threat (e.g., an elevated support surface) during stance and gait. Under these conditions, balance parameters are altered in both young and elderly individuals. This study aimed to dissociate the physical and psychological aspects of the threat and show ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-4902-y
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports on experiments in which the effect of disconnection of association fibres from Area 17/18 to the posterior suprasylvian cortex (PSSC) was investigated. In the control experiments, all neurons had large receptive fields in the central 5-10 degrees of the visual field without detailed retinotopy. In t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235537
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the substantia nigra, anatomical, neurochemical and pharmacological findings strongly suggest that transmitter and protein are secreted from the dendrites of nigrostriatal neurones. This phenomenon may underlie a non classical modulatory cellular mechanism. Two conductances are generated in nigrostriatal neuron...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248875
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human visual system is strikingly insensitive to speed changes attributed to the need to infer visual acceleration, observed during stationary fixation, indirectly by comparing velocities integrated over time. The objective of this study was to test if smooth pursuit eye movements improve the detection of speed ch...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0216-6
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The static ocular torsional position of both eyes of 23 patients was measured by means of fundus photographs one day before and one week after unilateral vestibular neurectomy for the treatment of acoustic neuroma, Ménière's disease or paroxysmal vertigo. The results showed that in all patients the vestibular neurecto...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230003
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study neuronal information transfer from the striatum to the globus pallidus (GP) during voluntary movement, we recorded activity of electrophysiologically identified projection neurons in the putamen to the GP while the monkey was performing learned movement tasks. Two categories of putamen neurons were r...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228811
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
