The joints of the evolving foot. Part III. The fossil evidence.

abstract：:Interneurons are an integral part of cortical neuronal circuits. During the past decade, numerous studies have shown that these cells, unlike their pyramidal counterparts that are derived from the neuroepithelium along the lumen of the lateral ventricles, are generated in the ganglionic eminences in the subpallium. Th...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Andrews WD,Barber M,Parnavelas JG

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone growth at the cranial sutures relies on proliferation of osteogenic progenitor cells and/or differentiation of osteoblasts. The current study was undertaken to assess these events in relation to suture growth and fusion. A total of 21 pigs, divided into three age groups (0.5-1.5 months, 3-4 months and 5-7 months)...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Sun Z,Lee E,Herring SW

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart is the first functioning organ to develop during embryogenesis. The formation of the heart is a tightly regulated and complex process, and alterations to its development can result in congenital heart defects. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha myosin heavy chain and cardiac alpha actin, have no...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： England J,Pang KL,Parnall M,Haig MI,Loughna S

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are diagnosed solely on the basis of behaviour. A large body of work has reported neuroanatomical differences between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls. Despite the huge clinical and genetic heterogeneity that ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Donovan AP,Basson MA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the neural arch in weight transmission in the cervical and upper thoracic regions of the vertebral column has been investigated. Measurements at the levels of C2, C4, C6, C7, T1 and T5 vertebrae were made in 44 adult male vertebral columns. At each level, the area of the inferior surface of the body was co...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Pal GP,Routal RV

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Videodigitised outlines of C6, C7, T1 and T2 vertebrae from 23 mice carrying the mutant gene undulated (un/un) and normal littermates (+/un) have been examined by Fourier analysis. There were large differences in shape between C6 vertebrae, smaller but significant differences in C7 and insignificant differences betwee...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Johnson DR,O'Higgins P,McAndrew TJ

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphatics in the diaphragm form a specialised system draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity and returning it to the vascular system. Fluid enters subperitoneal lymphatic lacunae, between muscle fibres of the diaphragm, the lacunae being separated from the peritoneal cavity by a barrier comprising, successively, ly...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Abu-Hijleh MF,Habbal OA,Moqattash ST

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of exercise on diaphragm degeneration and cardiomyopathy in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Mdx mice (11 months of age) were exercised (swimming) for 2 months to worsen diaphragm degeneration. Control mdx mice were kept sedentary. Morphological evaluation demonstrated increased fibrosis in the d...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Barbin IC,Pereira JA,Bersan Rovere M,de Oliveira Moreira D,Marques MJ,Santo Neto H

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle moment arms were measured for major muscles of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) in order to assess specific functional behaviour and to apply this to locomotor performance. Pelvic limbs of six juvenile ostriches were used for this study. The tendon travel technique was used to measure moment ar...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Smith NC,Payne RC,Jespers KJ,Wilson AM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellullar deficits are replenished within the central nervous system (CNS) by progenitors to maintain integrity and recover function after injury. NG2 proteoglycan-expressing progenitors replenish oligodendrocyte populations, but the nature of NG2 proteoglycan may not indicate a restricted population of progenitors. A...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Sellers DL,Horner PJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number and diameter of fibres in three different muscles from streptozotocin-diabetic rats were compared to the same muscles from animals of two, non-diabetic, control groups. The animals of the weight control group were fed a restricted food intake so that they grew at the same rate as the diabetic animals, where...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Hegarty PV,Rosholt MN

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of excess iodine on the development of the thyroid gland of chick embryos was assessed following injections of potassium iodide prior to incubation. Iodide injection resulted in a significantly greater thyroid gland weight (goitre) on Day 18 of incubation and a delay in hatching. Histological studies of th...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Guo Z,Narbaitz R,Fryer JN

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg 5-azacytidine to pregnant S1c:ICR mice on gestational Day 7.5 resulted in a high incidence of exencephalic offspring. Histological examination of untreated 7.5 days mouse embryos revealed that the head folds were formed in the anterior halves of the embryos, whereas t...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Takeuchi IK,Takeuchi YK

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main aim of the present work is to synthesize the information obtained from our dissections of the pectoral and forelimb muscles of representative members of the major extant taxa of limbed amphibians and reptiles and from our review of the literature, in order to provide an account of the comparative anatomy, hom...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Abdala V,Diogo R

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex I is one of the respiratory chain enzymes related to NADH dehydrogenase and is an encoded gene product derived from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Transcription levels of ND1 (mitochondrial) and 51 kDa (nuclear) subunits of complex I in the postnatal development of the intrinsic muscle in rat tongues ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Fujita T,Sato I

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, thereby ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Mech AM,Brown AL,Schiavo G,Sleigh JN

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alx4 and Msx2 encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that show a clear functional overlap. In both mice and humans, loss of function of either gene is associated with ossification defects of the skull vault, although the major effect is on the frontal bones in mice and the parietal bones in humans. This s...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Antonopoulou I,Mavrogiannis LA,Wilkie AO,Morriss-Kay GM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructure of secretory cells in the various regions of the goat oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. During the follicular phase in the fimbriae, the secretory cells contained small secretory granules with electron-dense matrice...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Abe H,Onodera M,Sugawara S,Satoh T,Hoshi H

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of neurons and glia in the mouse abducens nerve nucleus was estimated at 6, 25, 28 and 31 months of age. There was no significant variation in either the number of neurons (mean 118) or glia (mean 168) or in the glia to neuron ratio (mean 1.42) with age. Mean neuronal and glial nuclear diameters also remain...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Sturrock RR

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the discovery that the proto-oncogene protein kinase B (PKB) functions as a downstream element in signalling from phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase) (Burgering & Coffer, 1995), PKB has been shown to mediate a diverse array of PI3-kinase dependent cellular responses. Most recently PKB-dependent phosphory...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Kops GJ,Burgering BM

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classic anatomical methods have failed to determine the precise location, origin and nature of nerve fibres in the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP). The purpose of this study was to identify the location and nature (adrenergic and/or cholinergic) of IHP nerve fibres and to provide a three-dimensional (3D) representat...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Alsaid B,Bessede T,Karam I,Abd-Alsamad I,Uhl JF,Benoît G,Droupy S,Delmas V

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Androgen deficiency is one of the major factors leading to the development of osteoporosis in men. Since calcitonin (CT) is a potent antiresorptive agent, in the present study we investigated the effects of androgen deficiency and subsequent testosterone and estradiol treatment on CT-producing thyroid C cells, skeleta...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Filipović B,Sošić-Jurjević B,Ajdžanović V,Pantelić J,Nestorović N,Milošević V,Sekulić M

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The descending projections to coccygeal spinal segments influencing tail movement were studied by retrograde wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) tracing methods in 12 cats. WGA-HRP solution was injected into the 3rd and 4th coccygeal segments and hemisection of the right side of the spinal cord was ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Wada N,Sugita S,Jouzaki A,Tokuriki M

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small clusters of extra large muscle fibres were identified in hindlimb muscles of neonatal mice (strain C57BL/10ScSn). At two days of age they had a significantly greater cross-sectional area than their normal counterparts (P less than 0.01). Fibre typing methods (NADH-tetrazolium reductase, ATPase and phosphorylase)...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Christie KN,Stewart RJ,Bacciocchi G

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proximal pelvic limb musculature of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Macropus giganteus (Zimm) is described with nine illustrations. The text is based on dissections of 44 Grey Kangaroos ranging in empty body weight from 791 g to 58 kg. ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Hopwood PR,Butterfield RM

更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anisotropic, inhomogeneous, multiply collagenous architecture of the annulus reflects the complex pattern of mainly tensile stresses developed in this region of the disc during normal function. Structural and mechanical responses of fully hydrated in-plane sections taken from within single lamellae of the outer an...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Pezowicz CA,Robertson PA,Broom ND

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of amniotic papillae in sheep was investigated by light transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Papillae were found on the amnion near the umbilical cord in a majority of the sheep examined, from early mid-term onwards. The papillae possessed a basic connective tissue core with a varying degree of...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Turner CB,Garlick PR

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although seen frequently during dissections and autopsies, Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) - a morphological pattern of the frontal bone thickening - is often ignored and its nature and development are not yet understood sufficiently. Current macroscopic classification defines four grades/stages of HFI based on t...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Bracanovic D,Djonic D,Nikolic S,Milovanovic P,Rakocevic Z,Zivkovic V,Djuric M

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous studies have reported that intratesticular nerves exert important regulatory effects on the functions of the male gonad; however, as yet little is known about their distribution in the young adult human testis. The purpose of this study was to explore whether peptidergic and adrenergic nerves occur in the mal...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： Gong YG,Feng MM,Hu XN,Wang YQ,Gu M,Zhang W,Ge RS

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the great ongoing debates in palaeo-anthropology is when, and how, hominids acquired habitual bipedal locomotion. The newly adopted bipedal gait and the ancestral quadrupedal gait are most often considered as very distinct, with each habitual locomotor mode showing corresponding anatomical adaptations. Bonobos ...

journal_title：Journal of anatomy

authors： D'Août K,Vereecke E,Schoonaert K,De Clercq D,Van Elsacker L,Aerts P

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00