Abstract:
:Production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by patient strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found to respond to the pH rather than to the type of carbohydrate present in the growth medium. Regardless of the carbohydrate present, hemolysin production in peptone broth cultures occurred only when the pH was between 6.5 and 5.5. Mannitol, the sugar used in the Wagatsuma agar, lowered the pH to within this range, thus providing optimal conditions for hemolysin production. Glucose and mannose, although readily metabolized, lowered the pH below this range, inhibiting growth and hemolysin production. Alkaline cultures either without carbohydrates or containing non-metabolizable sugars showed little hemolytic activity because the pH always remained alkaline. In pH-stat cultures maintained at pH 6.2, higher hemolysin yields were produced irrespective of the presence or absence of mannitol. We conclude that the production of the Kanagawa hemolysin is under pH control. Marine strains of V. parahaemolyticus, which are Kanagawa negative, did not express detectable amounts of hemolysin under those conditions shown to stimulate hemolysin production by Kanagawa-positive strains.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Cherwonogrodzky JW,Clark AGdoi
10.1128/IAI.34.1.115-119.1981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-10-01 00:00:00pages
115-9issue
1eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment on acute murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection were studied to explore the potential usefulness of MCMV as a means of detecting immune dysfunction and to identify host defense mechanisms important for protection against MCMV. Conditions found optimal for enhancing MCMV ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.38.3.1046-1055.1982
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter infections are present in approximately 50% of humans, causing severe illnesses such as gastritis and malignancies. Dendritic cells (DC) are critical antigen-presenting cells which link innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanism of dendritic cell regulation in Helicobacter-induced gastritis is po...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00289-06
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Borrelia burgdorferi elicits a potent cytokine response through activation of multiple signaling receptors on innate immune cells. Spirochetal lipoproteins initiate expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokines primarily via TLR2, whereas type I interferon (IFN) production is induced through the endosomal receptors TLR7 and...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01617-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is believed to control mycobacterial infection in the murine system. In this study we examined the effect of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection on the L-arginine-dependent NO pathway in J774.1 murine macrophages. We have confirmed previous results by demonstr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.69.9.5823-5831.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlamydial inclusion occupies a unique niche within the eukaryotic cell that does not interact with endocytic compartments but instead is fusogenic with a subset of sphingomyelin-containing exocytic vesicles. The Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion acquires these distinctive properties by as early as 2 h postinfection...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.2.973-984.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once Candida albicans comes in contact with endothelial cells, it induces cellular injury. This endothelial cell injury may be a mechanism by which blood-borne organisms escape from the intravascular compartment and invade the tissue parenchyma during hematogenous infection. We have been investigating the ability of c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.11.4714-4718.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions between Capnocytophaga ochracea ATCC 33596 and Streptococcus sanguis H1, Actinomyces naeslundii PK984, or Actinomyces israelii PK16 are dependent on specific recognitions between heat-sensitive adhesins on C. ochracea and heat-stable structures (probably carbohydrate-containing receptors) on the surfa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.5.1198-1202.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of infections associated with indwelling medical devices, including prosthetic joint infection. While biofilm formation is assumed to be the main mechanism underlying the chronic infections S. epidermidis causes, we hypothesized that S. epidermidis also evades immune killi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00237-18
更新日期:2018-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Normal ICR mice were infected intravenously, intraperitoneally, or aerogenically with Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from a turkey (S68), calf (V90), or rabbit (J20) lung. Both the turkey and calf isolates were highly virulent for mice and multiplied logarithmically in the lungs, liver, and spleen, resulting i...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.39.2.779-784.1983
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia cenocepacia strain K56-2 typically has rough colony morphology on agar medium; however, shiny colony variants (shv) can appear spontaneously. These shv all had a minimum of 50% reduction in biomass formation and were generally avirulent in an alfalfa seedling infection model. Three shv-K56-2 S15, K56-2 S7...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00874-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied apoptosis in a human ileocecal adenocarcinoma tumor cell line (HCT-8) infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, from 2 to 72 h postinfection (h.p.i.). At 2 h.p.i., the percentage of annexin V-positive cells in the cell culture had increased to 10% compared to 2.5% in noninfected control culture; sorted infected...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.10.6061-6067.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oral streptococcal group (mitis phylogenetic group) currently consists of nine recognized species, although the group has been traditionally difficult to classify, with frequent changes in nomenclature over the years. The pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), an important human pathogen, is traditionally distin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.3.1374-1382.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei, a causative agent of melioidosis, is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and multiply in macrophages. Previously, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei failed to activate gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway, particularly the expression ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01254-10
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae were compared with each other and to Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. Protein profiles of the C. pneumoniae isolates appeared to be the same and were distinct from the other Chlamydia spec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.1.93-97.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The group R streptococcal group antigen has been shown to be a polysaccharide located at the surface of the cell wall of the organism. The antigen was extracted from cell walls in 0.05 n HCl or 5% trichloracetic acid at 100 C, from whole cells at room temperature in 0.85% NaCl or 0.1 m acetate (pH 5.0), and by sonic o...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.5.1.91-97.1972
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group A streptococcal cell walls inhibited phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles by rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. This inhibition was not accompanied by a measurable loss of cell viability. Group D streptococcal cell walls were relatively ineffective in altering phagocytosis. The effectiveness of group A ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.20.1.258-261.1978
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pretreatment with multiple doses of polymyxin B and colistimethate was evaluated as to its ability to sequester sufficient antibiotic in tissues to neutralize the effects of endotoxin in three animal models. Animals were challenged with endotoxin 24, 48, or 72 h after the last dose of antibiotic when there was minimal...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.10.2.287-292.1974
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (Erp) is a virulence determinant required for growth in cultured macrophages and in vivo. To better understand the role of Erp in Mycobacterium pathogenesis, we generated a mutation in the erp homologue of Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02061-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures of Campylobacter species are immunologically related to those of 11 other gram-negative organisms, we immunoblotted from polyacrylamide gels the LPS of these strains with immune rabbit serum raised against six Campylobacter jejuni strains and two Campylobacter f...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.51.1.204-208.1986
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PA), a potent protein synthesis inhibitor, was found to be a weak T-cell mitogen for murine splenocytes. Maximal stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation was obtained with 10 to 100 ng of toxin per ml following a 4-day induction. PA was also shown to be a polyclonal activator of cy...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.1.213-218.1988
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response to reinfection with Ethiopian Leishmania donovani was evaluated in genetically determined noncure (H-2d) B10.D2 mice that are able to resolve infection due to sublethal irradiation pretreatment after inoculation with a low parasite dose and in C57BL/10 mice that demonstrate the genetically determined cure...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.9.2892-2899.1989
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to ascertain if Cryptococcus neoformans components can induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, we stimulated human whole blood with purified capsular products. Their potencies in stimulating IL-6 release were mannoproteins > galactoxylomannan = glucuronoxylomannan > alpha(1-3)glucan. IL-6 production was tumor...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.6.2454-2456.1997
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia pestis deliver different Yop (Yersinia outer proteins) effector proteins into mammalian cells by a type III secretion mechanism. Recently, it was shown that Yersinia producing YopT leads to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton of HeLa cells (M. Iriarte...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.12.7535-7543.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effector mechanism, which operates against challenge parasites in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice vaccinated once with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, is mediated by CD4+ T helper lymphocytes. However, adoptive transfer of immunity from vaccinated donors to naive recipients by using sensitized T cells has n...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.1.42-48.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acquisition of immunity to Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages is a key determinant for reducing human-mosquito transmission by preventing the fertilization and the development of the parasite in the mosquito midgut. Naturally acquired immunity against sexual stages may therefore form the basis for the development of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.05288-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Akabane virus (a Bunyavirus) has been associated with epizootics of congenital deformities in cattle, sheep, and goats. Experimental studies using mouse-adapted virus inoculated intravenously into pregnant sheep gave an inapparent infection. Neutralizing antibodies were detected on day 5, and peaks in the titer were s...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.15.1.254-262.1977
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that probiotics are beneficial in T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanism by which probiotics work remains elusive, but accumulating evidence indicates that probiotics can modulate immune cell responses. Since T cells express receptors for bacterial products or componen...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01172-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune responses of mice to Streptococcus mutans serotype c were analyzed by means of the enzyme-linked immunospot assay to determine the predominant specificities of the antibodies developed. In general, the numbers of splenic antibody-secreting cells correlated with serum antibody levels. A low dose (10(8) CFU) of k...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.53.2.317-323.1986
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a commensal microorganism of the human nasopharynx, and yet is also an opportunistic pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Host microenvironments influence gene expression patterns, likely critical for NTHi persistence. The host sequesters iron as a mechanism ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01227-12
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is an important element for the growth of microorganisms as well as in the defense of the host by serving as a catalyst for the generation of free radicals via the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. The iron transporter natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) confers resistance to the growth of a v...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.11.6618-6624.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00