Abstract:
:The simultaneous addition of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and morphiceptin at concentrations at which 98% of enkephalin (delta) and morphine (mu) receptors are occupied only partially inhibits the binding of [3H]diprenorphine to rat brain membranes. These conditions, furthermore, do not affect the curves for displacement of [3H]diprenorphine binding by unlabeled diprenorphine. These data suggest that [3H]diprenorphine binds to a third subtype of opiate binding site, which has high affinity for diprenorphine but very low affinity for mu and delta agonists. The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc). Because of its selectivity for most benzomorphan drugs, this putative receptor site is tentatively referred to as a benzomorphan binding site. Its regional distribution in rat brain is similar to that of morphine (mu) receptors but differs from that for enkephalin (delta) receptors. The content of benzomorphan binding sites in rat brain is only one-half to one-third that of morphine receptors. The relative affinities of various opioids to morphine enkephalin, and benzomorphan binding sites are also described.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Chang KJ,Hazum E,Cuatrecasas Pdoi
10.1073/pnas.78.7.4141subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-07-01 00:00:00pages
4141-5issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A simple method combining photolithography and shadow (or angle) evaporation is developed to fabricate single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) devices with tube lengths of approximately 10-50 nm between metal contacts. Large numbers of such short devices are obtained without the need of complex tools such as electron be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404450101
更新日期:2004-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::The development of distinct regions in the amniote vertebral column results from somite formation and Hox gene expression, with the adult morphology displaying remarkable variation among lineages. Mammalian regionalization is reportedly very conservative or even constrained, but there has been no study investigating v...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912622107
更新日期:2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::The coordinated redistribution of sugars from mature "source" leaves to developing "sink" leaves requires tight regulation of sugar transport between cells via plasmodesmata (PD). Although fundamental to plant physiology, the mechanisms that control PD transport and thereby support development of new leaves have remai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1919196117
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones corresponding to the DR beta 1 and DR beta 2 loci from two homozygous B-cell lines typed as DR7 (Burkhart) and DR9 (ISK). These nucleotide sequences were compared to beta 1 and beta 2 chains of other DR haplotypes. The first-domain sequences of beta 2 chains are identical in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.23.9149
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thymopoietin, a polypeptide hormone of the thymus that has pleiotropic actions on the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, potently interacts with the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Thymopoietin binds to the nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) receptor in muscle and, like alpha-BGT, inhibits c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2603
更新日期:1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Erythropoietin, the major hormone controlling red-cell production, is regulated in part through oxygen-dependent changes in the rate of transcription of its gene. Using transient transfection in HepG2 cells, we have defined a DNA sequence, located 120 base pairs 3' to the poly(A)-addition site of the mouse erythropoie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10553
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductases (FNRs) constitute a family of flavoenzymes that catalyze the exchange of reducing equivalents between one-electron carriers and the two-electron-carrying NADP(H). The main role of FNRs in cyanobacteria and leaf plastids is to provide the NADPH for photoautotrophic metabolism. In root pl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607718103
更新日期:2006-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Timelapse video microscopy has been used to record the motility and dynamic interactions between an H-2Db-restricted murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone (F5) and Db-transfected L929 mouse fibroblasts (LDb) presenting normal or variant antigenic peptides from human influenza nucleoprotein. F5 cells will kill LDb target...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15571
更新日期:1998-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been found to regulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Whole-cell and single-channel recordings from cultured hippocampal neurons revealed a mechanism responsible for enhanced synaptic strength. Specifically, brain-derived neurotrophic factor augmented glutamate-evoked, but ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10235
更新日期:1998-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells are characterized by genetic mutations that deregulate cell proliferation and suppress cell death. To arrest the uncontrolled replication of malignant cells, conventional chemotherapies systemically disrupt cell division, causing diverse and often severe side effects as a result of collateral damage to no...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1073/pnas.1006377107
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a 98-base-pair region (-38 to +60) in the long terminal repeat of the Drosophila gypsy retrotransposon that is sufficient for accurate normal-level transcription. We find that, unlike most RNA polymerase II (pol II) promoters, the gypsy promoter includes downstream sequences that are required for full acti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.1.102
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of duplex DNA from varphiX174 single-stranded DNA by extracts of E. coli was previously shown to require the gene product of dna B. Using as an assay the stimulation of varphiX174 DNA-dependent synthesis in inactivated extracts of dna B temperature-sensitive cells, we purified the dna B gene product from wil...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.11.3120
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that tumors are derived from a single cancer-initiating cell with stem cell properties. The task of identifying and characterizing a single cancer-initiating cell with stem cell properties has proven technically difficult because of the scarcity of the cancer stem cells in the ti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703071104
更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The 24 nucleotides comprising the carbohydrate-recognition domain of Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin (MAH) cDNA were randomly mutated. The mutant lectins were expressed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and 16 clones were randomly chosen. Although all of 16 recombinant lectins reacted st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.041621998
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The biodistribution profiles in mice of two pyrrole-imidazole polyamides were determined by PET. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are a class of small molecules that can be programmed to bind a broad repertoire of DNA sequences, disrupt transcription factor-DNA interfaces, and modulate gene expression pathways in cell cul...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0806308105
更新日期:2008-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Trace greenhouse gases are a fundamentally important component of Earth's global climate system sensitive to global change. However, their concentration in the pre-Pleistocene atmosphere during past warm greenhouse climates is highly uncertain because we lack suitable geochemical or biological proxies. This long-stand...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1102409108
更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mice prefer to mate with individuals expressing different MHC genes from their own. Volatile components presenting MHC-dependent odor types are present in urine and can be detected by mice, as shown by extensive behavioral studies. Similar odor types are suspected to influence human behavior as well. Although a recent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.161266398
更新日期:2001-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::p300 acetylates and activates the tumor suppressor p53 after DNA damage. Here, we show that MDM2, a negative-feedback regulator of p53, inhibited p300-mediated p53 acetylation by complexing with these two proteins. First, we purified a p300-MDM2-p53 protein complex from HeLa nuclear extracts, which was inactive in p53...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.23.12547
更新日期:2000-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Is the pathway of protein folding determined by the relative stability of folding intermediates, or by the relative height of the activation barriers leading to these intermediates? This is a fundamental question for resolving the Levinthal paradox, which stated that protein folding by a random search mechanism would ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2539
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Gene-environment interactions are important determinants of cancer risk. Traditionally, gene-environment interactions are thought to contribute to tumor-suppressor-gene penetrance by facilitating or inhibiting the acquisition of additional somatic mutations required for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that a disti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503218102
更新日期:2005-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::In most macroscale robotic systems, propulsion and controls are enabled through a physical tether or complex onboard electronics and batteries. A tether simplifies the design process but limits the range of motion of the robot, while onboard controls and power supplies are heavy and complicate the design process. Here...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1800386115
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of how insects are actually affected by sex pheromones deployed throughout a crop so as to disrupt mating has lacked a mechanistic framework sufficient for guiding optimization of this environmentally friendly pest-control tactic. Major hypotheses are competitive attraction, desensitization, and camouflage. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908453107
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bovine proinsulin to insulin has been purified from a bovine pancreatic extract. The product of conversion was identified as insulin by aminoacid analysis and determination of carboxyl terminal aminoacid residues. The purified enzyme preparation showed one major protein band ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1312
更新日期:1971-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the basis of resistance and sensitivity of normal and transformed cells to histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)-induced cell death, specifically the role of caspases and thioredoxin (Trx). An important attribute of HDACis is that they induce cancer cell death at concentrations to which normal cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408732102
更新日期:2005-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::A segment of DNA containing cya, the gene for adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1], has been isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. The phage lambda gt4 was used as a cloning vector and adenylate cyclase-positive hybrid phages were isolated that complemented adenylate cyclase-negative bac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.4684
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic basis of primate phenotypic uniqueness remains obscure, despite increasing genome and transcriptome sequence data availability. Although factors such as segmental duplications and positive selection have received much attention as potential drivers of primate phenotypes, single-copy primate-specific genes ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0904569106
更新日期:2009-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenicity of fixed rabies virus strains for adult mice depends on the presence of an antigenic determinant on the viral glycoprotein. Two virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been used to identify this determinant. All pathogenic strains of fixed rabies virus bind to these antibodies and are neutraliz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.70
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) binds to specific receptors on GH4C1 pituitary tumor cells. A fluorescently labeled analog of TRH was synthesized by coupling pGlu-His-ProNH(CH2)6NH2 to fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescein-labeled peptide (FL-TRH) stimulated prolactin synthesis and release by GH4C1 cultures ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.587
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi differentiate specialized infection structures within the living cells of their host plants. These haustoria have been linked to nutrient uptake ever since their discovery. We have for the first time to our knowledge shown that the flow of sugars from the host Vicia faba to the rust f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.131186798
更新日期:2001-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein blocks the action of the host defense factor APOBEC3G in human cells, thereby allowing release of infectious virions, but fails to inhibit similar APOBEC3G proteins present in some simian cells. Conversely, the Vif protein encoded by the African green monk...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0307713101
更新日期:2004-03-16 00:00:00