Abstract:
:Extracellular recordings were made from the nucleus ambiguous in three conscious Macaca nemestrina monkeys during spontaneous vocalizations and swallows. The temporal relationship of neuronal activity to swallowing was inferred through correlation with the thyroarytenoid electromyographic (EMG) activity. Videofluoroscopic analysis of a fourth monkey during swallows of barium-impregnated fruit juice established the temporal relationship between swallowing and thyroarytenoid EMG activity. Of 691 cells recorded from the nucleus ambiguous and its adjacent area, the neuronal activity of 80 cells showed modulation during swallowing. Sixty-two cells were classified as "active" cells, with increased activity in relation to swallowing, while 18 cells were classified as "suppressed" cells, with tonic activity that reduced with swallowing. A continuum of latency was seen between the onset of modulation of these cells and the onset of swallowing, from "early" before the swallow to "late" after the swallow onset with most of the cells (44 cells) showing modulation near the onset of the swallow. A majority (37) of the 62 active swallowing-related cells also discharged with vocalization, but they demonstrated a lower discharge frequency and a longer burst duration during swallowing. Of the 18 suppressed swallowing-related cells, 11 cells discharged phasically with the respiratory cycle and may be a part of the ventral medullary respiratory center. This chronic awake primate model would preserve the many sensory inputs that may modify the oropharyngeal swallow and may better approximate human physiology.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Chiao GZ,Larson CR,Yajima Y,Ko P,Kahrilas PJdoi
10.1007/BF00227276subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
29-38issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Micturition in the decerebrate cat is characterized by a coordinated bladder contraction and a simultaneous decrease in external urethral sphincter (EUS) efferent activity. Without the suppression of EUS activity, voiding is significantly impaired, resulting in a state sometimes referred to as bladder-sphincter dyssyn...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050345
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the characteristic features of galanin (GAL)-containing nerve afferents in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the rat lumbosacral spinal cord (L6, S1), i.e., spinal parasympathetic nucleus, by immunocytochemistry at both light and electron microscopic levels. Firstly, the types of synapses formed by GA...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229624
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine coherence between surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from two index finger flexor muscles, the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), during and immediately following sustained, fatiguing isometric contraction. Coherence was observed between ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2110-0
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses to binocular visual stimulation were compared in cortical area 18 of normal cats and in cats in which one eye was exodeviated by surgery early in postnatal life. In contrast to normal cats where most units (58%) were binocularly activated, relatively few units (10%) in strabismic cats were activated well by ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238169
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful results obtained by training sessions using optokinetic (OK) stimulations in order to rehabilitate patients with balance disorders motivated this study. The purpose of the study was to measure eye movement parameters and body stabilization during OK stimulation before and after the rehabilitation program. T...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00232446
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we aim to evaluate the ability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which is applied over Wernicke's area and its right homologue, to influence lexical decisions and semantic priming and establish an involvement for temporo-parietal areas in lexical and semantic processing. Thirty-two subjects (17 w...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3416-5
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of the clasp-knife reflex were studied in the soleus muscle of an animal model, the decerebrate cat with a dorsal hemisection of the lower thoracic cord. The reflex is shown to be autogenetic, and to depend on muscle length in keeping with previous suggestions. However, the magnitude of the inhibition i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01474257
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study we have demonstrated the existence of pulvinar (puv) cells which were optimally activated when a monkey executed reaching movements with his limbs (Acuña et al 1983). We now describe further observations in four Macaca nemestrina monkeys trained to perform goal directed reaching movements aimed at ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230847
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adequate postural control is a prerequisite for daily activities such as reaching for an object. However, knowledge on the relationship between postural adjustments and the quality of reaching movements during human ontogeny is scarce. Therefore we evaluated the development of the relationship between the kinematic fe...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0964-6
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A photographic technique was used to study the evolution of lateral head-tilt following hemilabyrinthectomy in adult cats. Animals were maintained post-operatively in normally lit conditions (LM cats), in total darkness (DM cats), or in stroboscopic light. In LM casts, the head tilt peaked at 45 degrees (with the lesi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235707
更新日期:1977-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has highlighted the role of haptic feedback for manual dexterity, in particular for the control of precision grip forces between the index finger and thumb. It is unclear how fine motor skills involving more than just two digits might be affected, especially given that loss of sensation from the hand aff...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05583-2
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived postural stability has been reported to decrease as sway area increases on firm surfaces. However, changes in perceived stability under increasingly challenging conditions (e.g., removal of sensory inputs) and the relationship with sway area are not well characterized. Moreover, whether perceived stability v...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5458-1
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A afferent fibers have been reported to participate in the development of the central sensitization induced by inflammation and injuries. Current evidence suggests that myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) induce central sensitization in the related spinal dorsal horn, and clinical studies indicate that A fibers are asso...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4382-x
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth-pursuit system uses retinal image-slip-velocity information of target motion to match eye velocity to actual target velocity. The caudal part of the frontal eye fields (FEF) contains neurons whose activity is related to direction and velocity of smooth-pursuit eye movements (pursuit neurons), and these neur...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1606-3
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abundant evidence has revealed that social observation could enhance people's norm-enforcement behaviors to norm violators. However, whether such enhancement is strategically reputation-based without changes on awareness of social norms or it is accompanied with strengthened perception of norm violations remains uncle...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05762-6
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that proprioceptive sensory input from the hindlimbs to the anterior cerebellar cortex of the cat may not be simply organized with respect to a body map, but it may also be distributed to multiple discrete functional areas extending beyond classical body map boundaries. With passive hindlimb stepp...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5067-4
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lengthening and shortening contractions are the fundamental patterns of muscle activation underlying various movements. It is still unknown whether or not there is a muscle-specific difference in such a fundamental pattern of muscle activation. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether or not th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0743-9
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity to binocular positional mismatch was evaluated in cat striate cortical neurones, for paired, dichoptically presented, moving sine-wave gratings whose interocular positional phase relationship was varied. Spatial frequency, orientation and velocity were optimized for each neurone. Binocular responses for ea...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227086
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of left and right alignment on the Ebbinghaus illusion were investigated in three experiments. In Experiment 1, the Ebbinghaus illusion was presented on the left or right side, and the points of subjective equality (PSE) were measured. Only the central disk of the figure with small inducers was perceived l...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5168-8
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ensemble properties of unit activity in the rat hippocampus were studied during different behavioral states defined by the presence or absence of the theta rhythm. A 24-channel microelectrode was used to monitor the parallel activity of several single neurons simultaneously. Individual units were characterized by ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239532
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that recreational use of cocaine is associated with significant impairments in the same cognitive control functions that are affected by chronic use. Here we tested whether recreational cocaine use can impact the emergence and resolution of response conflict in conflict-inducing tasks. Recreatio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3724-9
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Automatic attentional capture by a salient distractor can be prevented by spatial attentional control settings (ACSs) (e.g., Yantis and Jonides in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 16:121-134, 1990). Earlier, converging evidence for a spatial ACS (Eason et al. 1969) was found in event-related potentials (ERPs). In the...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3279-1
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gradual increase in iron occurs in the lesioned hippocampus after neuronal injury induced by the excitotoxin kainate, and the present study was carried out to investigate whether this increase in iron might be associated with changes in expression of the iron binding protein, ferritin. An increase in ferritin immuno...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2110-z
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy and latency of reflexive saccades to vibratory stimulation of the fingertips made by normal human subjects and to compare the findings to those of visually guided saccades. METHODS:Eye movements were recorded using infrared oculography. Stimuli were presented via an array of audiometric...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1749-1
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaching to a veridical target permits an egocentric spatial code (i.e., absolute limb and target position) to effect fast and effective online trajectory corrections supported via the visuomotor networks of the dorsal visual pathway. In contrast, a response entailing decoupled spatial relations between stimulus and r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5205-7
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we demonstrate a systematic shift in the perceived location of a tactile stimulus on the arm toward where the eye is looking. Participants reported the perceived position of touches presented between the elbow and the wrist while maintaining eye positions at various eccentricities. The perceived location of the ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1884-4
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The startle reaction (SR) is usually understood as an involuntary reaction to an unexpected sensory input. However, there is evidence that the mechanisms involved in the SR contribute also to the execution of actions that we consider voluntary. We need to exert a fine control of the motor output, which usually involve...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The flow of information in the sensorimotor cortex may determine how somatic information modulates motor cortex neuronal activity during voluntary movement. Electrophysiological recordings and neuroanatomical tracing techniques were used to study the connections between the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and the vi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229854
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the influence of vestibular stimulation by whole-body oscillation in the yaw plane on the cardiorespiratory responses after a change of posture from sitting to standing. Eighteen healthy subjects (21-70 years old) and six patients with bilateral vestibular loss (46-59 years old) were tested. For comparison...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1422-8
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We introduce a method for quantification of movement sway--spontaneous migrations of the center of pressure (COP) during its voluntary shifts. Subjects stood on a force platform or on a board with a narrow support surface ("unstable board") and performed voluntary cyclic shifts of the COP at different frequencies. Mov...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1419-3
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00