Abstract:
:In the search for 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine derivatives, we have found 6-benzyl-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-uracil (MKC-442) to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). The IC50 value of MKC-442 for HIV-1 RT was 8 nM. MKC-442 did not inhibit HIV-1 RNase H, other RTs, or DNA polymerase alpha. Because its inhibitory pattern showed noncompetitive inhibition with regard to nucleotide substrates, its mode of action was considered to be allosteric inhibition. From the results of combination studies, MKC-442 was found to produce synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 RT with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) 5'-triphosphate (AZT.TP). The dose of AZT.TP required for 50% inhibition was reduced to one tenth of control in the presence of a half dose of MKC-442. Although other allosteric inhibitors (Nevirapine, L-696,229, and R82,913) had the same specificity for enzyme inhibition, they did not show synergism with AZT.TP in the combination index and synergy plot analyses. Synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 replication by MKC-442 and AZT has also been observed in HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells. These results suggest that MKC-442 is a unique inhibitor of HIV-1 RT, and combination therapy with MKC-442 and AZT could be advantageous in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
journal_name
Mol Pharmacoljournal_title
Molecular pharmacologyauthors
Yuasa S,Sadakata Y,Takashima H,Sekiya K,Inouye N,Ubasawa M,Baba Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
895-900issue
4eissn
0026-895Xissn
1521-0111journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Carbachol is 100 times more potent for inhibiting cyclic AMP formation than for stimulating phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in chick heart cells. To determine whether this reflects differences in agonist affinity of the receptor(s) coupled to the two responses, we measured these functional responses following removal...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarylsulfonylurea (DSU) antitumor agents represent a new class of oncolytic compounds with an unknown, potentially novel, mechanism of action. At high concentrations of several of these agents, cytotoxicity appears to be a consequence of uncoupling of mitochondria. However, the mechanism of action at pharmacologicall...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systematic series of monoamines, diamines, and triamines were used to define the structural requirements for interaction at the polyamine recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. Effects of amines on binding of [3H]MK-801 to washed synaptic plasma membranes were measured in the presence of L-glut...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organic anion transporter-1 (OAT1) mediates the body disposition of a diverse array of clinically important drugs, including anti-HIV therapeutics, antitumor drugs, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and anti-inflammatories. Therefore, understanding the regulation of OAT1 has profound clinical significance. We previously...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.113.086769
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of tournefolic acid B (TAB) and two ester derivatives, TAB methyl ester (TABM) and TAB ethyl ester (TABE), on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Treatment with 50 microM NMDA elicited neuronal death by 48.7 +/- 5.1%, coinciding with the appe...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.105.018770
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs) play an important role in modulating mRNA stability, being the target site of many ARE-binding proteins (AUBPs) that are involved in the decay process. Three 26-mer 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides (ORNs) homologous to the core region of ARE of bcl2 mRNA have been studied for decoy...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.106.029041
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reported previously the formation of a glutathionyl conjugate of the active metabolite (AM) of clopidogrel and the covalent modification of a cysteinyl residue of human cytochrome P450 2B6 in a reconstituted system (Mol Pharmacol 80:839-847, 2011). In this work, we extended our studies of the metabolism of clopidog...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.112.079061
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A substantial body of research implicates L-cysteine sulfinic acid (L-CSA) as a neurotransmitter. However, all physiological actions of L-CSA that have been pharmacologically characterized are mediated by cross-activation of glutamate receptors, and no receptor has been identified that is primarily activated by L-CSA....
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (ABG-001) is a lead compound derived from neuritogenic gentisides. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which ABG-001 induces neurite outgrowth in a rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, phosphatidy...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.115.097758
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced plasticity of excitatory synapses has been proposed to be the cellular mechanism underlying the aberrant learning associated with addiction. Exposure to various drugs of abuse causes both morphological plasticity of dendritic spines and functional plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission. Chronic ac...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.112.078162
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of dopamine agonists and antagonists to compete with [3H]spiperone binding to rat striatal membrane preparations at 4, 15, 26, and 37 degrees varied markedly with temperature. Dopamine and the dopamine agonist 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide (ADTN) were more potent at lower...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine receptors of the A1 and A2 subtypes were characterized in membranes from DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells. These cells possess a high density of A1 adenosine receptors (Bmax = 0.8-0.9 pmol/mg of protein), as measured by both agonist and antagonist radioligands. Agonists compete for [125I]N6-[2-(4-amino-3-iodoph...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An opioid-like receptor has been cloned by several groups of researchers and recently shown to be activated by an endogenous heptadecapeptide termed orphanin FQ (or nociceptin). We isolated the corresponding mouse cDNA and coexpressed it in Xenopus laevis oocytes with the potassium channel subunits Kir3.1 (GIRK1) and ...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bitopic binding properties apply to a variety of muscarinic compounds that span and simultaneously bind to both the orthosteric and allosteric receptor sites. We provide evidence that fluorescent pirenzepine derivatives, with the M1 antagonist fused to the boron-dipyrromethene [Bodipy (558/568)] fluorophore via spacer...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.113.085670
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytosolic sulfotransferase 1C3 (SULT1C3) is the least characterized of the three human SULT1C subfamily members. Originally identified as an orphan SULT by computational analysis of the human genome, we recently reported that SULT1C3 is expressed in human intestine and LS180 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and is upre...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.116.106005
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healing of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions occurs through two processes: an early one involving cell migration and a later one in which cell division replaces lost cells. Both processes require the presence of polyamines, but the mechanism of action of these compounds is unknown. In the present study, we examined the...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The congenital long QT syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by a delay in cardiac repolarization, leading to lethal cardiac arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes. One form of this disease involves mutations in the voltage-dependent cardiac Na(+) channel, which includes an in-frame deletion of three amino a...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyamides are a class of synthetic molecules that exhibit high-affinity, sequence-specific reversible binding in the DNA minor groove but are incapable of inducing DNA damage. In cell-free systems, polyamides have been shown to regulate gene expression by activation, repression, and antirepression. However, effective...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.104.006254
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::GH3 cells show spontaneous activity characterized by bursts of action potentials and oscillations in [Ca 2+]i. This activity is modulated by the activation of exogenously expressed opioid receptors. In GH3 cells expressing only micro receptors (GH3MOR cells), the micro receptor-specific ligand [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-o...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.63.1.89
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular protons inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors with an IC50 value in the physiological pH range. To identify the molecular determinants of proton sensitivity, we used scanning mutagenesis of the NR1 subunit to search for residues that control proton inhibition of NMDA receptors. Homology modeling ...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.63.6.1212
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.111.073262
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine uptake via nucleoside transporters is inhibited when S49 and NG108-15 cell lines cells are exposed to ethanol. This inhibition leads to an accumulation of extracellular adenosine that binds to adenosine A2 receptors and increases cAMP production. Subsequently, there is a heterologous desensitization of recep...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant that also has usefulness as a smoking-cessation aid. Because hydroxybupropion, a major metabolite of bupropion, is believed to contribute to its antidepressant activity, this metabolite may also contribute to the smoking-cessation properties of bupropion. This study investigated...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.104.001313
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up-regulation of fractalkine is involved in vascular and tissue damage in inflammatory conditions. Resveratrol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Its regulatory effects on expression of fractalkine in vascular endothelial cells and fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in monocytes ...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.106.022392
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on their relative affinities for cholecystokinin octapeptide (26-33) (CCK-8), cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (30-33) (CCK-4), desulfated CCK-8, and gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors have been classified as CCK-A (alimentary) and CCK-B (brain). Selective nonpeptide antagonists of CCK-A and CCK-B receptors, a...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1124/mol.66.1.97
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 'epoxygenase' eicosanoid analog, 14, 15-cis-episulfide-eicosatrienoic acid, has several unique pharmacological effects on platelets. These include (i) inhibition of ionophore A23187- but not thrombin-induced activation, (ii) inhibition of thromboxane B2 biosynthesis derived from endogenous but not exogenous arachid...
journal_title:Molecular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00