Abstract：
:Abortive cycling features transcription initiation by RNA polymerase in both prokaryote and eukaryote. It is known that T7 RNA polymerase produces abortive transcripts up to eight ribonucleotides in length depending on the initial sequence of the DNA message. On the other hand, T7 RNA polymerase initiates DNA replication from the T7 primary origin by synthesizing primers. And the shortest primer from the phi l.lB promoter in the primary origin also seems to be eight ribonucleotides in length. Therefore, it is likely that the longest abortive transcript serves as the shortest primer for T7 DNA replication from the primary origin. Considering that promoters often exist in DNA replication origins for example, E. coli oriC and many eukaryotic origins, the early DNA replication system appears to have taken advantage of the abortive cycling of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that already existed before the emergence of DNA world. The evolutionary primitive RNA polymerase could do both transcription and priming of DNA replication. Accordingly, abortive cycling would play an important role in evolution at the emergence of DNA world. The priming activity of the primitive RNA polymerase would be taken over by primase later, which seems to be a specialized RNA polymerase for abortive cycling.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Matsumoto Jdoi
10.1007/BF00160407subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-01 00:00:00pages
620-4issue
6eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Heterokonts are evolutionarily important as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, all grossly unders...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0353-8
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scorpion venom toxins were systematically classified according to amino acid composition, insertion/deletion events and sequence. The significance of each comparison method and its outcome is discussed in relation to known immunological and structural properties. A general classification of the toxins is proposed that...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02257372
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have performed DNA-DNA hybridization experiments among several species of Drosophila using the evolutionarily conserved portion of the genome representing sequences coding for amino acids of proteins. This was done by using as tracer, radioactively labeled complementary DNA that was reverse transcribed from adult m...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00182390
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of alternating oxidative (respiration) and reductive (glycolysis) energy-yielding reactions. The intracellular concentrations of amino acid precursors generated by these reactions oscillate accordingly, attaining maximal concentration during the middle of their ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-009-9218-5
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pax genes encode transcription factors critical for metazoan development. Large-scale gene duplication with subsequent gene losses during vertebrate evolution has resulted in two human genes for each of the Pax1/9, Pax3/7, and Pax4/6 subfamilies and three for the Pax2/5/8 subfamily, compared to one each in the cephalo...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9113-5
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene content of a mitochondrial (mt) genome, i.e., 37 genes and a large noncoding region (LNR), is usually conserved in Metazoa. The arrangement of these genes and the LNR is generally conserved at low taxonomic levels but varies substantially at high levels. We report here a variation in mt gene content and gene ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0196-y
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. We have studied the evolutionary history of the mammalian ODC mRNA, focusing on the rate of accumulation of sequence divergence within specific subregions of the molecule. The phylogenetic relationships among the mRNAs from severa...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00556360
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Restriction modification (RM) systems serve to protect bacteria against bacteriophages. They comprise a restriction endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves DNA and a corresponding methyltransferase activity that specifically methylates the DNA, thereby protecting it from cleavage. Such systems are very common ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02198833
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genome of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. "Dare" contains a chlorophyll a/b binding (Cab) protein gene family consisting of 10 genes. The primary structures of two linked Cab genes (Cab 4 and Cab 5) were determined. A comparison of the nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences of Cab 4 and Cab 5 revealed a high d...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100210
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in structure among primate hemoglobins is associated with variation in function. This supports the hypothesis that most substitutions observed among homologous proteins in different species have been fixed by natural selection because they contribute to the fitness of the genotype. It does not support the co...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01653958
更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We suggest a nucleotide substitution model that takes correlation between base-paired nucleotides into account. The model includes the estimation of the transition-transversion ratio and allows inference of the shape parameter of a discrete gamma distribution to include rate heterogeneity. A Cox-test statistic, applie...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006590
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:51 polypeptides of known 3-dimensional structures have been submitted to a search for internal similarities. It is shown that the frequency of proteins displaying significant amounts of internal similarities is higher than predicted by chance. A non-negligible part of those similarities probably occurs in connection w...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101639
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DEAD-box proteins are found in all domains of life and participate in almost all cellular processes that involve RNA. The presence of DEAD and Helicase_C conserved domains distinguish these proteins. DEAD-box proteins exhibit RNA-dependent ATPase activity in vitro, and several also show RNA helicase activity. In this ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9441-8
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tests for positive selection have mostly been developed to look for diversifying selection where change away from the current amino acid is often favorable. However, in many cases we are interested in directional selection where there is a shift toward specific amino acids, resulting in increased fitness in the specie...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-016-9765-5
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how beneficial mutations translate into increased fitness. Here, we study beneficial mutations that arise in experimental populations of yeast evolved in glucose-rich media. We find that fitness increases are caused by enhanced maximum growth rate (R) that come at ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9829-9
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:EcoRI restriction of the B. nigra rDNA recombinants, isolated from a lambda genomic library, showed that the 3.9-kb fragment corresponded to the Intergenic Spacer (IGS), which was sequenced and found to be 3,928 bp in size. Sequence and dot-matrix analyses showed that the organization of the B. nigra rDNA IGS was typi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02337518
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the cis- vs. trans-splicing status of the mitochondrial group II intron nad1i728 in 439 species (427 genera) of land plants, using both Southern hybridization results (for 416 species) and intron sequence data from the literature. A total of 164 species (157 genera), all angiosperms, was found to have a tr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2606-y
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have performed a genome-wide analysis of the mimp family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, taking advantage of the recent release of the F. oxysporum genome sequence. Using different approaches, we detected 103 mimp elements, corresponding to 75 nonredundant copies, half of which are located on a ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9164-7
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work represents the first attempt to study in greater detail previously proposed compositional correlations in genomes, based on a body of additional data relating to gene localizations as well as to extended flanking sequences extracted from gene banks. We have investigated the correlations that exist bet...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02102651
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DNA sequences of three members of the Alu family of repeated sequences located 5' to the chimpanzee alpha 2 gene have been determined. The base sequences of the three corresponding human Alu family repeats have been previously determined, permitting the comparison of identical Alu family members in human and chimp...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02115687
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) constitutes the most conserved protein present in all organisms that is known to date. Based on global alignment of HSP70 sequences from organisms representing all three domains, numerous sequence signatures that are specific for prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs have been ident...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00182743
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A+T content, phylogenetic relationships, codon usage, evolutionary rates, and ratio of synonymous versus non-synonymous substitutions have been studied in partial sequences of the atpD and aroQ/pheA genes of primary ( Buchnera) and secondary symbionts of aphids and a set of selected non-symbiotic bacteria, belonging t...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-2307-8
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single likelihood ancestor counting (SLAC), fixed effects likelihood (FEL), and several random effects likelihood (REL) methods were utilized to identify positively and negatively selected sites in sexually induced gene 1 (Sig1) of four different Thalassiosira species. The SLAC analysis did not find any sites affected...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0016-z
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The PIGSFEAST (PF) exon of the Drosophila dumpy gene is undergoing concerted evolution by the process of unequal crossing over. We have developed a long-range PCR-based assay to amplify the approximately 12 kb long exon which contains variable numbers of 303 or 306 nt long repeats in a tandem array. We applied this pr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-010-9327-1
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lake Malawi is home to more than 450 species of endemic cichlids, which provide a spectacular example of adaptive radiation. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships among these fish, we examined the presence and absence of SINEs (short interspersed repetitive elements) at orthologous loci. We identified six loci at ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010240
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine mussels of the genus Mytilus have two types of mitochondrial DNA with separate paternal and maternal inheritance. Females are homoplasmic for an F genome that is transmitted to all offspring, whereas males are heteroplasmic for this F genome and for a highly diverged (> 20%) M genome that is transmitted only to...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-0019-y
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fimbrial adhesins allow bacteria to interact with and attach to their environment. The bacteria possibly benefit from these interactions, but all external structures including adhesins also allow bacteria to be identified by other organisms. Thus adhesion molecules might be under multiple forms of selection including ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010148
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We constructed a cDNA library for the beetle, Tribolium castaneum. This library was screened using a cloned amylase gene from Drosophila melanogaster as a molecular probe. Beetle amylase cDNA clones were isolated from this bank, and the nucleotide sequence was obtained for a cDNA clone with a coding capacity for 228 a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099856
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA polymerase III promoter is located within the coding region in all eukaryotic tRNA genes, whereas in prokaryotic tRNA genes, the promoter is located upstream of the transcription initiation site. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence context of the A and B boxes of RNA polymerase III promoters from different unicell...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2504-8
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana has been determined. It extends the present knowledge of mitochondrial genomes to the crustacean class and supplies molecular markers for future comparative studies in this large branch of the arthropod phylum. Artemia mtDNA is 15,...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160272
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
