Abstract：
:Salicylate excretion was studied in the breast milk of a nursing mother (Patient A) taking chronic therapeutic doses of aspirin, and caffeine excretion was monitored in the breast milk of a nursing mother (Patient B) who was a heavy coffee drinker. Salicylate concentrations were maximal in serum at 2.25 hours (10.8 mg/dL) and in milk at 3.00 hours (1.0 mg/dL) following 975 mg of aspirin in Patient A. Caffeine concentrations peaked at 5.50 hours in serum (2.14 micrograms/mL) and at 2.00 hours in milk (1.15 micrograms/mL) during a period of steady coffee drinking by Patient B. Milk:serum concentration ratios ranged up to 0.08 for patient A and up to 0.63 for Patient B, demonstrating that relatively more caffeine than salicylate was excreted into milk. Sodium, potassium, pH, and percent solute remained essentially unchanged in milk samples from both patients throughout the study periods so that changes in the state of hydration of pH of the milk could not be implicated for the observed excretion patterns. More than 25 liters of milk at its peak drug concentration would have to be consumed by the infants of Patients A and B respectively to provide the salicylate content of one aspirin tablet or the caffeine content of an average cup of coffee.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Bailey DN,Weibert RT,Naylor AJ,Shaw RFdoi
10.1093/jat/6.2.64subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-03-01 00:00:00pages
64-8issue
2eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A simple and efficient method, based on the adsorption properties of octadecasilane bonded silica, is described for the rapid extraction of acidic drugs from whole post mortem blood. The blood was diluted, passed through an extraction column containing the bonded silica and the absorbed drugs were eluted with methanol...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/7.3.116
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An improved method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE), norcocaine, and ecgoninemethylester (EME), in rat plasma and urine is described. Following derivatization of EME to p-fluorococaine, chromatography was performed on two high-performance liquid chromatography (HP...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/24.6.438
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study of 20,089 urine specimens from chronic pain patients provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of prescription opiates and metabolites, assess the usefulness of inclusion of normetabolites in the test panel, and compare opiate and oxycodone screening results to liquid chromatography with tand...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/34.1.32
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six cases involving the antidepressant mirtazapine were analyzed in detail at the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office from 2004 to 2005. Mirtazapine was initially detected and confirmed in each of these cases by a liquid-liquid gas chromatography (GC)-MS basic drug screen. Following another liquid-liquid basic ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/30.9.687
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is currently evaluating hydrocodone (HC) for inclusion in the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. This study evaluated the time course of HC, norhydrocodone (NHC), dihydrocodeine (DHC) and hydromorphone (HM) in paired ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkv050
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Screening for emerging drugs of abuse, specifically synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids, is difficult for high-throughput laboratories as immunoassay kits are often unavailable. Consequently, most laboratories employ liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) screening, which can be complex ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkw025
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the legitimate clinical use of amphetamine and amphetamine congeners is declining, the illicit use of these drugs remains high. There is a need for a rapid and conclusive method for detecting these compounds in routine urine drug testing, drug screening in drug rehabilitation centers, and as an aid in the dia...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/15.6.323
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of drugs in hair differs from their analysis in other tissues due to the extended detection window, as well as the opportunity that segmental hair analysis offers for the detection of changes in drug intake over time. The antipsychotic drug chlorprothixene is widely used, but few reports exist on chlorprothix...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bky038
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new method was developed to apply the advantages of automated gas chromatographic headspace analysis to delayed measurement of alcohol in whole breath (W-B). End-expiratory breath and vapor-alcohol samples were collected in sealed, heated 22-mL glass vials, stored for 0-15 days, and thereafter analyzed for alcohol b...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/6.5.217
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A suicide caused by oral ingestion of colchicine is reported. Postmortem examination revealed circulating Pelger-Huet polymorphonuclear leukocytes and numerous mitotic and chromatin bodies in tissues with rapid cell turnover. Colchicine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of an organic extra...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/15.3.151
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been numerous reports of lead poisoning resulting from the ingestion of foreign bodies. A case involving the ingestion of spent air rifle pellets is described. No clinical symptoms were observed, despite the fact that the young child exhibited elevated blood lead levels as high as 2.7 micromol/L (56 microg/...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/26.6.370
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart blood free oxycodone concentrations in oxycodone-related and mixed drug overdose deaths were compared with those found incidentally at autopsy in medical examiner cases. Between 2000 and 2005, 67 oxycodone-positive postmortem cases were identified. Thirty of 67 cases (44.8%) were determined to be drug overdoses....
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/32.8.673
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the validity of measuring fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma using radioimmunoassay (RIA) by comparing it to the established technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Equine plasma samples were analyzed using a solid-phase Coat-A-Count fentanyl RIA and a validated LC-MS m...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/32.9.754
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a still-emerging, non-invasive neuroimaging tool, has been applied to a wide range of questions in sensory, motor control, and cognitive psychology. Only more recently has it been applied to understand the sites and mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents within the...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/jat/25.5.419
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is presented for the positive identification of quinine and quinidine. The method requires extraction of the compounds from an alkaline solution into an organic solvent and concentration of the sample by evaporation of the solvent. The sample is chromatographed without derivatization and may be detected by th...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/5.6.275
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of thin-layer chromatographic analysis for the detection of strychnine and crimidine in biological samples, a rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method with densitometry is described. Fortified dog serum and stomach content samples were an...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/20.3.185
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has several different systems for collecting information on drugs of abuse. One is an early warning system, which collects information to provide scientific data and interpretation on drug abuse. Another is the collection of data from evidence submitted to DEA laboratories. Thi...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/11.6.237
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bisphenol S (BPS) has been detected in personal care products, water, food and indoor house dust, demonstrating the potential for human exposure. Due to limited data to characterize the hazard of BPS, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) is investigating the toxicity of BPS in rodent models. Generating systemic expos...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkab008
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacogenomics is the study of the linkage between an individual's genotype and the disposition of drugs in the body. The first association between adverse drug reactions and inherited variations was recognized in the 1950s, and since then, pharmacogenomics has come a long way. The importance of pharmacogenomics is ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/jat/30.2.65
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An automated column-switching liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric (LC-APCI-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of frequently encountered benzodiazepine hypnotics and their relevant metabolites in urine has been established. A column-switching online solid-phase ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/26.2.87
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sensitive and robust ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of acetaminophen, dexchlorpheniramine, caffeine, cotinine and salicylic acid in postmortem blood samples from children younger than 4 years. The sample was prepare...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkx089
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem redistribution (PMR) constitutes a multifaceted process, which complicates the interpretation of drug concentrations by forensic toxicologists. The present study aimed to apply quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for modeling PMR data of structurally related drugs, 10 benzodiazepine...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bku025
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of indandione and 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant rodenticides in blood serum and liver. The method enabled the measurement of serum and liver concentrations of eight anticoagulant rodenticides: brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, coumafuryl, couma...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/17.1.56
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple, rapid, and reliable gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) confirmation procedure was developed for urine samples found positive by the EMIT-dau benzodiazepine metabolite assay. The procedure involves acid hydrolysis, organic extraction, and identification using GLC-nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). The method ...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/6.6.305
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A blood concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the low nanograms-per-milliliter range is often claimed to result from drug use more than 24-48 h previously. The present investigation determined concentrations of cannabinoids in blood collected at least 24 h from smoking in an in-patient setting. During samplin...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/32.2.160
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mothers who had no prenatal care and in their newborns, the presence of cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BE) was determined in urine, hair, and meconium. Samples of urine and hair were obtained from pregnant women who entered the hospital for delivery. Cocaine usage was assessed by a urinary enzyme-multiplied immunoass...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/18.5.247
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas chromatographic methods have been developed using a Supelco 1240-DA column for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in plasma and urine samples, and phenol in urine samples. These methods required no derivatization. Electron capture detection has been used for PCP determination, while flame ionization dete...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/6.6.297
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. We evaluated the caffeine content of caffeinated and decaffeinated specialty coffee samples obtained from coffee shops. Caffeine was isolated from the coffee by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography with nitro...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/27.7.520
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanohydrins, also be called cyanoalcohols, are important industrial precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids. Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) and formaldehyde cyanohydrin (glycolonitrile, FCH), which are the typical examples of cyanohydrins, are classified as extremely hazardous substances. As the cyanohydrins c...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkw023
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of storage time and temperature on blood alcohol concentration were evaluated in this two-part study involving 34 ethanol-negative and 21 ethanol-positive volunteers. Multiple 10-mL Vacutainer(®) blood tubes containing 100 mg of sodium fluoride and 20 mg of potassium oxalate were collected from living pers...
journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/jat/bkv061
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
