Abstract：
:The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization developed a cluster survey design for the rapid assessment of children's vaccination coverage in developing countries. Because of its simplicity and familiarity, the EPI methodology has been used for additional purposes, including the detection of relatively small changes in vaccination coverage levels that are already high and the estimation of other population parameters when moderate accuracy is required. This article suggests techniques for improving the accuracy of the EPI cluster survey method, including (a) segmenting sample clusters, if necessary, so that reasonably sized areas can be counted, mapped, and listed; (b) selecting an equal probability sample of housing units within a cluster; (c) selecting a fixed number of housing units per sample cluster; and (d) performing weighted analyses. These procedures will produce accurate estimators and corresponding standard errors in EPI cluster surveys.
journal_name
Ann Epidemioljournal_title
Annals of epidemiologyauthors
Brogan D,Flagg EW,Deming M,Waldman Rdoi
10.1016/1047-2797(94)90086-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
302-11issue
4eissn
1047-2797issn
1873-2585pii
1047-2797(94)90086-8journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Prepregnancy obesity and weight changes accompanying pregnancy (gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention) may be associated with risk of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and in the postpartum. The few studies that have examined these relationships report conflicting findings. METHOD...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.10.007
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between psychotropic medication use during pregnancy and gestational age at delivery, after adjusting for depressive symptom and perceived stress severity. METHODS:We analyzed data on singleton live births from 2914 female Pregnancy Study Online partici...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.010
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:When conducting analyses of child weight growth trajectories, researchers commonly use Z-scores from a standard instead of the observed weights. However, these Z-scores, calculated from cross-sectional data, may introduce methodological limitations when used in the context of longitudinal analyses. We assessed ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.04.006
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Preterm birth (PTB) has been associated with a later increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized a more pronounced relation between early or recurrent PTB and maternal CVD risk. METHODS:We related PTB severity (earlier gestational age at delivery) and recurrence (>/=2) among women ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.007
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To explore agreement on cancer occurrence and site among Medicare Part A, Massachusetts Cancer Registry, and death certificates. METHODS:We linked these data sources with the cohort of the population-based East Boston Senior Health Project, a component of the National Institute on Aging's Established Populatio...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00031-3
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This report describes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention programs that expose students to epidemiology and public health sciences (EPHS). METHODS:The Science Ambassador workshop targets middle and high school teachers and promotes teaching EPHS in the classroom. The National Science Olympiad Disease De...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.09.010
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To provide information about lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) veterans' health status, diagnoses, and health screening behaviors compared with heterosexual veterans. METHODS:Data are from 10 states' 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys that contained sexual orientation data for veterans (n =...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.009
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine if the role of obesity in the risk of gestational diabetes differs between immigrant and U.S.-born women. METHODS:We used New York City-linked 2010-2014 birth certificate and hospital data. We created four racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and Asian) and three s...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.02.006
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to examine how nutrients can affect the relationship between the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and socioeconomic factors. METHODS:This study was based on data obtained from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted as a health survey of ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.07.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the estimates of HIV-related risk derived from a sample drawn through random digit dialing and that component of the sample drawn from households listed in a telephone directory. METHODS:The prevalence of key outcomes, and their 95% confidence intervals, was estimated for the total sample and for th...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.06.003
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined racial variations in CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality rates (1968-1992) of residents aged 35-84 in the state economic areas (SEAs) surrounding the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. The quarter century of CHD mortality rates are discussed in relation to racial and gender...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(99)00029-0
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Incidence studies of occupational factors and cancer in the United States are problematic because the use of population-based registries to identify cases requires development of historical data on subjects' residences and often severely restricts the time period of follow up. This article describes procedures ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.06.055
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the longitudinal associations between exposure to violence with a weapon during the past year among adolescents and hypertension during adulthood, including the extent to which adult cardiovascular risk factors mediated the association. METHODS:Secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Stud...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the possible association between ibuprofen use and dermatologic superinfections among children with recent varicella infection. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of children in Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, a health maintenance organization in New England, was conducted. Outcomes and exposures...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00040-9
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:While high levels of obesity prevalence and incidence have been well documented, there is less research on obesity dynamics over time. In this article, we sought to understand the body mass index (BMI) trajectories in and out of obesity from adolescence to adulthood. METHODS:We used the National Longitudinal S...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.12.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Several mathematical models simulate a HIV/AIDS epidemic by using the assumption that heterosexual transmission is the major or sole transmission mode. The validity of these models has been unclear. To understand the validity of these models, empirical estimates for relevant model parameters are needed that can...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.10.011
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To provide a synthesis of current approaches to the discovery of genes associated with complex human diseases by examining the joint potential of traditional epidemiologic methods and current molecular techniques for gene discovery. METHODS:A discussion of optimal approaches for defining complex disease phenot...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00064-7
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report, we review recent findings concerning the identification of mechanisms that may modulate the role of lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), in thrombosis and atherogenesis. Lp(a) binds to surface-immobilized plasmin-modified fibrin, thus providing a mechanism for incorporating Lp(a) into the vessel wall. We found th...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1047-2797(92)90090-d
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between age of arrival of male pediatric immigrant populations in Israel and their risk for subsequent high-weight morbidity at adolescence. METHODS:The study analyzed a pooled cross section of 89,744 foreign-born male Jewish study participants, who were born...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.02.012
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine mental health indicators, in aggregate and stratified by sex, among a population-based sample of U.S. military veterans. METHODS:Data are from veteran who completed the Veterans Health Module (VHM) of the 2011 and 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 10,406). VHM items included lifet...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.009
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevention of decline in cognitive and physical functioning in the elderly has become an important focus in geriatric medicine. Hispanics are among the fastest-growing group of elderly in the United States, yet few data are available on functional impairments in this group. We examined the association between ethnicit...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00062-2
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Whereas prison inmates are reported to exhibit poorer overall health status and higher rates of health care utilization than the general population, no current information exists on the overall disease profile of the U.S. prison population. The present study examined the prevalence of major acute and chronic co...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(99)00033-2
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Studies of middle-aged and particularly older-aged adults found that those with higher scores on tests of IQ (cognitive function) had lower rates of later mortality. Interpretation of such findings potentially is hampered by the problem of reverse causality: such somatic diseases as diabetes or hypertension, co...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.010
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Simpson's paradox is a type of severe confounding wherein a confounding variable changes the direction of an association. METHODS:This article demonstrates Simpson's paradox with three cohorts of naproxen users (new users, chronic users, and combined users) who were compared on the age/sex distribution of furt...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00084-7
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including t...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.004
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (statins) are associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS:The population included 159,219 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative in which 2000 pathologically confirmed cases of colorectal cancer wer...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), medication use/adherence, and mortality stratified by race/ethnicity was examined in a national cohort of veterans with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:A total of 892,223 veterans with diabetes in 2002 were followed through 2006. HbA1c category was the main exposur...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information obtained during the past decade suggests that the onset of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death is frequently triggered by daily activities. The importance of physical or mental stress in triggering coronary thrombosis is supported by finding that (1) the frequencies of the onset of myocardial in...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1047-2797(92)90088-8
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We estimated female and male incident AIDS diagnosis rates (IARs) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) over time to assess whether declines in IARs varied by sex after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) dissemination. METHODS:We compared IARs and 95% confide...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.006
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We analyzed the changes in the body mass index (BMI) distribution for urban Australian adults between 1980 and 2007. METHODS:We used data from participants of six consecutive Australian nation-wide surveys with measured weight and height between 1980 and 2007. We used quantile regression to estimate mean BMI (...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.10.008
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
