Abstract：
:In mutagenicity testing of pharmaceuticals it is advisable, whenever possible, to use in vivo mammalian systems where the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug would be more or less similar to those in man. However, although there are a number of different genetic endpoints which are important in mutagen testing, sufficiently validated, practical and well documented in vivo test systems exist only for structural chromosome aberrations. This paper provides an overview of existing in vivo test systems for the detection of chromosome aberrations. Emphasis has been laid on the functions, advantages and limitations of the three tests recommended in the guidelines of the European Community; first, the metaphase analysis assay, and, as alternatives, the micronucleus test and the dominant lethal test. These three tests are then also discussed from the viewpoint of our own practical experience.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Matter BE,Tsuchimoto Tdoi
10.1007/BF00361248subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-11-01 00:00:00pages
89-98issue
1-2eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Iron (Fe) plays essential roles in biological processes, whereas cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and non-essential metal. Two metal transporters, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and metal transporter protein 1 (MTP1), are responsible for Fe transport in mammals. Here, we studied the effect of dietary Fe on the expression ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-006-0160-7
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, spiking was used as a strategy to evaluate the mutagenicity of individual compounds in a mixture. Mutagenicity of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was evaluated in an organic extract of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The particles were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). After...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050555
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of cadmium or magnesium on central calcium-dependent blood pressure regulation was investigated. The systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; male, 13 weeks of age) decreased following i.c.v. administration of cadmium chloride (20 nm...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050644
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Berberine, a main protoberberine component of Coptidis Rhizoma, was studied for the mechanism of its inhibitory effects on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. In the preliminary study, berberine expressed an antioxidant property by its capacity for quenching t...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-002-0351-9
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) was induced in Fischer 344 (F344) rats (n = 4) using 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA) dosed at 150 mg/kg, and in multimammate desert mice (Mastomys natalensis) at 150 and 250 mg/kg (n = 4 per group). Control rats and Mastomys were dosed with 0.9% saline (n = 4 per group). Urine was c...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02733668
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were coexposed to lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) through drinking water and intraperitoneally, respectively, for a period of 21 days. Neurochemical studies in these rats showed significant reduction in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase, cytochrome-c-oxidase, diaphorase and in the levels of biogenic amines in th...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00347881
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultimate purpose of the present study was to evaluate correlations between acute in vivo and in vitro toxicity and log P (P is n-octanol-water partition coefficient). The in vitro toxicity to cloned cells (neuroblastoma N18TG-2 and glioma C6) in culture (ED50) and the in vivo toxicity to mice (LD50) of ethylene gl...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01973634
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), a subgroup of arsenolipids found in fish and algae, elicit substantial toxic effects in various human cell lines and have a considerable impact on cellular energy levels. The underlying mode of action, however, is still unknown. The present study analyzes the effects of two AsH...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2194-z
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary fibrosis is a poorly understood pathologic condition. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials with potentials for broad applications. CNTs can induce pulmonary fibrosis in animals, a cause for concern for exposed workers and consumers. Given the large number of CNTs available on the market and the seemingl...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2306-9
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic ciprofibrate administration resulted in distinct differences in hepatic responses between the two species examined. In the rat, hepatomegaly was observed with the coordinate induction of carnitine acetyltransferase, peroxisomal beta-oxidation and cytochrome P450IVA1 activities. The latter induction of cytochro...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02034935
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single dose of 10 mg methylmercury chloride per kg body weight was given to 30 days old rats and to adult rats (180-200g)(. This resulted in brain levels of 1.4-2.2 micrograms Hg/g wet weight. In the young rats electron microscopic morphometry showed swelling of the granule cells. The extent of changes was more pron...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00332352
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a major source of clinical attrition, precautionary warnings, and post-market withdrawal of drugs. Accordingly, there is a need for more predictive tools to assess hepatotoxicity risk in drug discovery. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid hepatic cultures have emerged as pr...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-017-2002-1
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is outlined to estimate from hemodialysis or hemoperfusion data, respectively, the rate constants, the distribution volume in the beta-phase, and other pharmacokinetic parameters of toxic substances. All calculations are based on the assumption that the usual linear open two-compartment system is also the app...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01459998
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This discussion of the NEL presents some thoughts how toxicologists could be encouraged to use more sophisticated modern techniques for the study of various environmental chemicals. It is proposed to use the concept of the NEL only for data obtained by conventional techniques in routine toxicity experiments. Informati...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00695868
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to assess the relation between occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide after an 8 h work shift in the acrylic fibre industry and its three biological markers N-methylformamide (NMFtotal), N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC), and N-methylcarbamoyl adduct at haemoglobin (MCVal)....
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2219-7
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous rat toxicity studies of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ), a water-soluble flavonol glycoside derived from rutin, revealed systemic yellow bone discoloration. This investigative study was conducted to determine the AGIQ metabolite(s) responsible for the discoloration. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were adminis...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-020-02760-z
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated i.p. with 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mmole bromobenzene (BB)/kg per day in corn oil, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, one half of each of these groups was treated i.p. with a single acute toxic dose of 2.5 mmole BB/kg. Urines were then collected for 24 h and the animals ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02098037
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition mechanism(s) of protein kinase B/Akt1 and its consequences on related cell signaling were investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the most reactive aldehyde by-products of lipid peroxidation. In silico data indicate that 4-HNE interacts with kin...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-014-1260-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of small repeated oral doses of mono-2-cresyl diphenyl phosphate (MOCP, 2.5 mg/kg/day) on hen brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase (NTE) were measured. The enzyme levels were depressed to about 40% and 55% of normal respectively and maintained at that level for 8 weeks. No clinical and only doubtful h...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00293807
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2384-8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherogenic effects of environmental toxicant arsenic and fluoride. Inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride a...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-012-0803-9
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When rats were dosed with 14 microgram/kg 3H-isoproterenol, 3H-radioactivity was measurable in the liver until 48 h. This amount was not different in livers of animals which have been pretreated with diethyl maleate. After exhaustive extraction, a significant amount of 3H-radioactivity from isoproterenol could be dete...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00343273
更新日期：1977-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In the recent years, the toxicity of certain divalent cations has been associated with the alteration of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Among other mechanisms, these cations may affect the functionality of certain Ca2+-binding proteins and/or Ca2+ pumps. The plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) maintains Ca2+ homeosta...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-017-2031-9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently presented a modified local lymph node test which made it possible to quickly and reliably differentiate between irritative and allergic skin reactions with extremely simple parameters. The Integrated Model for the Differentiation of Skin Reactions (IMDS) test combines measurement of cell proliferation in d...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050001
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been recently introduced as tools to map the mechanisms underlying toxic events relevant for chemical risk assessment. AOPs particularly depict the linkage between a molecular initiating event and an adverse outcome through a number of intermediate key events. An AOP has been previ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-020-02691-9
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The uncertainties that surround the methods used for risk assessment of exposure to carcinogens have been highlighted by a recent document advocating an approach based on the T25 dose (the dose giving a 25% incidence of cancer in an appropriately designed animal experiment). This method relies on derivation of the T25...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type：
doi：10.1007/s002040100271
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) has been a therapeutic challenge because of not only the naturally high resistance level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics but also the newly acquired mutations that confer further resistance. Currently standardized regimens require patients to daily ingest up to four drugs un...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00204-016-1727-6
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbromal is metabolized extensively in humans. The major metabolites known to date are bromoethylbutyramide, ethylbutyrylurea and inorganic bromide. After ingestion of a therapeutic dose of 1.0 g carbromal (4.2 mmoles) by four healthy volunteers highest concentrations in serum were found to be for carbromal 30 mumole...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00364653
更新日期：1978-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical formation of dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) was found to occur in mouse brain after i.p. injection of metrifonate (2, 2, 2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl dimethyl phosphonate). A mass fragmentographic technique was used. Different isotopic variants were used both as internal standards and to com...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00351767
更新日期：1978-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE) was initially identified as the primary target esterase of some organophosphorus compounds that cause delayed neuropathy. Some studies in vivo suggest that this protein may also perform a function in embryonic development and therefore also in cell differentiation. The aim of this work...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-010-0518-8
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
