Identification of mitochondrial proteins and some of their precursors in two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of human cells.

abstract：:Identifying causal effects in nonexperimental data is an enduring challenge. One proposed solution that recently gained popularity is the idea to use genes as instrumental variables [i.e., Mendelian randomization (MR)]. However, this approach is problematic because many variables of interest are genetically correlated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiPrete TA,Burik CAP,Koellinger PD

更新日期：2018-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Although common in birds, social monogamy, or pair-living, is rare among mammals because internal gestation and lactation in mammals makes it advantageous for males to seek additional mating opportunities. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of social monogamy among mammals: as a male ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Opie C,Atkinson QD,Dunbar RI,Shultz S

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of antibiotic resistance among nosocomial pathogens has reemphasized the need for effective infection control strategies. The spread of resistant pathogens within hospital settings proceeds along various routes of transmission and is characterized by large fluctuations in prevalence, which are typical fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pelupessy I,Bonten MJ,Diekmann O

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The secreted nodulation-signaling protein NodO was purified from the supernatant of cultures of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. The native protein has a M(r) of approximately 67,000, suggesting that it exists as a dimer since the DNA sequence predicts a M(r) of 30,002. Pure NodO protein had no protease, pectina...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sutton JM,Lea EJ,Downie JA

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:1,N(6)-Ethenoadenosine triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) has been found to be inactive as a substrate for firefly luciferase. However, chemically synthesized luciferyl-epsilonAMP is oxidized by luciferase and light is emitted. The color of the light is red in contrast to the normal yellow-green observed with luciferyladenyla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deluca M,Leonard NJ,Gates BJ,McElroy WD

更新日期：1973-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most B lymphocytes in normal individuals express two classes of cell-surface immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD. The specificity of the two antigen receptors is identical since they are produced by transcription and differential splicing of the same variable region gene segment to the heavy-chain constant region gene segmen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Irsch J,Irlenbusch S,Radl J,Burrows PD,Cooper MD,Radbruch AH

更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse p19Arf (human p14ARF) tumor suppressor protein, encoded in part from an alternative reading frame of the Ink4a (Cdkn2a) gene, inhibits the Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin ligase to activate p53. Arf is not expressed in most normal tissues of young mice but is induced by high thresholds of aberrant hyperproliferative signa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Oosterwijk JG,Li C,Yang X,Opferman JT,Sherr CJ

更新日期：2017-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Translation initiation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome occurs through an internal ribosome entry site in a cap-independent manner. Here, we have examined the interaction between La antigen and the HCV 5' noncoding region (5'NCR). In this analysis, competitor RNAs derived from HCV 5'NCR carrying deletions and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ali N,Siddiqui A

更新日期：1997-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is one of the smallest viruses known. Its genome encodes only its coat protein (CP) subunit, relying on the polymerase of its helper virus TNV for replication. The genome has been shown to contain a cryptic set of dispersed assembly signals in the form of stem-loops that each pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel N,Wroblewski E,Leonov G,Phillips SEV,Tuma R,Twarock R,Stockley PG

更新日期：2017-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphodiester bond formation by DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) can in principle result in retention, inversion, or racemization of configuration at the alpha-phosphorus of the nucleoside 5'-triphosphate being polymerized. As...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eckstein F,Armstrong VW,Sternbach H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 4D organization of the interphase nucleus, or the 4D Nucleome (4DN), reflects a dynamical interaction between 3D genome structure and function and its relationship to phenotype. We present initial analyses of the human 4DN, capturing genome-wide structure using chromosome conformation capture and 3D imaging, and f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen H,Chen J,Muir LA,Ronquist S,Meixner W,Ljungman M,Ried T,Smale S,Rajapakse I

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Double immunofluorescent labeling experiments for lysosomes and either microtubules or vimentin intermediate filaments in cultured well-spread fibroblasts show a remarkable degree of superposition of the lysosomes and the microtubules. Under two different sets of conditions where the microtubules and intermediate fila...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collot M,Louvard D,Singer SJ

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multigenic autoimmune disease, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II polymorphism serves as a key genetic element. In SLE-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice, the MHC H-2(d/z) heterozygosity (H-2(d) of NZB and H-2(z) of NZW) has a strong impact on disease; thus, congeni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang D,Fujio K,Jiang Y,Zhao J,Tada N,Sudo K,Tsurui H,Nakamura K,Yamamoto K,Nishimura H,Shira T,Hirose S

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In the absence of lasers approaching trapped ion clock transitions in sharpness we propose to replace the 12.49 m laser field exciting the D3/2-D5/2 transition of the single Ba+ ion A in D3/2 with the near-field of a close by identical ion B in the excited D5/2 state. We tune the frequency of the near-field by the dif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dehmelt H,Zhao X,Yu N,Nagourney W

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:LTRs of endogenous retroviruses are known to affect expression of several human genes, typically as a relatively minor alternative promoter. Here, we report that an endogenous retrovirus LTR acts as one of at least two alternative promoters for the human beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 gene, involved in type 1 Lewis a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dunn CA,Medstrand P,Mager DL

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin filaments and integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) form integrated systems that mediate dynamic cell interactions with their environment or other cells during migration, the immune response, and tissue morphogenesis. How adhesion-associated actin structures obtain their functional specificity is unclear. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skau CT,Plotnikov SV,Doyle AD,Waterman CM

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholesterol synthesis in animals is controlled by the regulated transport of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where the transcription factors are processed proteolytically to release active fragments. Transport is inhibited by either cholesterol or oxyste...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radhakrishnan A,Ikeda Y,Kwon HJ,Brown MS,Goldstein JL

更新日期：2007-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies to chromatin proteins of Novikoff hepatoma cells formed precipitin bands in the double-diffusion immunoprecipitation assay with chromatin proteins of Novikoff hepatoma, Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, and 18-day fetal rat liver. The antigen used for preparation of antiserum was the chromatin proteins initially e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeoman LC,Jordan JJ,Busch RK,Taylor CW,Savage HE,Busch H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism underlying how transcription factors regulate mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment remains unclear. To determine the role of core-binding factor subunit beta (Cbfβ) in osteoblast lineage commitment, we generated three mouse models by deleting Cbfβ at different osteoblast lineage stages. We demonstrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu M,Wang Y,Shao JZ,Wang J,Chen W,Li YP

更新日期：2017-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We used Monte Carlo methods to treat statistical problem of electrostatic interactions among many titrating amino acids and applied these methods to lysozyme and the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, including all titrating sites. We computed the average protonation of residues as a function o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beroza P,Fredkin DR,Okamura MY,Feher G

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution physical maps of the genomes of three Rhodobacter capsulatus strains, derived from ordered cosmid libraries, were aligned. The 1.2-Mb segment of the SB1003 genome studied here is adjacent to a 1-Mb region analyzed previously [Fonstein, M., Nikolskaya, T. & Haselkorn, H. (1995) J. Bacteriol. 177, 2368-2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nikolskaya T,Fonstein M,Haselkorn R

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have constructed bovine papilloma virus recombinants carrying a hybrid gene in which human growth hormone structural sequences are fused to the promoter and presumptive control region of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. Mouse cells transformed with the recombinants synthesize metallothionein-growth hormone hybrid ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pavlakis GN,Hamer DH

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, how its activation in individual tissues contributes to TZD's therapeutic action remains controversial. As TZDs are known to have receptor-independent effects, we s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugii S,Olson P,Sears DD,Saberi M,Atkins AR,Barish GD,Hong SH,Castro GL,Yin YQ,Nelson MC,Hsiao G,Greaves DR,Downes M,Yu RT,Olefsky JM,Evans RM

更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual information is conveyed from the eye to the brain by distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is largely unknown how RGCs acquire their defining morphological and physiological features and connect to upstream and downstream synaptic partners. The three Brn3/Pou4f transcription factors (TFs) particip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sajgo S,Ghinia MG,Brooks M,Kretschmer F,Chuang K,Hiriyanna S,Wu Z,Popescu O,Badea TC

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Sustained activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) -type glutamate receptors leads to excitotoxic neuronal death in stroke, brain trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. Superoxide production by NADPH oxidase is a requisite event in the process leading from NMDA receptor activation to excitotoxic death. NADPH oxidas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lam TI,Brennan-Minnella AM,Won SJ,Shen Y,Hefner C,Shi Y,Sun D,Swanson RA

更新日期：2013-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytological preparations of interphase nuclei and chromosomes from mouse 3T6 cells prepared at various times after infection with the murine sarcomaleukemia virus complex were hybridized with the [(3)H]DNA product of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. While uninfected nuclei had an average of 4 autoradiographic gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loni MC,Green M

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I transcription is controlled by DNA elements located within the spacers that separate the tandemly arranged rRNA genes. Unlike rRNA coding sequences, the intergenic spacers evolve rapidly and have little sequence similarity even among closely related species. Nonetheless, the arrangement...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doelling JH,Gaudino RJ,Pikaard CS

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The epothilones represent a promising class of natural product-based antitumor drug candidates. Although these compounds operate through a microtubule stabilization mechanism similar to that of taxol, the epothilones offer a major potential therapeutic advantage in that they retain their activity against multidrug-res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chou TC,Zhang X,Zhong ZY,Li Y,Feng L,Eng S,Myles DR,Johnson R Jr,Wu N,Yin YI,Wilson RM,Danishefsky SJ

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Early conformational events during folding of acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), an 86-residue alpha-helical protein, were explored by using a continuous-flow mixing apparatus with a dead time of 70 micros to measure changes in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and tryptophan-dansyl fluorescence energy transfer. Althoug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teilum K,Maki K,Kragelund BB,Poulsen FM,Roder H

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Control of transcription and enzyme activities are two interwoven regulatory systems essential for the function of a metabolic node. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains differing in enzyme activities at the chorismate branch point of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were constructed by recombinant DNA technology. Express...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krappmann S,Lipscomb WN,Braus GH

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00