Abstract:
:The localization and population levels of the indigenous bacterial flora of conventional rats were investigated by cultural and histological techniques. Lactobacilli predominate in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine and associate with keratinized cells of the nonglandular portion of stomach. Mixtures of varying complexity of pure cultures of indigenous bacteria were inoculated into germfree rats. The distribution of these bacteria was examined to investigate the effect of lactobacilli in controlling the composition of other bacterial species in each portion of the digestive tract. In the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine, lactobacilli controlled the population levels of other bacterial species. In the lower part of the small intestine, not only lactobacilli but also the anaerobes which colonized the large bowel influenced the population levels of other bacterial types. Staphylococci isolated from a conventional rat colonized specifically the keratinized cells of the nonsecreting epithelium of the stomach when the rats were free from lactobacilli. This colonization was not observed after inoculation of lactobacilli into the rats.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Morotomi M,Watanabe T,Suegara N,Kawai Y,Mutai Mdoi
10.1128/IAI.11.5.962-968.1975subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-05-01 00:00:00pages
962-8issue
5eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract in pigs and also the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which causes significant morbidity and mortality in pigs worldwide. Isolates are characterized into 15 serovars by their capsular polysaccharide, which has shown a corr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00879-19
更新日期:2020-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. Infection with C. rodentium serves as a model for infection of humans with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. To identify novel colonization factors of C. rodentium, we screened a s...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00770-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrakingdom cell-to-cell communication and interkingdom cell-to-cell communication play essential roles in the virulence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Four signals, autoinducer 2 (AI-2), AI-3, and the human hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, are important in this communication. The effect of the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00550-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Chagas' disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi commonly infects humans through skin abrasions or mucosa from reduviid bug excreta. Yet most studies on animal models start with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections, a distant approximation of the skin abrasion route. We show here that atraumatic placement of T. cr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01434-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work (P. Castric, F. J. Cassels, and R. W. Carlson, J. Biol. Chem. 276:26479-26485, 2001) has shown the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycan to be covalently bound to a serine residue. N-terminal sequencing of pilin fragments produced from endopeptidase treatment and identified by reaction with a glycan-s...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.6.2837-2845.2002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While several diseases associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection have been reported in Phascolarctos cinereus (koala), it is still unclear whether one or more chlamydial strains are responsible. In this study, we provide evidence, obtained by restriction enzyme and gene probe analysis, that two quite distinct strai...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.8.1897-1900.1988
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the lungs of mice vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, there was an accumulation of CD4 cells expressing the activated effector phenotype CD44hi CD62 ligandlo) (CD62Llo) which were capable of secreting gamma interferon. Upon cell transfer, however, cells expressing a resting/naïve phenotype (CD44lo CD62Lhi) wer...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.11.7759-7764.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice were vaccinated with plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding antigen 85A (Ag85A), Ag85B, or PstS-3 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis either in saline or formulated for intramuscular injections in VC1052:DPyPE (aminopropyl-dimethyl-myristoleyloxy-propanaminium bromide-diphytanoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine) (Vaxfectin; Vical, Inc...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.7.3681-3688.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to mice induced DNA fragmentation in the thymus. Fragmented DNA was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and laser flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was predominantly detected in the thymus of young mice, while it was undetectable in the spleen, bone marrow, a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.12.5044-5048.1993
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serum antibody response to proteins encoded by the virulence-associated plasmid of Shigella flexneri was determined in monkeys challenged with virulent S. flexneri serotype 2a. With water-extractable antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a significant increase in antibody titer against proteins from a p...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.53.1.57-63.1986
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholera toxin has been widely used to obtain insight into the cellular dynamics of the antigen-specific mucosal immune response. The present study was undertaken to clarify the influence of the organized intestinal lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches [PP]) on the distribution of anti-cholera-toxin-containing cells (ACC) ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.9.1997-1999.1987
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::BCG, the attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, has been widely used as a vaccine against tuberculosis and is thus an important candidate as a live carrier for multiple antigens. With the aim of developing a recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT), we analyzed the potential o...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.2.869-874.2001
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients that have suffered a major injury may sustain a period of immunocompromise and altered Th1/Th2 cytokine balance that can predispose them to opportunistic infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently a causative organism for nosocomial infections in critically ill patients and is associated with high morta...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.12.6892-6901.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication predominantly associated with infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), such as E. coli O157:H7. EHEC can produce Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and/or Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), both of which are exotoxins comprised of active (A) and binding (B) subunits. In pi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.2.612-619.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria meningitidis crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor by the type IV pili (TFP). Two components of the type IV pili recruit the β2-adrenergic receptor, the major pilin PilE and the minor pilin PilV. Here, we report that a strain deleted of PilX, one of the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00369-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) all contribute to biofilm formation by the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. To understand how individual biofilm determinants respond to changing environmental conditions, the transcription of genes responsible for...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00126-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although nasal vaccination has emerged as an interesting alternative to systemic or oral vaccination, knowledge is scarce about the immune responses after such immunization in humans. In the present study, we have compared the kinetics and organ distribution of the antibody responses after nasal and oral vaccination. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.7.3390-3396.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Staphylococcus aureus repeat (STAR) element is a sequence identified in two intergenic regions in S. aureus. The element is found in 13 to 21 copies in individual S. aureus strains, and elements in the homologous intergenic location are variable in length. The element sequence consists of several small and unusual...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.4.2344-2348.2000
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capsular types 5 and 8, which account for about 70% of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the blood of patients, resisted in vitro phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Antisera and monoclonal antibody to type 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides (CPS) induced type-specific in vitro phagocytos...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.5.1090-1095.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T-cell-stimulating activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of certain staphylococcal diseases. To investigate the immunologically active domains of the SEB molecule, we have produced truncated fragments of recombinant SEB by C-terminal and N-terminal deletions. The...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.6.2445-2452.1993
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, colonizes the surface of intestinal epithelial cells and causes mucosal inflammation. This bacterium is an ideal model for investigating pathogen-host immune interactions in the gut. It is well known that gene transcripts for Th1 cyt...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01343-09
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yersinia pestis causes bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague, diseases that are rapidly lethal to most mammals, including humans. Plague develops as a consequence of bacterial neutralization of the host's innate immune response, which permits uncontrolled growth and causes the systemic hyperactivation of the infla...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00570-17
更新日期:2017-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::A purified human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was studied for its protective effect on the induction of neutropenia and enhanced susceptibility to microbial infections in mice receiving cyclophosphamide (CPA). A severe reduction in peripheral blood neutrophils was induced 4 days after injection with ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.11.2715-2720.1987
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, has the ability to modulate its phenotype in response to environmental conditions by using the BvgAS sensory transduction system which is encoded by the vir locus (now known as bvg). The BvgAS system is part of a large family of two-component sensory trans...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.10.3780-3789.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella typhimurium SH5014 porins induce the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-6 by human monocytes and of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 by human lymphocytes. Porins at 1 microgram/ml induce the greatest release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 by...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.1.155-161.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) is, to a large extent, mediated by the activation of monocytes/macrophages and subsequent release of monokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). It is known that LPS binds readily to serum lipoproteins and that LPS-lipoprotein co...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.7.2237-2245.1989
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has long been implicated in the etiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the basis of clinical and pathological similarities between tuberculosis and RA. Despite evidence of immune responses to mycobacterial antigens in RA patient synovia...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.3.1821-1831.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli strains isolated from newborn infants were injected intraperitoneally into infant rats. Strains possessing the K1 capsular polysaccharide antigen were significantly more virulent than strains lacking this antigen. When 5-day-old animals were injected with 1.2 X 10(1) colony forming units of a K1 E. co...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.22.2.480-485.1978
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of plasma fibronectin with C1q of the complement system has been demonstrated in the past several years. In addition, the antibody-independent binding of C1q to bacteria, as well as the binding of plasma fibronectin to bacteria, is well documented. This study examines whether the binding of C1q to bact...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.49.3.664-669.1985
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumocystis carinii is an ascomycete phylogenetically related to Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Little is known about gene regulation in P. carinii. The removal of introns from pre-mRNA requires spliceosomal recognition of the intron-exon boundary. In S. pombe and higher eukaryotes, this boundary and a branch site within...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.11.6157-6160.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00