Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients.

abstract：RATIONALE:The role of computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer is controversial, currently under study, and not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES:To report findings from initial and 1-year repeat screening low-radiation-dose CT of the chest and 3-year outcomes for 50- to 79-year-old current and ex-smokers in ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Wilson DO,Weissfeld JL,Fuhrman CR,Fisher SN,Balogh P,Landreneau RJ,Luketich JD,Siegfried JM

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A group of male amateur cyclists was studied in the summer of 1991 in the east of the Netherlands. Lung function was measured before and after training sessions or competitive races on a number of occasions. Continuous heart rate monitors were employed to document exercise levels. Heart rate averaged 161 beats/min dur...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Brunekreef B,Hoek G,Breugelmans O,Leentvaar M

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a ligand for the endothelial Tie2 receptor, is an endothelial survival and vascular stabilization factor that reduces endothelial permeability and inhibits leukocyte-en...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： McCarter SD,Mei SH,Lai PF,Zhang QW,Parker CH,Suen RS,Hood RD,Zhao YD,Deng Y,Han RN,Dumont DJ,Stewart DJ

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the apparent contradictions in vascular remodeling in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we evaluated alveolar vascularity in relation to the various degrees of fibrosis in surgically biopsied lungs of usual interstitial pneumonia. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells were intensely...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ebina M,Shimizukawa M,Shibata N,Kimura Y,Suzuki T,Endo M,Sasano H,Kondo T,Nukiwa T

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infections. H. influenzae attach to receptor epitopes in mucins and in epithelial cell membranes. Attachment is followed by an epithelial cell cytokine response. Secreted cytokines then initiate inflammation, upset the integrity...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Håkansson A,Carlstedt I,Davies J,Mossberg AK,Sabharwal H,Svanborg C

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Not all asthma can be adequately controlled, despite the use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Because cysteinyl-leukotrienes (Cys-LT) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, we hypothesized that the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast, in combination with high-doses of inhaled corticosteroids,...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Virchow JC Jr,Prasse A,Naya I,Summerton L,Harris A

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Data on hemoptysis of unknown origin (i.e., "cryptogenic") are scarce and the outcome of patients affected is controversial. OBJECTIVES:To describe the clinical spectrum and course of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis, as well as pathologic findings when surgery is performed. METHODS:A cohort of 81 patie...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Savale L,Parrot A,Khalil A,Antoine M,Théodore J,Carette MF,Mayaud C,Fartoukh M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the development and course of impaired ventilatory function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) required further study. This role has been examined in the longitudinal Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Disease, which started in 1972. The association ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sherrill DL,Lebowitz MD,Halonen M,Barbee RA,Burrows B

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In unilateral lung injury, application of global positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may cause overdistension of normal alveoli and redistribution of blood flow to diseased lung areas, thereby worsening oxygenation. We hypothesized that selective application of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) will recruit the inju...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Blanch L,Van der Kloot TE,Youngblood AM,Murias G,Naveira A,Adams AB,Romero PV,Nahum A

更新日期：2001-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A histologic feature of usual interstitial pneumonia is the presence of fibroblastic foci. As some patients with usual interstitial pneumonia and an underlying collagen vascular disease have a better prognosis, we hypothesized that they would have fewer fibroblastic foci. Pathologists reviewed surgical lung biopsies f...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Flaherty KR,Colby TV,Travis WD,Toews GB,Mumford J,Murray S,Thannickal VJ,Kazerooni EA,Gross BH,Lynch JP 3rd,Martinez FJ

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Tissue injury and repair involve highly conserved processes governed by mechanisms that can be co-opted in tumors. We hypothesized that soluble factors released during the repair response to lung injury would promote orthotopic tumor growth. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether lung injury promoted growth of orth...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Arenberg D,Luckhardt TR,Carskadon S,Zhao L,Amin MA,Koch AE

更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelets are an important, albeit generally underappreciated, component of the inflammatory cascade. Platelets are known to contribute to inflammation in atherosclerosis, stroke, and asthma. They produce a large number of proinflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines, and play a vital role in recruitment of leukocyte...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： O'Sullivan BP,Michelson AD

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is elevated in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases and it has attracted increasing interest as a simple, noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. Little is known, however, about factors that might affect eNO in healthy subjects. We measured eNO in 157 healthy 7- to 13-yr-old chil...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Franklin PJ,Taplin R,Stick SM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Childhood sleep-disordered breathing ranges in severity from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea and is associated with behavioral and neurocognitive deficits. It remains unknown why children with primary snoring, who do not experience peripheral oxygen desaturation or sleep fragmentation, experience s...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tamanyan K,Walter LM,Weichard A,Davey MJ,Nixon GM,Biggs SN,Horne RSC

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:In the normal lung, breathing and deep inspirations potently antagonize bronchoconstriction, but in the asthmatic lung this salutary effect is substantially attenuated or even reversed. To explain these findings, the prevailing hypothesis focuses on contracting airway smooth muscle and posits a nonlinear dyna...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Lavoie TL,Krishnan R,Siegel HR,Maston ED,Fredberg JJ,Solway J,Dowell ML

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stimuli controlling pharyngeal dilator muscles are poorly defined. Local mechanoreceptors are a leading possibility. To address this, we assessed the relationship between two dilator muscle electromyograms (EMGs, i.e., genioglossus [GG-an inspiratory phasic muscle], tensor palatini [TP-a tonically active muscle]) ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Malhotra A,Pillar G,Fogel RB,Beauregard J,Edwards JK,Slamowitz DI,Shea SA,White DP

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of lipoxygenase metabolites in the pathogenesis of endotoxin (LPS)-induced lung injury remains to be clarified. We investigated the contribution of peptide leukotrienes to LPS-induced acute lung injury using a potent antagonist, ONO-1078 (ONO). Experimental groups consisted of a saline group (n = 10), an LPS ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ishizaka A,Hasegawa N,Sakamaki F,Tasaka S,Nakamura H,Kishikawa K,Yamada A,Obata T,Sayama K,Urano T

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing and has been linked to obstructive lung diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced lung function. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and lung fu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Zosky GR,Berry LJ,Elliot JG,James AL,Gorman S,Hart PH

更新日期：2011-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Severe asthma (SA) remains poorly understood. Mast cells (MC) are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but it remains unknown how their phenotype, location, and activation relate to asthma severity. OBJECTIVES:To compare MC-related markers measured in bronchoscopically obtained samples with clinically relevant...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Balzar S,Fajt ML,Comhair SA,Erzurum SC,Bleecker E,Busse WW,Castro M,Gaston B,Israel E,Schwartz LB,Curran-Everett D,Moore CG,Wenzel SE

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) in the airway results in the formation of peroxynitrite, a highly reactive oxidant species. Peroxynitrite reacts with tyrosine residues in proteins to form the stable product nitrotyrosine. We investigated whether nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condens...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hanazawa T,Kharitonov SA,Barnes PJ

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Epidemiologic studies have shown that, in atopic children, wheezing is more likely to persist into adulthood, eventually becoming asthma, whereas it appears to resolve by adolescence in nonatopic children. OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether among children with multitrigger wheeze responsive to bronchodilators...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Turato G,Barbato A,Baraldo S,Zanin ME,Bazzan E,Lokar-Oliani K,Calabrese F,Panizzolo C,Snijders D,Maestrelli P,Zuin R,Fabbri LM,Saetta M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of studies with animal models, the gene for the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) (FCER2, CD23) has been implicated as a candidate for IgE-mediated allergic diseases and bronchial hyperreactivity, or related traits. Given evidence for genetic complexity in atopic disorders, we sought to stu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Laitinen T,Ollikainen V,Lázaro C,Kauppi P,de Cid R,Antó JM,Estivill X,Lokki H,Mannila H,Laitinen LA,Kere J

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of strain difference in the response to cigarette smoke was investigated in mice. Mice of the strains DBA/2 and C57BL/6J responded to acute cigarette smoke with a decrease of the antioxidant defenses of their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. On the other hand, under these conditions ICR mice increased the...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cavarra E,Bartalesi B,Lucattelli M,Fineschi S,Lunghi B,Gambelli F,Ortiz LA,Martorana PA,Lungarella G

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing understanding of the effects and potential pathophysiological role of the ETs in asthma and several of the criteria required to strongly implicate ET-1 as a mediator in this disease have been fulfilled. However, some of the information is preliminary, equivocal and requires confirmation. Furthermore...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hay DW,Henry PJ,Goldie RG

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma that causes irreversible airflow obstruction. Although asthma is considered to be a Th2 disease, the role of T-bet and GATA-3, the key transcription factors for differentiation toward Th1 and Th2 cells, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is poo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kiwamoto T,Ishii Y,Morishima Y,Yoh K,Maeda A,Ishizaki K,Iizuka T,Hegab AE,Matsuno Y,Homma S,Nomura A,Sakamoto T,Takahashi S,Sekizawa K

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSA), the interval between two R-waves in the ECG, or the interbeat interval (RR-interval), and blood pressure (BP) were recorded in 10 awake patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in nine sex- and age-matched controls. Changes in RR-interval and MSA, evoked by sodium nitrop...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Carlson JT,Hedner JA,Sellgren J,Elam M,Wallin BG

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) may play a part in pulmonary vascular regulation and bronchomotor control and has been detected in exhaled air. We report the release of NO from airway epithelial cells and its regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). To directly measure NO release, a highly specific amperometric sensor f...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tamaoki J,Kondo M,Takemura H,Chiyotani A,Yamawaki I,Konno K

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Long-term intermittent hypoxia (LTIH) exposure in adult mice, modeling oxygenation patterns of moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea, results in lasting hypersomnolence and is associated with nitration and oxidation injuries in many brain regions, including wake-active regions. OBJECTIVES:We sought to dete...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Zhan G,Fenik P,Pratico D,Veasey SC

更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is highly sensitive for pulmonary embolism (PE), but its clinical usefulness is limited by its nondiagnostic rate. Objective analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) three-dimensional scintigraphy may improve its diagnostic performance compared with sub...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Harris B,Bailey D,Miles S,Bailey E,Rogers K,Roach P,Thomas P,Hensley M,King GG

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people with hypertension, particularly resistant hypertension. Treatment with an antihypertensive agent alone is often insufficient to control hypertension in patients with OSA. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) added to trea...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Thunström E,Manhem K,Rosengren A,Peker Y

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00