Abstract：
:In the field of aquatic toxicology, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) have developed as scientifically credible tools for predicting the toxicity of chemicals when little or no empirical data are available. A fundamental understanding of toxicological principles has been considered an important component to the acceptance and application of QSAR approaches as biologically relevant in ecological risk assessments. As a consequence, there has been an evolution of QSAR development and application from that of a chemical-class perspective to one that is more consistent with assumptions regarding modes of toxic action. In this review, techniques to assess modes of toxic action from chemical structure are discussed, with consideration that toxicodynamic knowledge bases must be clearly defined with regard to exposure regimes, biological models/endpoints and compounds that adequately span the diversity of chemicals anticipated for future applications. With such knowledge bases, classification systems, including rule-based expert systems, have been established for use in predictive aquatic toxicology applications. The establishment of QSAR techniques that are based on an understanding of toxic mechanisms is needed to provide a link to physiologically based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models, which can provide the means to extrapolate adverse effects across species and exposure regimes.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Bradbury SPdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03374-tsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
229-37issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03374-Tjournal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:PFAS are man-made compounds that are highly spread in the environment. Human dietary exposure to such contaminants is of high concern as they may accumulate in the food chain. Different studies already demonstrated the importance of the fish consumption in the dietary exposure of these molecules and the potential incr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.028
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has to be metabolically activated by specific cytochromes before it can react with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins or DNA). Although hepatocytes are believed to be responsible for this activation, the liver tumours originate mainly from non-parenchymal cells (N...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00400-3
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of four phthalates, i.e., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) on necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied on mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the phthalates ca...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.001
更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known in humans and mouse models, that drinking water exposures to arsenite (As+3) leads to immunotoxicity. Previously, our group showed that certain types of immune cells are extremely sensitive to arsenic induced genotoxicity. In order to see if cells from different immune organs have differential sensitivitie...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Untargeted metabolomic approaches offer new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the molecular events related to toxic exposure. This study proposes a metabolomic investigation of biochemical alterations occurring in urine as a result of dioxin toxicity. Urine samples were collected from Czech chemical workers ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.031
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Two-week oral administration of MDL-19,660, a triazole antidepressant compound, resulted in a dose-related thrombocytopenia in rats given 40-360 mg/kg/d and dogs treated with 5-50 mg/kg/d. Consumptive loss of platelets was not apparent since splenomegaly, hemorrhage, microscopic thrombi or prolonged coagulation times ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90098-q
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of sublethal concentration (0.8 of LC50 96 h) of nickel sulphate (NiSO4 X 7H2O) on muscle glycogen and blood lactic acid levels of a freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus, at time intervals from 3-96 h have been recorded. Muscle glycogen levels showed a general decrease at all time intervals compared with contr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90193-0
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine (COC) produces hepatotoxicity by a mechanism, which remains undefined, but has been linked to its oxidative metabolism. Ketamine (KET) is also a potentially hepatotoxic agent. The abuse of KET with COC is currently popular among young abusers therefore; this study was conducted to investigate the possible pote...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.035
更新日期：2004-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were incubated with dilutions of natural or synthetic crude oils and subsequently exposed to near ultraviolet light (NUV). Although the magnitude of photo-induced cytotoxicity in CHO was essentially independent of the source of the oil (within a factor of two), two shale oils...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90205-3
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International scientific committees, regional scientific committees such as those of the European Union, and national regulatory agencies generally use the uncertainly factor approach for establishing acceptable or tolerable intakes of substances that exhibit thresholds of toxicity. No observed adverse effect levels (...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.003
更新日期：2008-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The activities of vanadium oxide (V2O3), vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in inducing sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CAb) were assayed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The toxic concentrations (TC50) for these compounds were found to be 25, 23 and 16 micrograms el...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90026-i
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sertoli cells play a pivotal role in supporting proliferation of germ cells and differentiation during spermatogenesis in mammals. Nanomolar concentrations of Bisphenol A (BPA) can significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse immature Sertoli (TM4) cells. However, mechanisms by which BPA caused these effects wer...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.035
更新日期：2014-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Trichothecenes are mycotoxins which produce lethal toxicosis in humans and animals, yet no adequate therapeutic regimen has been developed. This study provides evidence that the selective platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 52021 (5-15 mg/kg i.v.) can prolong the survival of conscious rats exposed to a hig...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90008-7
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and induced apoptosis in DB...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Phytosterols (PS) are naturally occurring compounds present in food products of plant origin. Due to reported positive health effects, some food products are also enriched with PS. In the same way as cholesterol is oxidised, PS also oxidise to a variety of oxidation products (POPs). The biological effects and safety a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.07.006
更新日期：2007-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Two groups, each of 4 rabbits, 17 and 4 months old, respectively, were given s.c. administrations of cadmium (Cd) at a dose level of 0.5 mg/kg/day 6 times per week for up to 32 weeks. In 17-month-old rabbits, low-molecular-weight proteinuria appeared in the 3rd week, proteinuria, glycosuria and anemia in the 6th week;...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90123-x
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children may be inherently more vulnerable than adults to the lethal effects associated with chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) exposure because of their closer proximity to the ground, smaller body mass, higher respiratory rate, increased skin permeability and immature metabolic systems. Unfortunately, there have on...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.023
更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study experiments are described, which indicate that the exposure of normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) to a low-frequency electromagnetic field of 20 Hz and 7-8 mT does induce terminal differentiation within 14 days of daily exposure of 12 h. As demonstrated by the analysis of the expression level of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00095-2
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) kinetics were compared in rats before, during and after partial starvation. Food restriction produced a drastic mobilization of the residues stored in the adipose tissue resulting in symptoms of neurotoxicity. The redistribution was reversibl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90105-1
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been demonstrated to be inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes and some of their effects such as hormonal imbalance, and alteration of lipid and porphyrin metabolism could be ascribed to this mechanism. For this reason, the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (DGA), an indire...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00226-1
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfolane is a solvent which produces hypothermia and decreased oxygen consumption following acute exposure. In the present experiment, we investigated effects of sulfolane on a behavioral measure of toxicity at ambient temperatures which would either prevent or facilitate the development of hypothermia. Adult male Lo...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90018-9
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothronine-thyroxin (T3-T4) hormones levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Thirty rats were used in three independent groups, 10 of which were control (withou...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.03.006
更新日期：2005-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) is inducible by various stimuli such as metals and physiological stress. Although elevated MT expression in certain type of tumors has been reported, there are few data available on the roles of MT in tumor formation. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined MT expression in gluthathione S...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00127-7
更新日期：1999-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as Group 2B carcinogen and is one of the main components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which are generated from incomplete combustion of automobile engines to cause human cancer or inflammatory diseases. Although many reports on the mutagenesis or carcinogenesis of 1-NP have been ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.028
更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for farm animals are of growing interest in food and feed safety with key applications for regulated compounds including quantification of tissue concentrations, kinetic parameters and the setting of safe exposure levels on an internal dose basis. The development and applicat...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.021
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral doses of the new cephalosporin cefepime administered to rats for 14 days (40 mg/kg/day) did not affect the activities of the hepatic drug metabolising enzymes measured. By contrast there were highly statistically significant increases in all measured parameters in rats treated with phenobarbitone (80 mg/kg/day), ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90199-6
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, we evaluated the regulation of ROS and COX-2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF. CPF treatment produced cytotoxic effects that appeared to involve an increase in ROS. In addition, CPF treatment activated...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.003
更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Sublethal exposure to the organochlorine pesticide, dieldrin, decreased the T-cell immune response in mice. Indeed, a transient inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) was noted at 7 days after intraperitoneal exposure to 0.6 LD50 dieldrin. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the effect...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90003-3
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
