Abstract：
:Because coarse mode particles are rarely studied in their existing size ranges (greatest mass about 5-7 microns, aerodynamic diameter), we investigated the effects of four such particles, quartz, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium feldspar, on host defenses against bacterial pulmonary infection. Mice which received intratracheal instillations of 10, 33, and 100 micrograms/mouse were exposed within an hour to aerosols of viable Streptococcus, and pneumonia-induced mortality was measured. At 33 and 100 micrograms/mouse, all particles significantly increased mortality. At the lower dose, only Fe2O3 caused a significant increase in mortality. To evaluate potential delayed effects, mice were challenged with the bacteria 24 h after exposure to 100 micrograms particles/mouse. Delaying the challenge did not significantly alter the response, except for the sodium feldspar group for which a partial recovery was observed. When mice exposed to 100 micrograms particles/mouse received aerosols of Klebsiella pneumoniae 24 h later, there was no significant effect on pulmonary bactericidal activity. For the model system used, it appears that Fe2O3, CaCO3, and sodium feldspar have effects roughly equivalent to quartz.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Aranyi C,Graf JL,O'Shea WJ,Graham JA,Miller FJdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(83)90263-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-10-01 00:00:00pages
63-72issue
1-2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(83)90263-1journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The skin is an immunologically active tissue. Epidermal cells, both keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), produce constitutively or can be stimulated to produce a variety of cytokines, many of which play important roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses to sensitizing chemicals. Tumor necrosis f...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03497-8
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rat bioassay has been developed to provide an objective approach for the identification and classification of upper and lower respiratory tract irritants, with particular emphasis on the concentration-dependent induction and regression of lesions characteristic of asthma, such as persisting non-specific airway hyper...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(96)03688-0
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct or indirect interference with GABA-mediated neurotransmission results in convulsive seizure activity in humans and experimental animals. When this convulsant effect is experimentally analyzed, it turns out to be a product of discrete and restricted cerebral sites of drug action. Depending upon the brain cir...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90215-6
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The common food preparation processes, frying, broiling and baking, can give rise to air pollutants that are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal tests. A large number of persons can be exposed to such fumes as cooking is performed in most households and in many commercial enterprises. Additional studies o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90013-2
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coumarin and its derivatives are widely employed as a fragrance in cosmetics and skin care products. The skin absorption level and possible disruption to the skin by topical application of coumarins were evaluated in this study. Percutaneous absorption of osthole, daphnoretin, coumarin, byakangelicin, and 7-hydroxycou...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.009
更新日期：2014-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation and microRNAs are involved in human skin cancer; however, their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Further, a concern in skin cancer research is the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis. To explore new biomarkers of chemical exposure in risk assessment of chemical carc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.011
更新日期：2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effect of subchronic methidathion (MD) administration on vascular wall damage. The experimental groups were: control group and rats treated with 5 mg/kg MD. The MD group was given MD by gavage for 5 days a week for 4 weeks at a dose level of 5 mg/kg per day by using corn oil as the vehicle. The le...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.08.012
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of [3H]aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the DNA, RNA and protein of liver after i.p. administration to rats with and without ethanol pretreatment was studied. The quantities of AFB1 binding to DNA and RNA were significantly increased by ethanol pretreatment but the formation of protein adducts was not affected. AFB1...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90097-4
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:About two decades ago in vitro mutagenicity tests were adopted as the first in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology. For reasons of animal welfare and better science, many validation studies of various in vitro methods were performed between 1985 and 1995 for their potential to replace the Draize eye irritation test...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00492-1
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis has been described as programmed active cell death. Overexpression of the c-Myc gene has been shown to induce apoptosis in Rat1A/Myc-ER cells when combined with a growth blocking agent. In the present study, we tested whether 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (LNAC) affect apoptotic death in seru...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03816-7
更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Allyl alcohol-induced LDH leakage from isolated rat hepatocytes was preceded by a decrease in rhodmine 123 retention, signifying a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) prevented the drop in membrane potential and completely prevented cell killing by allyl alcohol. In contrast, cyc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03426-9
更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood-testis barrier (BTB) provides a suitable microenvironment for germ cells that is required for spermatogenesis. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is recognized to occasion male reproductive impairment, but the mechanism of which remains unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish animal models...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.004
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior research suggests that sex hormones and metabolic changes, such as obesity and hyperglycemia, can alter renal transporter expression in rodents. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of kidney efflux transporters and regulatory transcription factors in response to Type I diabetes and pregn...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.008
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Two groups of C57BL/6J mice received a single oral dose of 1 nmol/kg 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alone or in combination with 300 mumol/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB). The disposition of TCDD in liver, fat, skin, spleen, lung and blood was studied at days 3, 7, 13 and 34 after dosage. H...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03387-z
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 0.32 mg/kg body weight) was administered to 15 adult female palm squirrels (Funambulus pennanti (Wroughton] and the hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) levels were quantified on the 1st, 7th and 40th day. 5-HT leve...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90082-3
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of carcinogenic doses of urethane to male rats (for 30 days) and to females (for 45 days) caused degranulation of microsomes of livers and lungs to approx. 15 and 35%, respectively. The cholesterol levels also declined more than 50% in urethane-treated rats when compared with controls. Studies on struct...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90170-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, spli...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1
更新日期：2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of in vitro methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on endogenous dopamine (DA) efflux from mouse striatal slices. MeHg produced a concentration-dependent increase in the spontaneous efflux of DA which was independent of the availability of Ca2+ in the superfusion medium. The Ca(2+)-de...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03787-3
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein S-glutathionation has been demonstrated to be one of the cellular responses under oxidative stress and may be involved in many cellular metabolisms. In this study, the effect of redox cycling bipyridylium compounds, paraquat and diquat, on this protein modification was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats we...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03621-0
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uncertainty in risk assessment can be reduced by increasing the use of relevant data specific to the particular xenobiotic and exposed organism. We describe the development of a preliminary, mechanism-based exposure response model for chloroform hepatotoxicity consistig of toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) sub...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03528-1
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse inbred strains with inherited predisposition and resistance to lung cancer provide an essential tool for the dissection of the genetics of this complex disease. We have previously mapped a major locus (Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1, Pas1) affecting inherited predisposition to lung cancer in mice on chromoso...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00232-5
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces nephrotoxicity via one or more metabolites which arise from oxidation of the succinimide ring. The purpose of this study was to examine the nephrotoxic potential of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxysuccinamic acid (3-NDHSA), a potential metabolite of NDPS and a positiona...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90047-7
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Di-2-ethylhexyl-terephtalate (DEHT) is a general purpose plasticizer and a structural isomer to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) being known for its toxicity. Despite the fact that DEHT is used in quite a number of synthetics for medical device production including equipment for intravenous administration, t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.020
更新日期：2011-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in most tissues. Recently, HMGB1 has gained much attention for its regulation of immunity and inflammation. Yet its role in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma still remains poorly characterized. In this study, mice were sens...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1108
更新日期：2015-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The genotoxicity of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been studied in vivo in mice. Bone marrow chromosome aberrations were not dose, time or route dependent, but most of the results differed significantly from controls except after 6 and 24 h of treatment using the i.p. and s.c. routes, respective...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90058-6
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the past 10 years we have focused on the development of antisense treatments against viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We have demonstrated that phosphorothioate oligomers have in vitro anti-HIV activities and in vivo anti-HBV activity. In vitro anti-HIV activ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03574-5
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Furocoumarins are a group of natural products with many biological activities. Clinical evidences have demonstrated the important contribution of furocoumarins to the toxicity of some foods and herbs. In order to assess liver and kidney toxicity of furocoumarins, male mice were orally administrated with psoralen, isop...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.030
更新日期：2012-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum corticosterone levels were determined at intervals after i.p. injection of 1.8 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg body weight. Thymus weight decreased significantly 3 days after injection. The effect of Cd injection on serum corticosterone levels was almost indistinguishable from that of saline injection. Further, Cd-induced th...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90244-2
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particulates with an aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm) can suppress alveolar macrophage (AM) functions, but the data concerning the effects of blowing sand PM2.5 on AMs remain limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influences of blowing sand PM2.5 on A...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.01.010
更新日期：2005-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole-body inhalation exposures to N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were conducted with male rats (Crl:CD BR) and mice (Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR). Exposure concentrations were 50, 150, 300 and 500 ppm. The exposure routines consisted of single 1-, 3-, or 6-h exposures and ten 6-h exposures (10 exposure days in 2 weeks). Area unde...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90061-2
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
