Abstract:
:Sex-related differences in the disposition of some analgesics, anxiolytics and hypnotics have recently been reported. With certain benzodiazepines, sex has been shown to be a more important determinant of variability in drug disposition than age, while with other benzodiazepines an age-related decline in clearance was more pronounced in men than women. In young healthy adults these sex-related differences in drug disposition were related to the phase of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive steroid administration, and variations in plasma concentrations of albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, free fatty acids and sex hormones. While none of the sex-related differences so far reported necessitates the modification of a therapeutic dosage regimen, it is prudent that future protocols for pharmacokinetic studies should regard age, sex, the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive steroids as potential sources of variability. :Sex-related differences in the disposition of some analgesics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics have recently been reported. With certain benzodiazepines, sex has been shown to be a more important determinant of variability in drug disposition than age, while with other benzodiazepines, an age-related decline in clearance was more pronounced in men than women. In young, healthy adults, these sex-related differences in drug disposition were related to the phase of menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive (OC) administration, and variations in plasma concentrations of albumin, alphal-acid glycoprotein, free fatty acids, and sex hormones. While none of the sex-related differences so far reported necessitates the modification of a therapeutic dosage regimen, it is prudent that future protools for pharmacokinetic studies should regard age, sex, menstrual cycle, and OCs as as potential sources of variability.
journal_name
Clin Pharmacokinetjournal_title
Clinical pharmacokineticsauthors
Wilson Kdoi
10.2165/00003088-198409030-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-05-01 00:00:00pages
189-202issue
3eissn
0312-5963issn
1179-1926journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B-cell receptor signalling, critical for cell proliferation. Acalabrutinib, a selective, covalent BTK inhibitor, recently received an accelerated approval in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma. This analysis characterized the population pharmacokinet...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-018-0725-7
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs. Vancomycin and the aminoglycosides are the only antibacterials that have been extensively investigated in the obese population. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and total body clearance of vancomycin a...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200038050-00003
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renewed interest in vancomycin over the past decade has led to an abundance of data concerning the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, and its dosage selection and concentration-response relationships. No definitive data exist that correlate vancomycin serum concentrations with clinical outcomes. However, inconsistencies ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199528040-00005
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alignment of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic departments with drug discovery has not produced a radical improvement in the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities. The reason for this is complex, reflecting in part the difficulty of combining potency, selectivity, water solubility, metabolic stabil...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200241130-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The half-life and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of antipyrine and phenytoin were determined in 14 young (mean age: 28.8 +/- 8.3 (SD) years] and in 14 elderly [mean age: 83.5 +/- 7.1 (SD) years] subjects and correlated with liver volume, which was determined by ultrasonic scanning, to see if an age-dependent differenc...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-198106050-00005
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inadequate pain control in the postoperative period not only contributes to patient discomfort, but also causes physiological changes that may result in increased risk of myocardial ischaemia, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. These events complicate postoperative recovery and may lead to longer hospital st...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200544001-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disposition of simeprevir (SMV) in humans is characterised by cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism and hepatic uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/3 (OATP1B1/3). This study was designed to investigate SMV plasma and liver exposure upon oral administration in subjects infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0476-2
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Renal impairment may have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Ad hoc studies in subjects with renal impairment are required by the regulatory authorities to propose dose adjustments in these subjects, to find a dosing regimen able to provide a systemic exposure similar to those in subjec...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0574-9
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bitopertin (RG1678) is a glycine reuptake inhibitor currently in phase 3 trials for treatment of schizophrenia. This paper describes the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and preclinical data to gain insights into and predict bitopertin clinical pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Simulati...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0061-x
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The use of an opportunistic (also called scavenged) sampling strategy in a prospective pharmacokinetic study combined with population pharmacokinetic modelling has been proposed as an alternative strategy to conventional methods for accomplishing pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. However, th...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-015-0291-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:This analysis used a population pharmacokinetic approach to identify covariates that influence plasma exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for weight management in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS:Samples for pharmacokinetic anal...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0410-7
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of a new extended release (ER) capsule formulation of tolterodine, compared with the existing immediate release (IR) tablet, in healthy volunteers. DESIGN:Nonblind, randomised, 2-way crossover trial. PARTICIPANTS:19 healthy volunteers (7 females, 12 males), me...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003088-200140030-00006
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antihistamines (histamine H(1) receptor antagonists) are effective and convenient drugs for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Because of the short duration of action generally observed for drugs administered topically to the eye, the oral route is often preferred. However, the presence of a selective...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200241070-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum concentration measurements of antibacterial agents are increasingly used to optimise drug dosage regimens. However, this approach is only justified for drugs with a low therapeutic index and poor predictability of serum concentrations, such as the aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and vancomycin, whereas the peni...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198409060-00001
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the influence of covariates on the apparent clearance (CL) of tacrolimus in paediatric liver transplant recipients being converted from cyclosporin to tacrolimus. DESIGN:Retrospective modelling study. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS:18 children, 13 girls and 5 boys, aged 4 months to 16 years (median 9....
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200140010-00005
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vigabatrin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is supplied as a racemic mixture, with the S(+) enantiomer possessing pharmacological activity. [R,S]-Vigabatrin plasma concentrations can be estimated using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Only g...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199223040-00003
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to deliver safe and effective moderate sedation is crucial to the ability to perform invasive procedures. Sedative drugs should have a quick onset of action, provide rapid and clear-headed recovery, and be easy to administer and monitor. A number of drugs have been demonstrated to provide effective sedatio...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200645090-00001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of concomitant administration of dairy products on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of moxifloxacin. DESIGN:This was a single-centre, randomised, controlled, nonblinded, 2-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS:12 healthy men (aged 25 to 46 years) were enrolle...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003088-200140001-00005
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:From a previously validated paediatric population pharmacokinetic model, it was derived that non-linear morphine maintenance doses of 5 μg/kg(1.5)/h, with a 50 % dose reduction in neonates with a postnatal age (PNA) <10 days, yield similar morphine and metabolite concentrations across patients...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-014-0135-4
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of metoprolol have been studied in a group of patients with varying degrees of renal impairment and in healthy subjects after administration of 20 mg of metoprolol tartrate intravenously and 50 mg orally in a single dose and during steady-state conditions. There were no significant differences in ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-198005020-00004
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of grepafloxacin in healthy male subjects following single oral administration of doses ranging from 200 to 1200 mg, and following repeated oral administration of 400 and 800 mg doses are reported. Plasma levels of grepafloxacin reached a peak within 2 hours (on average) following drug administrat...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-199700331-00003
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warfarin, like all the 4-hydroxycoumarin compounds, has an asymmetric carbon atom. The clinically available warfarin preparations consist of a racemic mixture of equal amounts of 2 distinct S and R isomers, the former being 4-times more potent as anticoagulant and more susceptible to drug interaction. Warfarin is high...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199630040-00003
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1970, and introduction into clinical practice in 1978, cyclosporin has become the most important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection. This has been achieved by virtue of the improved graft survival rates and adverse effect profiles in patients when compared with tha...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199732050-00002
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are a unique class of compounds. Pharmacologically they are characterised as a family by their ability to inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, and kinetically they are classified as a family by their similarity in absorption, distribution and elimination. All the H2-receptor antagon...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199120030-00004
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) has demonstrated efficacy in improving hormonal and metabolic parameters in leptin-deficient states, and it has been suggested that leptin replacement may reverse metabolic adaptations during weight loss interventions. The pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200847110-00006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Oral levodopa-carbidopa (LC-oral) treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor complications due to large fluctuations in levodopa plasma concentrations. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) provides individualized continuous levodopa-carbidopa delivery through in...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-015-0265-3
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The various components required for individualising clinical drug dosage regimens are reviewed, including a study of 3 types of fitting procedures, 2 types of gentamicin pharmacokinetic model and the utility of D-optimal times for obtaining serum gentamicin concentrations. The combination of the current Bayesian fitti...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199121060-00006
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Bosentan is a competitive antagonist on endothelin receptor A and B (ETA and ETB), displacing the endogenous binding partner endothelin-1 (ET-1) from its binding sites. After administration of escalating single doses of 10-750 mg as an intravenous (i.v.) infusion, bosentan showed dose-dependen...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0534-4
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly are generally considered to be different from young people in terms of drug response and this applies particularly to quantitative differences. While altered drug handling is a major potential source of difference in responsiveness to drugs, the relative contribution of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-197601040-00003
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Daclatasvir is a potent, pangenotypic once-daily hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir in subjects with chronic HCV infection. METHODS:A populati...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0504-2
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00