Abstract:
:Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) isoforms ERK1 and ERK2 was investigated in rat adipocytes. Kinase activities were measured by using myelin basic protein as substrate after the isoforms were resolved by Mono Q chromatography or by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. Insulin increased the activity of both isoforms by 3- to 4-fold. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was without effect in the absence of insulin but markedly reduced the increases in ERK1 and ERK2 activities produced by the hormone. MAP kinase activation was also attenuated by forskolin and glucagon, which increase intracellular cAMP, and by dibutyryl-cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP, and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP. Thus, increasing cAMP is associated with decreased activation of MAP kinase by insulin. Forskolin also inhibited activation of MAP kinase by several agents (epidermal growth factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and okadaic acid) that act independently of insulin receptors. Moreover, forskolin did not inhibit insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1. Therefore, the inhibitory effect on MAP kinase did not result from compromised functioning of the insulin receptor. The inhibitory effect was not confined to adipocytes, as forskolin and dibutyryl-cAMP inhibited the increase in MAP kinase activity by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in wild-type CHO cells. In contrast, these agents did not inhibit MAP kinase activity in mutant CHO cells (line 10248) that express a cAMP-dependent protein kinase resistant to activation by cAMP. Our results suggest that activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase represents a general counter-regulatory mechanism for opposing MAP kinase activation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sevetson BR,Kong X,Lawrence JC Jrdoi
10.1073/pnas.90.21.10305subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-11-01 00:00:00pages
10305-9issue
21eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Particles composed of secondary organic material (SOM) are abundant in the lower troposphere. The viscosity of these particles is a fundamental property that is presently poorly quantified yet required for accurate modeling of their formation, growth, evaporation, and environmental impacts. Using two unique techniques...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219548110
更新日期:2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::We show that the stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) brought about by tumor necrosis factor alpha and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can be inhibited by adding N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). NAC, which replenishes intracellular glutathione, effectively inhibits the tumor necrosis factor alpha- or phorbol es...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4884
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rad51 is a highly conserved eukaryotic homolog of the prokaryotic recombination protein RecA, which has been shown to function in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination in yeast. In primary murine B cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate heavy chain class switch recombin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10222
更新日期:1996-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular recognition by proteins is fundamental to molecular biology. Dissection of the thermodynamic energy terms governing protein-ligand interactions has proven difficult, with determination of entropic contributions being particularly elusive. NMR relaxation measurements have suggested that changes in protein con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1621154114
更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::In early brain development, ascending thalamocortical axons (TCAs) navigate through the ventral telencephalon (VTel) to reach their target regions in the young cerebral cortex. Descending, deep-layer cortical axons subsequently target appropriate thalamic and subcortical target regions. However, precisely how and when...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1324215111
更新日期:2014-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::The complete amino acid sequence for human erythrocyte band 4.2 has been derived from the nucleotide sequence of a full-length 2.35-kilobase (kb) cDNA. The 2.35-kb cDNA was isolated from a human reticulocyte cDNA library made in the expression vector lambda gt11. Of the 2348 base pairs (bp), 2073 bp encode 691 amino a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.613
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The explosive growth in citizen science combined with a recalcitrance on the part of mainstream science to fully embrace this data collection technique demands a rigorous examination of the factors influencing data quality and project efficacy. Patterns of contributor effort and task performance have been well reviewe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1073/pnas.1807186115
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::During mitochondrial ATP synthesis, F1-ATPase-the portion of the ATP synthase that contains the catalytic and regulatory nucleotide binding sites-undergoes a series of concerted conformational changes that couple proton translocation to the synthesis of the high levels of ATP required for cellular function. In the str...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11065
更新日期:1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The light-entrained master central circadian clock (CC) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) not only controls the diurnal alternance of the active phase (the light period of the human light-dark cycle, but the mouse dark period) and the rest phase (the human dark period, but the mouse light period), but also ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519807112
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neovascular diseases of the retina include age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, and together they comprise the leading causes of adult-onset blindness in developed countries. Current surgical, pharmaceutical, and laser therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) rarely result in improved...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.122247299
更新日期:2002-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the regulation of midbrain dopamine neurons, recordings were obtained from single neurons of freely moving, genetically engineered dopamine-deficient (DD) mice. DD mice were tested without dopamine signaling (basal state) and with endogenous dopamine signaling (after L-dopa administration). In the basal sta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0405084101
更新日期:2004-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Island biogeography theory posits that species richness increases with island size and decreases with isolation. This logic underpins much conservation policy and regulation, with preference given to conserving large, highly connected areas, and relative ambivalence shown toward protecting small, isolated habitat patc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1813051115
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The association between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely exploited for its therapeutic potential. The effects of chronic nicotine exposure on Abeta accumulation have been studied in both humans and animal models, but its therapeutic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408500102
更新日期:2005-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::A neuroethological approach to human and nonhuman primate behavior and cognition predicts biological specializations for social life. Evidence reviewed here indicates that ancestral mechanisms are often duplicated, repurposed, and differentially regulated to support social behavior. Focusing on recent research from no...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301213110
更新日期:2013-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular proteolytic processing of precursor polypeptides is an essential step in the maturation of many proteins, including plasma proteins, hormones, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Most frequently, propeptide cleavage occurs after paired basic amino acid residues. To date, no mammalian propeptide processing...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9378
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of gene expression through translational control is a fundamental mechanism implicated in many biological processes ranging from memory formation to innate immunity and whose dysregulation contributes to human diseases. Genome wide analyses of translational control strive to identify differential translatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1006821107
更新日期:2010-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridoma technology was used for preparation of murine monoclonal antibodies of high titer against bone-Gla protein and osteonectin. A procedure of immunization and hybridization similar to that already described [Katzmann, J.A., Nesheim, M.E., Hibbard, L.S. & Mann, K.G. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 162-166;...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.9.2868
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cereal agriculture originated with the domestication of barley and early forms of wheat in the Fertile Crescent. There has long been speculation that barley was domesticated more than once. We use differences in haplotype frequency among geographic regions at multiple loci to infer at least two domestications of barle...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611377104
更新日期:2007-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression is controlled by sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs), which bind to regulatory sequences in DNA. TF binding occurs in nucleosome-depleted regions of DNA (NDRs), which generally encompass regions with lengths similar to those protected by nucleosomes. However, less is known about where within ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804663115
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619326114
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) [Kubo, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.686
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic cell hybridization of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and HEL cells, a human erythroleukemia line that produces fetal (gamma) but fails to express adult (beta) globin, was used to test whether the expression of the two human globin genes is regulated cis or trans. An experimental approach using anti-human gl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.3.780
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA, the C2 donor for de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. We have identified 64 exons, including 7 alternatively spliced minor exons (1A, 1B, 1C, 3, 5A', 5A, and 5B) in human ACC1 gene ( approximately 330 kb). The gene is regulated by three pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1332670100
更新日期:2003-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Many cellular cargoes move bidirectionally along microtubules, driven by teams of plus- and minus-end-directed motor proteins. To probe the forces exerted on cargoes during intracellular transport, we examined latex beads phagocytosed into living mammalian macrophages. These latex bead compartments (LBCs) are encased ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215462109
更新日期:2012-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) adopt heterogeneous ensembles of conformations under physiological conditions. Understanding the relationship between amino acid sequence and conformational ensembles of IDPs can help clarify the role of disorder in physiological function. Recent studies revealed that polar IDP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0911107107
更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive assay for detection of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has been developed. This assay depends on the ability of polymerase II to elongate a small RNA primer, oligo(U), hybridized to a single-stranded homopolymeric DNA template, poly(dA). The poly(dA).oligo(U)-dependent RNA polymerase II from calf thymus has b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.7979
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activated transcription of the bacteriophage T4 late genes, which is coupled to concurrent DNA replication, is accomplished by an initiation complex containing the host RNA polymerase associated with two phage-encoded proteins, gp55 (the basal promoter specificity factor) and gp33 (the coactivator), as well as the DNA...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113328108
更新日期:2011-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::The trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.16.2, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)] in adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia by short-term (1-2 hr) cold stress (4 degrees) exhibits a circadian rhythm which seems to be causally relate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.4.1415
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While we have come to appreciate the architectural complexity of microbially synthesized secondary metabolites, far less attention has been paid to linking their structural features with possible modes of action. This is certainly the case with tropodithietic acid (TDA), a broad-spectrum antibiotic generated by marine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1518034113
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Old noninbred fly mortality decreases according to the inverse linear law and reduces to a single suborder-specific age. Relative child mortality (the mortality at a given age related to the mortality at 10 years) from 1 mo to 11 years is the same with 8% mean accuracy for all humans, independent of race, country, sex...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.9037
更新日期:1998-07-21 00:00:00