Abstract:
:The prevalence of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations raises concerns regarding the potential for adverse health outcomes following exposure to water tainted by mixtures of UOG associated chemicals. The potential effects that exposure to complex chemical mixtures has on the immune system have yet to be fully evaluated. In this study, effects on the immune system of adult mice exposed to a mixture of 23 chemicals that have been associated with water near active UOG operations were investigated. Female and male mice were exposed to the mixture via their drinking water for at least 8 weeks. At the end of the exposure, cellularity of primary and secondary immune organs, as well as an immune system function, were assessed using three different models of disease, i.e. house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease, influenza A virus infection, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results indicated exposures resulted in different impacts on T-cell populations in each disease model. Furthermore, the consequences of exposure differed between female and male mice. Notably, exposure to the chemical mixture significantly increased EAE disease severity in females, but not in male, mice. These findings indicated that direct exposure to this mixture leads to multiple alterations in T-cell subsets and that these alterations differ between sexes. This suggested to us that direct exposure to UOG-associated chemicals may alter the adult immune system, leading to dysregulation in immune cellularity and function.
journal_name
J Immunotoxicoljournal_title
Journal of immunotoxicologyauthors
O'Dell CT,Boule LA,Robert J,Georas SN,Eliseeva S,Lawrence BPdoi
10.1080/1547691X.2021.1965677keywords:
["Water pollutants","allergy","autoimmune","hydraulic fracturing","immunotoxicity","influenza"]subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-12-01 00:00:00pages
105-117issue
1eissn
1547-691Xissn
1547-6901journal_volume
18pub_type
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