Abstract：
:Provision of nourishment to terminally ill patients has been a controversial topic in clinical medicine. Determination of the limits of palliative care requires an understanding of the disease process, as well as the boundaries of patient self-determination. With the advent of living wills, the determination of the patient to limit care, including nutrition support, has become socially acceptable. Difficulties arise when there are differences of opinion between the caregiver and the patient. The solutions to these conflicts are often decided in the courtroom, as demonstrated by the Cruzan and Quinlan cases. Living wills are often written to prevent unnecessary financial burdens in hopeless situations. As well, financial considerations influence the decisions made by caregivers in providing care to terminally ill patients. The following case report illustrates the conflict between patient self-determination and limitation of care for financial reasons. The use of substituted judgment within the Canadian health care system and the role of team meetings to resolve ethical decisions are discussed.
journal_name
Nutr Revjournal_title
Nutrition reviewsauthors
Knowles JB,Gilmore Nsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-08-01 00:00:00pages
271-4issue
8 Pt 1eissn
0029-6643issn
1753-4887journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Context:Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries are all major public health problems in the United Kingdom and contribute substantially to healthcare costs. Objective:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of product reformulation measures on sugar intake and health outcomes. ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuy015
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case report describes a 14-month-old Guatemalan boy suffering from diarrhea and malnutrition. He had been healthy and experienced normal growth until weaning, which began at six months of age. Introduction of semisolid foods at this time was accompanied by bouts of diarrhea and a reduced growth rate. After admiss...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02937.x
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although low-income youth are likely to have low or less frequent fruit and vegetable intake, current understanding of the influences on intake in youth is limited. A systematic review of quantitative research on determinants of fruit and vegetable intake among low-income youth (i.e., persons aged <20 years) was condu...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nure.12126
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Context:Optimizing cognitive performance and preventing cognitive impairments that result from exposure to high-stress situations are important to ensure mission-readiness for military personnel. Objective:This systematic review assesses the quality of the evidence for plant-based foods and beverages, or their phytoch...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nux005
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genistein is a soy-derived biologically active isoflavone that exhibits diverse health-promoting effects. An increasing body of evidence shows that genistein influences lipid homeostasis and insulin resistance, counteracts inflammatory cytokines, and possesses antidiabetic properties. Genistein also impedes cancer pro...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nure.12044
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The demand for dairy products is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets. Dairy products are nutrient rich and, therefore, an important food group for ensuring nutrient security in the future. In many countries, dairy contributes significantly to nutrient intake. Meta-analyses have shown that consumption of da...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuv040
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body adiposity is known to be carefully regulated and to remain relatively stable for long periods of time in most mammalian species. This review summarizes old and recent data implicating insulin and leptin as key circulating signals to the central nervous system, particularly the ventral hypothalamus, in communicati...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1301/002966402320634797
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood within the Indian subcontinent, a meta-analysis of studies was conducted. Within the data sets analyzed, six homogeneous statistical subgroups were observed and three levels of prevalence were discernible (low, intermediate, and high). The poole...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1111/nure.12130
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two recent studies suggest that when consuming a low-calcium diet, low efficiency of calcium absorption (measured as fractional calcium absorption) is a problem in the elderly; this is also an important risk factor for hip fracture. These studies show that elderly women are less able to compensate for low calcium inta...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06959.x
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under conditions of energy balance, energy intake (EI) equals energy expenditure (EE), and the validity of EI may be determined by comparing these two measures. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for the determination of EE. Its use in developed countries has showed an intense underreporting of...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1301/nr.2006.jul.319-330
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent findings indicate that cocoa and chocolate, when processed appropriately, may contain relatively large amounts of flavonoids, particularly catechin and epicatechin. We review the benefits of these flavonoids, specifically with regard to cardiovascular health, and raise several unresolved issues that suggest the...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1301/nr.2005.dec.427-430
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Combining data from two large-scale prospective observational studies in women and men, investigators link the consumption of fruits and vegetables to the risk of ischemic stroke. Of interest is their breakdown of these foods into cruciferous vegetables and citrus fruit juice, which confer the greatest protection. ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb01902.x
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) consists of a family of isozymes that convert alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes using NAD+ as a cofactor. The metabolism of ethanol by gastrointestinal ADH isozymes results in the production of acetaldehyde, a highly toxic compound that binds to cellular protein and DNA if not furth...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01692.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 75-year-old patient with anuric renal failure developed a significant metabolic alkalosis thought to be due to the enteral absorption of "nonsystemic" antacid administered in large daily doses for prevention of recurrent peptic ulcer disease. ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02948.x
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dietary interventions that limit saturated fat, cholesterol, and energy are generally implemented as the first line of therapy to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Another form of diet therapy that may be effective in protecting against CHD is altering meal frequency without limiting energy. Meal-freque...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00231.x
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, confer benefits to brain and visual system development in infants and reduce risks of certain forms o...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00415.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthocyanins are a group of bioactive compounds present in plant foods. Although they have consistently shown an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood and have only recently begun to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to highlight the anti-inflamm...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuu066
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Undernutrition is a major contributor to child mortality and total global disease burden. Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is recommended by the World Health Organization for community-based management of uncomplicated forms of severe acute malnutrition. New research has evaluated the role of RUTF for the preventi...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00302.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, the high responsiveness of omental adipocytes to positive lipolytic stimuli has been clearly demonstrated in women. We conclude that adipose tissue fatty acid release, storage capacity, and secreted cytokines may all be involved in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. The anatomical location of visceral a...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00324.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsic aging of the brain and its relationship to age-related neurodegenerative diseases need to be understood as part of global aging, which results from gradual accumulation of a variety of kinds of cellular and molecular damage. While certain kinds of molecular lesions are particularly associated with specific d...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00343.x
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies of the effects of dietary fat on experimental carcinogenesis have probed the influence of the dietary fat source, the time during carcinogenesis when a high-fat diet is fed, the interactions between fat and calories, and the potential mechanisms for the observed effects of fat on cancer. The essential f...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02870.x
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The impact of various dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by immune-inflammatory response, has been subject to increased attention. OBJECTIVE:A systematic review was conducted to update the current knowledge on the effects of nutritional, dietary supplement, and fasting interventi...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuaa033
更新日期：2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The human body is an ecosystem harboring complex site-specific microbial communities. The majority of these human-associated microbes are found in the intestinal tract, where they play important roles in energy uptake, vitamin synthesis, and epithelial and immunity development. Recent molecular studies have characteri...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00237.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iodine intake influences the health of Americans today, but in different ways than it has in the past. In the early 1900s, iodine deficiency was responsible for widespread endemic goiter in the United States. The incidence of goiter was markedly reduced by the introduction of iodine supplementation of salt and other f...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb06940.x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Energy drinks are increasingly popular among athletes and others. Advertising for these products typically features images conjuring great muscle power and endurance; however, the scientific literature provides sparse evidence for an ergogenic role of energy drinks. Although the composition of energy drinks varies, mo...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nure.12132
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The declining diversity of agricultural production and food supplies worldwide may have important implications for global diets. The primary objective of this review is to assess the nature and magnitude of the associations of agricultural biodiversity with diet quality and anthropometric outcomes in low- and middle-i...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nux040
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prospective studies suggest that dietary vitamin D may at least modestly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This review addresses issues raised by recent studies, including differences in findings related to dietary source of vitamin D, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics. It also discusses the optimal timing ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00271.x
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of short noncoding RNAs that are widely expressed in mammalian cells and are important in post-translational gene regulation, including regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation processes. miRNAs are involved in cancer initiation and progression and their...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00080.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine, are frequently used to treat obesity, depression, and bulimia. A common side effect of these medications is xerostomia, or dry mouth. A case study demonstrating the impact of drug-induced xerostomia on oral health and subsequent nutr...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01562.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Fish oil and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, but their effect on psoriasis and its comorbidities remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fish oil and its components in the treatm...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuz098
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
