Abstract：
:The clinical use of gentamicin (G) is limited because of its nephrotoxic potential. The administration of G (50 mg/kg) to rats in a 10-day daily treatment gave a biphasic pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was highly elevated during the corresponding second phase while a slight and statistically insignificant increase in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was obtained. The kidneys of such rats were isolated and tubules prepared and incubated for a specific period of time at 37 degrees C in Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4. Results indicate a considerable loss of protein (P < 0.01) after the 3rd and 10th days of treatment with G, elevated and significant increase of ALP after the 1st (P < 0.05) and 3rd (P < 0.01) days and significant increase (P < 0.05) of GDH after the 10th day of treatment. The release of GDH, LDH and NAG from tubules of rats after a single dose of G was lower than the control rats while other treatments produced a significant increase in ALP, LDH and NAG over the period of incubation. In vitro incubation of tubules in the presence of several concentrations (5, 50, 500, 5000 micrograms/g of wet cortex) of G indicated a time-dependent leakage of enzyme only at the highest concentration of G. Our results clearly indicate that cellular damage caused by G as evidenced by urinary enzyme excretion and marker enzyme release from isolated tubules occurs at very high concentration in vivo or in vitro and is time-dependent.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Obatomi DK,Plummer DTdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(94)03163-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
75-83issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(94)03163-2journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Behavioral toxicology is an emerging field which is becoming increasingly important in risk assessment of exposure to neurotoxic substances, due to the high sensitivity of behavior towards neurotoxic action and the integration in behavioral functions of several underlying processes and neurofunctions, such as motor, s...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00251-9
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of potential risk factors for induction and/or exacerbation of asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the role of SO2 in asthma using a classical asthmatic model with allergic airway inflammation by treating C57BL/6 mice with ovalbumin (...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.020
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of four phthalates, i.e., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) on necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied on mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the phthalates ca...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.001
更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing industrial use of nanoparticles (NPs) has raised concerns about their impact on human health. Since aging and exposure to environmental factors are linked to the risk for developing pathologies, we address the question of TiO2 NPs toxicokinetics in the context of a realistic occupational exposure. We re...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.009
更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate whether vitamin C (VC) was associated with total antioxidant status (TAS) in human plasma and to determine the usefulness of VC on TAS in the treatment of patients with paraquat poisoning. VC and TAS were measured in 56 healthy subjects. Then, various concentrations (1-100 mg/dl) o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00431-3
更新日期：2002-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The proceedings in this volume suggest several important future research needs. Research is needed to validate modeling in toxicology in order to support the use of the general approach of modeling, either for structure-activity relationships (SAR) or physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), by regulators. Resea...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03382-u
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effect and its underlying mechanism of aloe emodin (AE). AE was docked with the targets of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway respectively by using molecular docking technique. To verify the results of molecular docking and further investigate ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum corticosterone levels were determined at intervals after i.p. injection of 1.8 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg body weight. Thymus weight decreased significantly 3 days after injection. The effect of Cd injection on serum corticosterone levels was almost indistinguishable from that of saline injection. Further, Cd-induced th...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90244-2
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a potent stimulator of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the immunotoxic action of which remains unclear. We investigated the in vitro effects of SEA on freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of CD8+ T cells. Proliferation and flow cytometry analysis indicated that SEA ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.009
更新日期：2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Aim of this pilot study was to correlate the human exposure to formaldehyde (F) with N-methylenvaline, a molecular adduct formed by addiction of F to the N-terminal valine in hemoglobin. A group of 21 subjects employed in a plywood factory and a laminate factory, and occupationally exposed to F, together with a group ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.016
更新日期：2006-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:To reduce the production of pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other ethers such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) are added to gasoline as oxygenates for more complete combustion. Metabolism of these gasoline ethers is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00389-0
更新日期：1999-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevention of renal diseases induced by chemicals requires the use of tests with which adverse renal effects can be detected at a stage when removal from exposure to the offending agent(s) may lead to complete recovery or may at least prevent an accelerated decline in renal function. The screening tests used in cl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90113-6
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex difference was observed in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of liver in the C3H/He strain of mice. Treatment with estradiol showed an increase in AHH activity in gonadectomized female mice, but not in males. Testosterone, however, lowered AHH activity in both the gonadectomized male and female. Foll...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90148-4
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist, including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs, the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC. The immun...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.001
更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In the olfactory epithelium the primary olfactory neurons are in contact with the environment in the nasal cavity and they are also connected to the olfactory bulbs of the brain. These neurons may therefore provide a pathway by which foreign materials may reach the brain. Inhalation of cobalt-containing dust or fumes ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00266-2
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats (Fisher, Wistar, Donryu and Sprague-Dawley strains) were exposed to 5 approximately 3500 ppm toluene for 8 h, and urine samples were analyzed for hippuric acid and cresols. While hippuric acid increased in proportion to the exposure concentration, a sharp increase in o-cresol excretion was observed at high toluen...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90134-6
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral administration of a single dose of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL, 80 mg/kg body wt.), 2 or 24 h after treatment, caused no significant change in the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphoinositides in rat cerebrum (forebrain), whereas daily administration of DBTL (40 or 80 mg/kg body wt.) for 3 days (24 h after the fi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90198-f
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been emerging as a great health problem in China. However, lack of appropriate animal model slows down the progress in understanding pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of current study is to establish and evaluate a more adequate rat model...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.850
更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that NR2E3, an orphan nuclear receptor, plays an important role in maintaining the basal expression of estrogen receptor α (ER) and that the NR2E3 level is highly correlated with the relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we investigated the role of NR2E3 in benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.1708
更新日期：2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental exposure to the highly persistent chlorinated pesticides including dieldrin and lindane is postulated to be a risk factor to the development of Parkinson's disease, a devastating movement disorder. We have previously reported that the combined treatment with dieldrin and lindane induces a cooperative tox...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.006
更新日期：2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlordimeform (Cdf) is readily absorbed through the skin of pesticide applicators. It also enters the body when breathed into the lungs. Cdf can be found in the urine of workers who handle or are involved in applying pesticide products which contain the chemical, even when they are wearing special protective clothing ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90069-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effective treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the most common cancers in China, are lacking. Longikaurin A (LK-A), an ent-kauranoid diterpenoid isolated from Isodon ternifolius, has been shown to have potent cytotoxic effects on ESCC cells both in vivo and in vitro, mainly by inducing apop...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.005
更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Letimide is a new efficient analgesic salicylate derivative. In this study we evaluated its cytogenetic and teratogenic potential. For chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange analysis we tested 250, 375, 500 and 625 micrograms/ml of letimide in human lymphocyte cultures in vitro, and for the in vivo cyto...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90095-n
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of three generic multi-compartment physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models is described for farm animal species, i.e. cattle, sheep, and swine. The PBK models allow one to quantitatively link external dose and internal dose for risk assessment of chemicals relevant to food and feed safety. Model per...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.008
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that rituximab has a significant radiosensitizing effect on Raji cells in vitro. To investigate whether calcium signals participate in rituximab- and radiation-induced cell death in Raji cells, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to detect kinetic changes in intracellular free calcium ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.018
更新日期：2012-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable cofactor for many enzymes and a basic factor for many reproductive and metabolic pathways. However, exposure to high concentrations of Mn can result in deleterious effects on the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, including nerves associated with the auditory system. Based...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.903
更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytotoxicity in terms of haemolytic potency in vitro of eight surfactants failed to correlate with in vivo rabbit eye irritancy. Ability of the same surfactants to block spontaneous contractions of mouse and rabbit isolated ileum (especially the latter), correlated better with in vivo findings in rabbit eyes. Effectiv...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90062-0
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, the emetic effect of the anticancer drug cisplatin, and protective effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists against cisplatin emesis were investigated in the pigeon. The experimental setting involved the i.v. administration of drugs and subsequent observation of the percentage of vomiting animals an...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90256-j
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently demonstrated that the antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), was suppressed by ethyl carbamate in female BALB/c mice. At the same doses, ethyl carbamate decreased in the numbers of splenic macrophages, B cells, total T cells, CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00306-4
更新日期：2001-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been reported that lead could induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Although mitochondrion is regarded as the most pertinent pathway in mediating apoptosis, the exact mechanisms of lead-induced apoptosis are still largely unknown. Furthermore, there is little information about expressions and regulations...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.643
更新日期：2006-10-10 00:00:00
