Delineation of a T-cell activation motif required for binding of protein tyrosine kinases containing tandem SH2 domains.

abstract：:Wildfire can influence climate directly and indirectly, but little is known about the relationships between wildfire and climate during the Quaternary, especially how wildfire patterns varied over glacial-interglacial cycles. Here, we present a high-resolution soot record from the Chinese Loess Plateau; this is a reco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han Y,An Z,Marlon JR,Bradley RS,Zhan C,Arimoto R,Sun Y,Zhou W,Wu F,Wang Q,Burr GS,Cao J

更新日期：2020-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of computers to simulate the functions of complex biological macromolecules is essential to achieve a microscopic description of biological processes and to model and interpret experimental data. Here we apply theoretical computational approaches to investigate the fidelity of T7 DNA polymerase, divided into d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Florián J,Goodman MF,Warshel A

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Modifier screens have been powerful genetic tools to define signaling pathways in lower organisms. The identification of modifier loci in mice has begun to allow a similar dissection of mammalian signaling pathways. Transgenic mice (Btk(lo)) expressing 25% of endogenous levels of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) have B ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Satterthwaite AB,Willis F,Kanchanastit P,Fruman D,Cantley LC,Helgason CD,Humphries RK,Lowell CA,Simon M,Leitges M,Tarakhovsky A,Tedder TF,Lesche R,Wu H,Witte ON

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hop2 and Mnd1 are abundant meiosisspecific chromosomal proteins, and mutations in the corresponding genes lead to defects in meiotic recombination and in homologous chromosome interactions during mid-prophase. Analysis of various double mutants suggests that HOP2, MND1, and DMC1 act in the sam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YK,Leng CH,Olivares H,Lee MH,Chang YC,Kung WM,Ti SC,Lo YH,Wang AH,Chang CS,Bishop DK,Hsueh YP,Wang TF

更新日期：2004-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of the third component of human complement (C3) with methylamine results in a loss of hemolytic function and the appearance of a thiol group. Studies with [14C]methylamine have indicatd a stoichiometric and covalent reaction with the native protein. Hydrazine-inactivated C3 and C3b prepared with bovine tryps...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tack BF,Harrison RA,Janatova J,Thomas ML,Prahl JW

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have collected a set of 347 proteins that are found in eukaryotic cells but have no significant homology to proteins in Archaea and Bacteria. We call these proteins eukaryotic signature proteins (ESPs). The dominant hypothesis for the formation of the eukaryotic cell is that it is a fusion of an archaeon with a bac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hartman H,Fedorov A

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified preparations of rabbit skeletal white, red, and cardiac muscle myosin (WM, RM, and CM) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant differences in both the molecular weights and number of light chains in these myosins were found. WM has three distinct light-chain co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar S,Sreter FA,Gergely J

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane emissions due to accidents in the oil and natural gas sector are very challenging to monitor, and hence are seldom considered in emission inventories and reporting. One of the main reasons is the lack of measurements during such events. Here we report the detection of large methane emissions from a gas well bl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pandey S,Gautam R,Houweling S,Denier van der Gon H,Sadavarte P,Borsdorff T,Hasekamp O,Landgraf J,Tol P,van Kempen T,Hoogeveen R,van Hees R,Hamburg SP,Maasakkers JD,Aben I

更新日期：2019-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory T cells (Treg) comprise multiple subsets and are important in controlling immunity and inflammation. However, the induction and mode of action of the various distinct Treg subsets remain ill defined, particularly in humans. Here, we describe a human CD8+ lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3)+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joosten SA,van Meijgaarden KE,Savage ND,de Boer T,Triebel F,van der Wal A,de Heer E,Klein MR,Geluk A,Ottenhoff TH

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the nucleotide sequences of iaaM and iaaH, the genetic determinants for, respectively, tryptophan 2-monooxygenase and indoleacetamide hydrolase, the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of L-tryptophan to indoleacetic acid in the tumor-forming bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. The sequence analy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamada T,Palm CJ,Brooks B,Kosuge T

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The SecY protein of Escherichia coli is an integral membrane component of the protein export apparatus. Suppressor mutations in the secY gene (prlA alleles) have been isolated that restore the secretion of precursor proteins with defective signal sequences. These mutations have never been shown to affect the transloca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nouwen N,de Kruijff B,Tommassen J

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:M cells located in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches (PP) are shown to be the principal sites for the sampling of gut luminal antigens. Thus, PP have long been considered the gatekeepers of the mucosal immune system. Here, we report a distinct gateway for the uptake of gut bacteria: clusters of non...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jang MH,Kweon MN,Iwatani K,Yamamoto M,Terahara K,Sasakawa C,Suzuki T,Nochi T,Yokota Y,Rennert PD,Hiroi T,Tamagawa H,Iijima H,Kunisawa J,Yuki Y,Kiyono H

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissue...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Cai W,Liu Y,Li H,Fu L,Liu Z,Xu L,Liu H,Xu T,Xiong Y

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of vertebrate eyes is still enigmatic. The "frontal eye" of amphioxus, our most primitive chordate relative, has long been recognized as a candidate precursor to the vertebrate eyes. However, the amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which display more...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vopalensky P,Pergner J,Liegertova M,Benito-Gutierrez E,Arendt D,Kozmik Z

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The compact steep-spectrum sources (CSSs) are an interesting class of objects which are of subgalactic dimensions; they occur more frequently in high-frequency surveys because their spectra often turn over at lower frequencies. We have estimated the symmetry parameters of a well-defined sample of CSSs and compared the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saikia DJ

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We construct a C*-algebra that has only one irreducible representation up to unitary equivalence but is not isomorphic to the algebra of compact operators on any Hilbert space. This answers an old question of Naimark. Our construction uses a combinatorial statement called the diamond principle, which is known to be co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akemann C,Weaver N

更新日期：2004-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Microviscosity (n) of the cell membrane lipid layer was determined in synchronized C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells (clone Neuro-2A) by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenystratum. The determined n value was maximal in mitosis, decreased markedly in the G1 phase, remained constant at a low level during the S phase,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Laat SW,van der Saag PT,Shinitzky M

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kappa-selective opioid peptide dynorphin A (DYN) inhibits neuronal adenylate cyclase activity and reduces neuronal voltage-dependent calcium currents. It is not yet known, however, whether the regulation of calcium channel activity is dependent on or independent of the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system. We used the wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gross RA,Moises HC,Uhler MD,Macdonald RL

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathways that allow quiescent disseminated cancer cells to survive during prolonged dormancy periods are unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor ATF6alpha as a pivotal survival factor for quiescent but not proliferative squamous carcinoma cells. ATF6alpha is essential for the adaptation of dormant cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schewe DM,Aguirre-Ghiso JA

更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Groundwater-dependent species are among the least-known components of global biodiversity, as well as some of the most vulnerable because of rapid groundwater depletion at regional and global scales. The karstic Edwards-Trinity aquifer system of west-central Texas is one of the most species-rich groundwater systems in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Devitt TJ,Wright AM,Cannatella DC,Hillis DM

更新日期：2019-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Ice-core records show that climate changes in the past have been large, rapid, and synchronous over broad areas extending into low latitudes, with less variability over historical times. These ice-core records come from high mountain glaciers and the polar regions, including small ice caps and the large ice sheets of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alley RB

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A landmark study published in PNAS [Côté S, House J, Willer R (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15838-15843] showed that higher income individuals are less generous than poorer individuals only if they reside in a US state with comparatively large economic inequality. This finding might serve to reconcile inconsistent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmukle SC,Korndörfer M,Egloff B

更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates calcium signaling that impinges on intracellular processes. IP3Rs are allosteric proteins comprising four subunits that form an ion channel activated by binding of IP3 at a distance. Defective allostery in IP3R is considered crucial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamada K,Terauchi A,Nakamura K,Higo T,Nukina N,Matsumoto N,Hisatsune C,Nakamura T,Mikoshiba K

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Gel-forming mucins, the primary macromolecular components of airway mucus, facilitate airway clearance by mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) altered mucus properties impair mucociliary transport. Airways primarily secrete two closely related gel-forming mucins, MUC5B and MUC5AC. However, their morphologic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ostedgaard LS,Moninger TO,McMenimen JD,Sawin NM,Parker CP,Thornell IM,Powers LS,Gansemer ND,Bouzek DC,Cook DP,Meyerholz DK,Abou Alaiwa MH,Stoltz DA,Welsh MJ

更新日期：2017-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian retina contains an endogenous circadian pacemaker that broadly regulates retinal physiology and function, yet the cellular origin and organization of the mammalian retinal circadian clock remains unclear. Circadian clock neurons generate daily rhythms via cell-autonomous autoregulatory clock gene network...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruan GX,Zhang DQ,Zhou T,Yamazaki S,McMahon DG

更新日期：2006-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:During the first 2 postnatal years, cortical thickness of the human brain develops dynamically and spatially heterogeneously and likely peaks between 1 and 2 y of age. The striking development renders this period critical for later cognitive outcomes and vulnerable to early neurodevelopmental disorders. However, due t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang F,Lian C,Wu Z,Zhang H,Li T,Meng Y,Wang L,Lin W,Shen D,Li G

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The pattern of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very distinctive: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau selectively affect pyramidal neurons of the aging association cortex that interconnect extensively through glutamate synapses on dendritic spines. In contrast, primary se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carlyle BC,Nairn AC,Wang M,Yang Y,Jin LE,Simen AA,Ramos BP,Bordner KA,Craft GE,Davies P,Pletikos M,Šestan N,Arnsten AF,Paspalas CD

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly glycosylated basement membrane receptor that is cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin, which releases its N-terminal domain (α-DGN). Before cleavage, α-DGN interacts with the glycosyltransferase LARGE1 and initiates functional O-glycosylation of the mucin-like domain of α-DG. Not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Greef JC,Slütter B,Anderson ME,Hamlyn R,O'Campo Landa R,McNutt EJ,Hara Y,Pewe LL,Venzke D,Matsumura K,Saito F,Harty JT,Campbell KP

更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the increasing number of regulatory proteins identified in clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) pathways, our understanding of the exact functions of these proteins and the sequential manner in which they function remains limited. In this study, using the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine as a model, we observe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen S,Li L,Li J,Liu B,Zhu X,Zheng L,Zhang R,Xu T

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Aspirin (ASA) triggers a switch in the biosynthesis of lipid mediators, inhibiting prostanoid production and initiating 15-epi-lipoxin generation through the acetylation of cyclooxygenase II. These aspirin-triggered lipoxins (ATL) may mediate some of ASA's beneficial actions and therefore are of interest in the search...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clish CB,O'Brien JA,Gronert K,Stahl GL,Petasis NA,Serhan CN

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00