Abstract：
:Estimates were made of the changing volumes of discharge arising from the total populations of Ia and II spindle afferent fibers in the cat's deefferented medial gastrocnemius as the muscle was extended stepwise over its excursion range. The estimates were based on values reported elsewhere for (i) the incidence of active units and (ii) their rates of discharge at static muscle lengths normalized against the excursion range of the particular muscle, together with (iii) the numbers of Ia and II afferent fibers in the medial gastrocnemius as derived from a critical review of published information. Curves representing the total discharge of the two afferent types are similar and show three phases: an initial level of spontaneous activity, a somewhat curvilinear rise associated with early recruitment of units during stretch, and rectilinear increase after full recruitment. There was no appearance of saturation. Completion of recruitment of both types of units occurred about halfway in the extension range of the passive muscle. Over most of the excursion range, inflow from the group II population was about one-third greater than that from the Ia units.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Botterman BR,Eldred Edoi
10.1016/0014-4886(83)90017-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-04-01 00:00:00pages
208-17issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(83)90017-1journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Inflammation plays a central role in the development of numerous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS). For a long time it was assumed that recruitment of macrophages into the CNS and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are closely linked. In the present study we challeng...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.027
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines cell death and proliferation in the white matter after neonatal stroke. In postnatal day 7 injured rat, there was a marked reduction in myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining mainly corresponding to numerous pyknotic immature oligodendrocytes and TUNEL-positive astrocytes in the ipsilateral exte...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.01.037
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tooth pulp-evoked jaw-opening reflex was studied in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat. At liminal intensity of the stimulus, a stable short-latency response was obtained in the digastricus and in the tongue. At a higher stimulus intensity, there occasionally appeared to be a prolonged discharge of variable duration...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(86)90135-4
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quisqualate (Quis) and other excitotoxins such as ibotenate and N-methyl aspartate, have been used to destroy neurons in the area of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in order to study the relationship between loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and various behavioral deficits, including learnin...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1046
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary, progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Excitotoxicity and reduced availability of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) likely play roles in HD pathogenesis. Recently we developed a protocol that induces adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.045
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress and glucocorticoids exacerbate pain via undefined mechanisms. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a constitutively expressed protein that is secreted to maintain immune function when glucocorticoids are elevated by trauma or stress. Here we show that MIF is essential for the development of neuropath...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.018
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurosphere-forming cells (NSFCs) derived from primary cultures of adult human olfactory epithelium were established in minimum essential medium (MEM) with Hanks balanced salts and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). A totally defined medium (DM) was employed to examine their proliferation, lineage restrict...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.022
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unit activity related to a go/no-go visual discrimination task was studied in four rhesus monkeys. We recorded 272 task-related cells from frontal cortex in a region extending from the midprincipal sulcus to the central sulcus, and medially to the cingulate sulcus. Units located in anterior regions (dorsolateral prefr...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90213-5
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve neurons in the median preoptic nucleus were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat. Electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ produced excitation (N = 7) or inhibition (N = 4) of the activity of these identified units. The activity of all ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(86)90184-6
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are widely expressed throughout the developing and adult CNS. In vitro studies demonstrate their potential to restrict neurite outgrowth, and it is believed that CSPGs also inhibit axonal regeneration after CNS injury in vivo. Prev...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00087-6
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An important issue in stem cell biology relates to mechanisms of cellular plasticity. Specifically, could any observed multipotency of, e.g., adult stem cells arise from true transdifferentiation or as a result of cell-cell fusion? We studied this issue using a culture paradigm of astrocyte monolayers and multipotent ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.11.016
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence that the amygdala may exert on the development of hippocampal kindling was investigated using three different approaches: (i) after uni- or bilateral amygdalectomy by thermocoagulation, (ii) after prestimulation of the amygdala until the appearance of masticatory movements, and (iii) after increasing the...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90416-8
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas quite a number of previous reports have shown that the developing brain is vulnerable to protein deprivation, the mature CNS is usually considered resistant to this condition. To explore this assumption the present experimental model was built on groups of 2-month-old rats fed with a low-protein diet (8% casei...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90081-2
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical studies have provided evidence that the progression of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) involves alterations in dopamine (DA) systems. Drugs of abuse that act on the brain DA system, such as cocaine (Coc), may exacerbate HIV-1 infection and consequent behavioral and neurological manifestations...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.008
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes persistent neurologic deficits. Current therapies, predominantly focused upon cortical and hippocampal cellular survival, have limited benefit on cognitive outcomes. Striatal damage is associated with deficits in executive function, learning, and memory. Dopamine and cAMP regulated ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.013
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) evolves within minutes to hours following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have identified axolemmal disruption and impaired axonal transport (AxT) as key mechanisms in the evolution of TAI. While initially hypothesized that axolemmal disruption culminates in impaired AxT, p...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.022
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a cytokine that regulates the survival, proliferation and maturation of microglial cells. Administration of M-CSF can promote neuronal survival in various models of central nervous system (CNS) injury. Here, in an attempt to induce a neuroprotective microglial cell pheno...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.021
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgenic mice whose axons and Schwann cells express fluorescent chromophores enable new imaging techniques and augment concepts in developmental neurobiology. The utility of these tools in the study of traumatic nerve injury depends on employing nerve models that are amenable to microsurgical manipulation and gaugin...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.05.028
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the cascade of events associated with cell death pathways that are involved with several forms of neurodegeneration. Recent findings show that in the Bax/Bak-dependent pathway of apoptosis, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria is a consequence of two carefully coordinated e...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.021
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Focal infarction (stroke) of the lateral cerebral cortex of rats (including the sensorimotor cortex) produces deficits in sensorimotor function of the contralateral limbs that recover partially over time. In previous studies, we found that the intracisternal injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7101
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In monkeys, unilateral intracarotid infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a useful model of hemiparkinsonism. To evaluate MPTP-induced neurochemical changes in vivo, brain microdialysis was employed to measure extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the neostriatum of...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(90)90029-r
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AMPAkines are positive modulators of AMPA receptors, and previous work has shown that these compounds can facilitate synaptic plasticity and improve learning and memory in both animals and humans; thus, their role in the treatment of cognitive impairment is worthy of investigation. In this study, we have utilized an o...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.07.010
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid tissues is localized to specific tissue compartments, but little is known of the "factors" that are important in establishing this pattern during development. Numerous studies have shown interactions of nerve growth factor (NGF) with the immune system, which may include modulation o...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6711
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model of the human disease Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this autoimmune inflammatory disease, CD4(+) T cells mediate demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Infiltrating macrophages and T cells as well as cytokines like interferon (IFN)-gamma are intimat...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7662
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain magnocellular complex (BFMC) respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) during development and in adult life, and it has been suggested that the administration of NGF might ameliorate some of the abnormalities that occur in neurological disorders associated with degeneration of thi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90066-l
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult New Zealand Red (NZR) rabbits were used to determine if the techniques developed in the rat to transplant sheets of photoreceptors could be adapted to larger eyes of the rabbit. Adult donor NZR rabbit retina was cut into small strips, oriented, and drawn up in a small and flat polyethylene tube. By transscleral ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(92)90228-i
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS] is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons, heralded by the development of cortical hyperexcitability. Reduction of short interval intracortical inhibition [SICI] in ALS, a feature linked to the development of cortical hyperexcitability, may be mediated by ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.017
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of presenile dementia. Here we have investigated the frequency of the epsilon4 allele of the Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene in FTD and in other non-Alzheimer forms of dementia related to FTD such as Motor Neurone disease dementia, semantic dementia, progressive...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2000.7387
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The focus of this study is the expression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), a receptor for double-stranded RNA, in human brains affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern recognition molecules primarily involved in host defenses to microbial pathogens, but roles in neuro...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.016
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new mutant, peroneal muscular atrophy (pma) mouse in CF#1 strain has an autosomal recessively inherited equinovarus (club foot deformity) of the hind legs because of the absence of the common peroneal nerve branch of the sciatic nerve. We found the peroneal muscles were hypoplastic with histochemical and electron mi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(86)90053-1
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
