Abstract:
:Heart beats, skin conductance, and subjective fear levels were recorded among eight pairs of DSM-III-R spider-phobic subjects (Experiment 1) and among eight pairs of DSM-III-R cockroach-phobic subjects (Experiment 2) who were exposed simultaneously to an approaching specimen during eight 4-minute trials. Control over the approach of the specimen alternated between subjects over trials. On different trials, both subjects were instructed either to attend closely to the features of the specimen or to attend closely to their bodily fear reactions. Among spider-phobic subjects (Experiment 1), Self-Control over the specimen produced higher skin conductance during exposure than did Partner-Control over the specimen; instructions to attend closely to the features of the specimen produced higher skin-conductance than did instructions to attend closely to one's bodily fear reactions. Among cockroach-phobic subjects (Experiment 2), Self-Control over the specimen produced higher skin conductance and higher self-reported fear than did Partner-Control over the specimen during the early exposures. Instructions to attend closely to the specimen produced higher skin conductance and higher self-reported fear throughout the experiment and higher heart rates early during the experiment than did instructions to attend to one's bodily reactions. Empirical generalizations based on these data are intended as contributions toward a fund of experimental information that, in due course, will be used to conceptualize the means by which exposure to feared stimuli leads to fear reduction.
journal_name
Behav Modifjournal_title
Behavior modificationauthors
McGlynn FD,Rose MP,Lazarte Adoi
10.1177/01454455940184001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
371-88issue
4eissn
0145-4455issn
1552-4167journal_volume
18pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Diagnostic criteria specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR ; American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) require that motor excess be present across situations, at home and school, in order to establish that this condition is a characteristic of the child. The article dis...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445509344167
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A functional analysis is a well-established and widely used assessment in the treatment of challenging behavior. Given the fact that functional analysis results can inform treatment selection and procedures, a review of the current literature regarding functional analysis of inappropriate mealtime behavior (IMB) is wa...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0145445518794368
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Picture activity schedules consist of a sequence of images representing the order of tasks for a person to complete. Although, picture activity schedules have traditionally been presented in a book format, recently picture activity schedules have been evaluated on technological devices such as an iPod™ touch. The pres...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517700817
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although visual inspection remains common in the analysis of single-case designs, the lack of agreement between raters is an issue that may seriously compromise its validity. Thus, the purpose of our study was to develop and examine the properties of a simple structured criterion to supplement the visual analysis of a...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517739278
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluating how, for whom, and under what conditions psychosocial treatments work is an important component of anxiety disorder treatment development. Yet, research regarding mediators and moderators of self-help interventions is sparse. The current project is a secondary analysis of mediators, moderators, and correlat...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445519855616
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among otherwise healthy young children and can be extremely disruptive to family life. Treatment was initiated in a multiple baseline fashion for the chronic night waking and nighttime disturbance exhibited by a 14-month-old girl. We found that "graduated extinction" (gradually inc...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455900141003
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-four female participants with hypoactive sexual desire disorder supplied daily reports of their sexual desire and motivation. The relation between desire and motivation remained statistically significant when controlling for sexual compatibility, sexual stress, sexual fantasy, and marital and sexual satisfaction...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445500243002
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Negative thoughts, experienced by 80% to 99% of the non-clinical population, have been linked to the development of psychopathology. The current study aimed to compare a cognitive restructuring and cognitive defusion technique for coping with a personally relevant negative thought. Over a 5-day period, participants us...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445515621488
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overcorrection procedures traditionally were designed to reduce the behavioral excesses of persons with mental retardation. However, beginning with a study of Foxx and Jones (1978), it became clear that variations of the procedure could be used to enhance academic proficiency in students with average intelligence, bor...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455910151004
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrete trials procedure incorporating graduated prompts, social and consumable reinforcement, corrective feedback, delay of reinforcement, and a chaining procedure was used to teach four actively psychotic, chronic schizophrenic patients rudimentary conversational skills. In a multiple-baseline design, training wa...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455890134002
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggests that performance feedback improves treatment integrity. This study compared the effects of verbal performance feedback and verbal plus graphic performance feedback on implementation of a student-specific behavior support plan (BSP) by members of a second-grade teaching team at a public eleme...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445506297583
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirically supported treatments (EST) hold much promise in relieving psychological distress and dysfunction. However, various obstacles to effective training and clinical practice have truncated dissemination efforts. One such obstacle is the perceived applicability of EST procedures to raw world clinical practice. T...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445508322609
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitative methods for analyzing single-subject experimental data have expanded during the last decade, including the use of regression models to statistically analyze the data, but still a lot of questions remain. One question is how to specify predictors in a regression model to account for the specifics of th...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445514535243
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risky sexual behavior among adolescents is common and results in many negative consequences. The present study investigated longitudinal predictors of adolescents' likelihood of engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Parental knowledge, or the extent to which parents know about their children's activities, wherea...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445515615355
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barlow et al. published the unified protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders, focusing on common pathological factors across a variety of diagnoses. The limited UP research to date suggests that this treatment may be particularly useful for anxiety disorders. However, it has largely been eval...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445516667664
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effectiveness of exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be adversely influenced by comorbid disorders. The present study investigated behavioral activation and therapeutic exposure (BA-TE), a new integrated treatment designed specifically for comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Combat vete...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445512448097
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research testing the predictions of cognitive-behavioral theory related to the psychopathology of eating disorders has lagged behind treatment outcome research. Central to cognitive theories of eating disorders is the hypothesis that beliefs and expectancies pertaining to body size and to eating are biased in favor of...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0145445599234003
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many persons who have multiple sensory, physical, and developmental disabilities display behaviors that interfere significantly with adaptive functioning and social acceptance. In this investigation, the efficacy of multiple component behavioral interventions for reducing maladaptive responding exhibited by two indivi...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455930172005
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the effects of positive antecedent (effective instruction delivery and time-in) and consequent components (contingent praise) on the compliance of 4 children in a clinic setting. Results suggest that the use of effective instruction delivery alone increased compliance above baseline levels for the...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445507303838
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor excess was once recognized as a primary aspect of childhood behavior disorder but has been largely discounted by current investigators despite consistent reference to hyperactivity in titles of articles, chapters, and books. The presumed minor relevance of hyperactivity to attention deficit hyperactivity disorde...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/01454455930174001
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that reinforcing problem behavior during functional analyses (FAs) may raise ethical questions, such as resulting in an increase in problem behavior outside of FA sessions. The current translational study assessed whether conducting an FA resulted in increases in problem behavior outside of the F...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517696052
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of social skills deficits remains one of the most challenging areas in meeting the needs of people with autism. Difficulties in understanding social stimuli, in initiating and responding to social bids, and in appreciating the affect that is intrinsic to social interactions can be baffling for people wit...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0145445501255007
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an early numeracy Tier 2 intervention on the mathematics performance of second-grade students with persistent mathematics difficulties. Whole number content and instructional design features were used to boost performance in second-grade early numeracy concepts...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445519873651
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this research was to test the comparative effectiveness of two therapeutic modalities in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of sexual aggression: (a) self-exposure and cognitive restructuring and (b) progressive relaxation training. The sample consisted of 20 patients (victims...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/01454455970214003
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a genetic disorder resulting in hyperuricemia, choreoathetosis, mental retardation, and self-mutilation. The most salient feature of this disorder is the self-injurious behavior (SIB). Although the utility of behavioral interventions with SIB has been well documented, behavioral interventions w...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0145445500242003
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of peer training implemented alone and the effect of combining contingency contracting with peer training on promoting social interactions among students with ASD and their peers. Three students with ASD and six typically developing peers enrolled in an inclusive el...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445520901674
更新日期:2020-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social and communication impairment, but some children appear to have relative strength in areas such as reading printed words. The present study involved two children with limited expressive communication skills, but relatively stronger reading ability. Based on this exist...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445519850745
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were trained to recall a name-face association using the spaced retrieval technique. In this study, we retested these persons in a 6-month follow-up program. For half of the participants, three booster sessions were administered at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after origi...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445509333432
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study is a comparison of the embedded instruction of behavioral chains with more traditional (one-on-one massed trials in special education setting) instructional procedures for teaching behavioral chains to students with significant cognitive disabilities. Although embedded instruction has emerged as a promising...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445512440574
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral intervention has positive effects on feeding problems of children with autism and food selectivity (FS), and researchers have evaluated a variety of specific behavioral interventions. Confidence in the effects of some specific interventions on feeding such as the high-probability instructional sequence (HPS...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445518785111
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00