The Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase.

Abstract:

:Raf-1 belongs to a family of serine/threonine protein kinases which are highly conserved through evolution in multicellular organisms. Raf-1 kinase has gained much attention due to its function as a critical shuttle enzyme that connects stimulation of growth factor receptors and protein kinase C at the cell membrane to changes in the expression of genes involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation and survival. Regulation of Raf-1 activity is complex and involves Ras, as well as several serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. Through a series of phosphorylation events, extracellular signals are connected through the Raf-1/MAP kinase pathway to activity-regulation of several oncogene-class transcription factors via phosphorylation of specific serine residues. Under ordinary circumstances, the cascade involving Raf-1 eventually leads to changes in gene expression and protein synthesis. Upon constitutive activation of Raf-1 kinase, as a result of genetic changes, a variety of cell types acquire a transformed phenotype.

journal_name

Semin Cancer Biol

authors

Magnuson NS,Beck T,Vahidi H,Hahn H,Smola U,Rapp UR

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-08-01 00:00:00

pages

247-53

issue

4

eissn

1044-579X

issn

1096-3650

journal_volume

5

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Proteomic research in sarcomas - current status and future opportunities.

    abstract::Sarcomas are a rare group of mesenchymal cancers comprising over 70 different histological subtypes. For the majority of these diseases, the molecular understanding of the basis of their initiation and progression remains unclear. As such, limited clinical progress in prognosis or therapeutic regimens have been made o...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.003

    authors: Burns J,Wilding CP,L Jones R,H Huang P

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer: Recent progress, new challenges and emerging opportunities.

    abstract::Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to many other malignancies, CRC is a heterogeneous disease, making it a clinical challenge for optimization of treatment modalities in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. A more precise under...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.002

    authors: Wang W,Kandimalla R,Huang H,Zhu L,Li Y,Gao F,Goel A,Wang X

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Repurposing drugs in oncology: From candidate selection to clinical adoption.

    abstract::Drug repurposing is a strategy that aims to develop novel cancer treatments through the reuse of existing medicines developed in other disease areas. Such a strategy includes the identification of candidate drugs, clinical development, drug licensing, reimbursement and clinical implementation. This review outlines a l...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.008

    authors: Pantziarka P,Verbaanderd C,Huys I,Bouche G,Meheus L

    更新日期:2020-01-23 00:00:00

  • The role of the B-cell receptor in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

    abstract::The key molecule for normal B cells is the surface Ig (sIg) of the B-cell receptor, which influences cell behaviour, even after neoplastic transformation. During B-cell maturation, sIg accumulates somatic mutations in the Ig variable region (V) genes and tumours retain these patterns, thereby revealing the point of di...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.08.004

    authors: Packham G,Stevenson F

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Prostate-specific antigen.

    abstract::Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is serine protease produced at high concentrations by normal and malignant prostatic epithelium. It is mainly secreted into seminal fluid, where it digests the gel forming after ejaculation. Only minor amounts of PSA leak out into circulation from the normal prostate, but the release of...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1006/scbi.1998.0086

    authors: Stenman UH,Leinonen J,Zhang WM,Finne P

    更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00

  • Bacterial infection increases risk of carcinogenesis by targeting mitochondria.

    abstract::As up to a fifth of all cancers worldwide, have now been linked to microbial infections, it is essential to understand the carcinogenic nature of the bacterial/host interaction. This paper reviews the bacterial targeting of mediators of mitochondrial genomic fidelity and of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and compar...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.003

    authors: Strickertsson JAB,Desler C,Rasmussen LJ

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • The role of exosomes in cancer metastasis.

    abstract::Exosomes are small membrane vesicles with a size ranging from 40 to 100nm. They can serve as functional mediators in cell interaction leading to cancer metastasis. Metastasis is a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment to and colonization of the host organ. Exosomes in...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.006

    authors: Steinbichler TB,Dudás J,Riechelmann H,Skvortsova II

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy of cancer and tumor escape mechanisms.

    abstract::In animal models complete and permanent eradication of tumors can be achieved by adoptive transfer of tumor specific T cells, combined with interleukin 2. The most active cells are CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which recognize peptides of 8-10 amino acids in length, bound to the antigen presenting groove of MHC ...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Melief CJ,Kast WM

    更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00

  • SVA retrotransposons: Evolution and genetic instability.

    abstract::SINE-VNTR-Alus (SVA) are non-autonomous hominid specific retrotransposons that are associated with disease in humans. SVAs are evolutionarily young and presumably mobilized by the LINE-1 reverse transcriptase in trans. SVAs are currently active and may impact the host through a variety of mechanisms including insertio...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.04.001

    authors: Hancks DC,Kazazian HH Jr

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts in desmoplastic tumors: emerging role of integrins.

    abstract::The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex meshwork of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules filled with a collection of cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), blood vessel associated smooth muscle cells, pericytes, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells and a variety of immune cells. In tumor...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.004

    authors: Zeltz C,Primac I,Erusappan P,Alam J,Noel A,Gullberg D

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • The microenvironments of multistage carcinogenesis.

    abstract::Overt neoplasia is often the result of a chronic disease process encompassing an extended segment of the lifespan of any species. A common pathway in the natural history of the disease is the appearance of focal proliferative lesions that are known to act as precursors for cancer development. It is becoming increasing...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.03.019

    authors: Laconi E,Doratiotto S,Vineis P

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Role of protein phosphatase 2A in Drosophila development.

    abstract::The molecular cloning of protein phosphatase 2A subunits from Drosophila has provided insights into the role this enzyme plays in developmental processes and in cell cycle regulation. The trimeric holoenzyme containing the catalytic, 65-kDa and 55-kDa regulatory subunits appears to be preferentially expressed in proli...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/scbi.1995.0032

    authors: Mayer-Jaekel RE,Hemmings BA

    更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • System approaches of Weiss and Bertalanffy and their relevance for systems biology today.

    abstract::System approaches in biology have a long history. We focus here on the thinking of Paul A. Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy, who contributed a great deal towards making the system concept operable in biology in the early 20th century. To them, considering whole living systems, which includes their organisation or orde...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.05.001

    authors: Drack M,Wolkenhauer O

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Matrix Metalloproteinases: A challenging paradigm of cancer management.

    abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of zinc-dependent endopeptidases implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Over the decades, MMPs have been studied for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. As a result, accumulated evidence of MMPs incriminating role has m...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.008

    authors: Alaseem A,Alhazzani K,Dondapati P,Alobid S,Bishayee A,Rathinavelu A

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Natural selection in neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus.

    abstract::Neoplasms progress to cancer through a process of natural selection. The rate of evolution, and thus progression is determined by three parameters: mutation rate, population size of the evolving neoplastic cells, and intensity of selection or rate of clonal expansion. All three parameters are reviewed in the context o...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.06.004

    authors: Maley CC,Reid BJ

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • Specificity, selection and significance of gene amplifications in cancer.

    abstract::DNA copy number amplifications activate oncogenes and are found in the majority of advanced solid tumors. Cell-lineage specificity and oncogene affinity of DNA amplifications in cancer suggest that properties of precursor stem cells and selection pressure in the tissue micro-environment determine the genomic location ...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.10.005

    authors: Myllykangas S,Böhling T,Knuutila S

    更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00

  • Role of EBER and BARF1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis.

    abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) is the most abundant EBV viral transcript and is used as a target molecule to detect EBV-infected cells in tissues by in situ hybridization. EBER is expected to form double-stranded RNA-like structures. The results of the present study show that EBER contributes to onc...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.007

    authors: Takada K

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): Positive and negative regulators in tumor cell adhesion.

    abstract::Cells adhere to one another and/or to matrices that surround them. Regulation of cell-cell (intercellular) and cell-matrix adhesion is tightly controlled in normal cells, however, defects in cell adhesion are common in the majority of human cancers. Multilateral communication among tumor cells with the extracellular m...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.05.002

    authors: Bourboulia D,Stetler-Stevenson WG

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Crosstalk between DNA repair and cancer stem cell (CSC) associated intracellular pathways.

    abstract::DNA damaging agents (ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutics) are considered as most effective in cancer treatment. However, there is a subpopulation of carcinoma cells within the tumour demonstrating resistance to DNA damaging treatment approaches. It is suggested that limited tumour response to this kind of therapy...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.002

    authors: Skvortsov S,Debbage P,Lukas P,Skvortsova I

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Higher grade transformation of follicular lymphoma: phenotypic tumor progression associated with diverse genetic lesions.

    abstract::Higher grade histological transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL) to more aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) occurs in 10-60% of the cases. Review of the current knowledge of genetic and molecular alterations associated with the higher grade transformation of FCL suggests that the process that leads ...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s1044-579x(03)00015-4

    authors: Lossos IS,Levy R

    更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00

  • Genomics of gynaecological carcinosarcomas and future treatment options.

    abstract::Gynaecological carcinosarcomas are the most lethal gynaecological malignancies that are often highly resistant to standard chemotherapy. They are composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and are associated with high rates of metastatic disease. Due to their rarity, molecular studies have been carried ...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.006

    authors: Barker HE,Scott CL

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Autophagy proteins influence endocytosis for MHC restricted antigen presentation.

    abstract::T cells of the adaptive immune system monitor protein degradation products via their presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to recognize infected cells. Both macroautophagy and endocytosis target intra- and extracellular constituents, respectively, for lysosomal degradation. This results in a...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.005

    authors: Münz C

    更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00

  • Hereditary breast cancer: a review.

    abstract::Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and a major cause of death in middle-aged women. A positive family history of breast cancer is one of the strongest risk factors for the disease. In addition, many afflicted breast cancer families are characterized by early onset and bilateral tumors, and also, in som...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1006/scbi.2000.0325

    authors: Arver B,Du Q,Chen J,Luo L,Lindblom A

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Aberrations in DNA repair pathways in cancer and therapeutic significances.

    abstract::Cancer cells show various types of mutations and aberrant expression in genes involved in DNA repair responses. These alterations induce genome instability and promote carcinogenesis steps and cancer progression processes. These defects in DNA repair have also been considered as suitable targets for cancer therapies. ...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.005

    authors: Motegi A,Masutani M,Yoshioka KI,Bessho T

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • RNA interference: gene silencing in the fast lane.

    abstract::Sequencing of whole genomes has provided new perspectives into the blueprints of diverse organisms. Knowing the sequences, however, does not always tell us much about the function of the genes that regulate development and homeostasis. RNA interference (RNAi) is becoming the method of choice for gene function analysis...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s1044-579x(03)00039-7

    authors: Kittler R,Buchholz F

    更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00

  • The bcl-2 gene family.

    abstract::Viability is a fundamental determinant of all cellular functions, and regulation of cell viability is important in shaping tissue differentiation and organism development. The genes in the bcl-2 family can profoundly influence cell viability. In addition to bcl-2, cellular genes in this family include bcl-x, bax, mcl-...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1006/scbi.1995.0005

    authors: Craig RW

    更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00

  • Oncogene- and tumor suppressor gene-mediated suppression of cellular senescence.

    abstract::Data accumulating during the last two decades suggest that tumorigenesis is held in check by two major intrinsic failsafe mechanisms; apoptosis and cellular senescence. While apoptosis is a programmed cell death process, cellular senescence, which is the focus of this article, is defined as irreversible cell cycle arr...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.10.005

    authors: Larsson LG

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • The roles of sirtuins family in cell metabolism during tumor development.

    abstract::Altering energy metabolism to meet the uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis has emerged as one of the most significant hallmarks in tumors. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and regulatory actions underlying have not been fully elucidated. As a family of NAD+ dependent protein modifying enzymes, sirtuins...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.003

    authors: Zhu S,Dong Z,Ke X,Hou J,Zhao E,Zhang K,Wang F,Yang L,Xiang Z,Cui H

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Proteoglycan signaling in tumor angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy.

    abstract::The need for more effective cancer therapies is omnipresent as the ever-complex, and highly adaptive, mechanisms of tumor biology allow this disease to elude even the most stringent treatment options. The expanding field of proteoglycan signaling is enticing as a reservoir of potential drug targets and prospects for n...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.003

    authors: Gubbiotti MA,Buraschi S,Kapoor A,Iozzo RV

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • T antigen transgenic mouse models.

    abstract::The study of polyomavirus has benefited immensely from two scientific methodologies, cell culture and in vitro studies on one side and the use of transgenic mice as experimental models on the other. Both approaches allowed us to identify cellular products targeted by the viruses, the consequences of these interactions...

    journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.02.002

    authors: Sáenz Robles MT,Pipas JM

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00